Mohammed

Ancient Sumerians
The ancient Sumerians lived in ancient Mesopotamia; they have invented many things such as the wheel. They were the first civilization ever. Many historians think that cities and towns were first formed in Sumer around 5000 BC. Food: The Sumerians were very hard working and they needed food for energy. They used farm foods, as lots of them were farmers. Their daily staple food was barely, lentils, beans, garlic, onions, and dairy products. They had less meat because it was expensive. After the dead animals like goats and sheep, they used the wool and skin to make clothes and other items. Clothes: The clothes for the Sumerians were made of flax, a substance in a plant with blue flowers. For some men, they kept their beards. Princesses wore bright colored clothes and jewelry of gold, silver, lapis, lazuli and carnelian. Their social status was determined by the jewelry that they wore, but not much of clothes because it was hot most of the time so they all wore light clothes. Education: The first evidence of education is 2500B.C.E. The students were instructed in literacy, botany, zoology, math, geology, among other subjects. They were open to all boys that could afford it from the age of 6 to 10 years of education. Children often followed their fathers profession. Medicine: Sumerian people used herbal techniques to heal pain and diseases; they grounded particular leaves to make special powder to eat. The Sumerians also used salt to relieve and kill germs to disinfect wounds; we modern people also use that technique. Beliefs: The Sumerians believed that they were made by clay and that extra terrestrial intelligent beings came from another planet and gave part of their DNA and combined it with pre historic men. They called DNA as essence in their ancient writing. Gods: Their religion had over 100 gods. They worshiped them An as the full-time god, equivalent to "heaven" - indeed, the word "an" in Sumerian means "sky" and

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his consort Ki, means "Earth". Enki is in the south of the temple in Eridu. Enki was the god of beneficence, ruler of the freshwater depths beneath the earth. Safety/security: In their time, they did not have police systems to have public safety, men would carry small daggers or knifes to protect themselves, if there was a soldier guarding another house or palace and they see trouble, they help. The army: The Sumerians had a war for 2000 years between city states, this helped the technology evolve. The first war was in 2525BC. They wore copper helmets and held leather or wicker shields. The chariots were made of hard wood plated with metal; it was manned by 2 men controlling 2 horses. Architecture: Early houses were made of reeds, as Mesopotamia moved on, mud brick houses were made. Mud bricks were made by molded mud dried in the sun. Stone was not found in south Mesopotamia so it was transported over great expense. Law: Sumerians had strict laws such as; if someone rented an ox and damaged its eye, they have to pay half the price they bought it. If a man enters another mans orchard, he has to pay 10 shekels of silver. Entertainment: For entertainment, scribes and writers wrote songs and poems for gods or for events. Men went hunting, lots of audiences came to see wrestling matches, and any men could fight, people earned money like that. Sumerians invented board games and it was popular. Birth: They did not do anything on birth, they celebrated them by having feasts and they had family gatherings at halls and gifted items to other people. Marriage: Marriage to Sumerians is slavery because they sold and bought wives, the one is the responsibility of a father to leave his son with a wife.

Time line: 5000 Early development of Sumer 3000 Political & military rivalries 4000 High civilization developing 2750 Legendary Gilgamesh rules Uruk, Enmebaragesi & Agga rule Kish 2550 Mesalim rules Kish 2475 Ur-Nanshe rules Lagash, Meskalamdug rules Ur, military conflict between Lagash & Umma continues a long time.

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2375 Lugalzagesi of Umma unifies Sumer briefly 2350 Sargon of Agade defeats Umma & takes over Sumer & Akkad & creates significant political & economic empire 2230 Gutian invasion disrupts unity of Sumer & Akkad 2175 Gudea rules Lagash 2110 Ur-Nammu of Ur unifies Sumer & Akkad 2030 Elamites disrupt unity of Sumer & Akkad 2020 Ishbi-Erra the Amorite ruler of Isin seeks to rebuild unity in the land 1795 Rim-Sin of Larsa defeats Isin & takes over Sumer & Akkad 1760 Hammurapi of Babylon defeats Larsa & takes over Sumer & Akkad 1720 Shift of Euphrates River & collapse of life at Nippur & some other cities of Sumer 1595 Hittite raid disrupts unity of Sumer & Akkad