Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
FOREWORD
Praise we render to Allah SWT thanks to Allah grace, We can finish this paper entitled The Equation of Continuity . This paper was created to fulfill the duties of subjects Physics. In the manufacture of this paper, we get a lot of challenges and obstacles but with the help of various parties we can finish these papers well. Therefore, we say thanks to everyone who helped me so that this Physics assignment can be completed with the best. We are aware of this paper has not been perfect. Therefore, we expect criticism and suggestions that are built for the sake of completeness this paper. Hopefully this paper provides information for the reader and rewarding for us all. Bogor, November 17, 2012
Author
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD..............................................................................................................................................I TABLE OF CONTENTS..........................................................................................................................II CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................1 A.Background........................................................................................................................................1 B.The Formulation of the Problem .......................................................................................................1 C.Purpose..............................................................................................................................................2 CHAPTER II. DISCUSSION....................................................................................................................3 A.Dynamics Fliud ................................................................................................................................3 B.The Current Line ..............................................................................................................................5 a. The Current Line and Flow tubes................................................................................................5 C.THE EQUATION OF CONTINUITY...............................................................................................6 a. The Definition Of The Continuity Equation ................................................................................6 b. Teori and Formulation.................................................................................................................6 Debit.................................................................................................................................................7 CHAPTER III. APPLICATIONS...............................................................................................................9 A.Water Hose........................................................................................................................................9 B.River .................................................................................................................................................9 C.Mosquito Sprayer.............................................................................................................................10 CHAPTER IV. EXAMPLE PROBLEM..................................................................................................11 CHAPETR V. CLOSING.........................................................................................................................13 A.CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................................13 BOOK LIST.............................................................................................................................................14
II
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
A. Background
In physics, fluid dynamics is a sub-discipline of fluid mechanics that deals with fluid flowthe natural science of fluids (liquids and gases) in motion. It has several subdisciplines itself, including aerodynamics (the study of air and other gases in motion) and hydrodynamics (the study of liquids in motion). Fluid dynamics has a wide range of applications, including calculating forces and moments on aircraft, determining the mass flow rate of petroleum through pipelines, predicting weather patterns, understanding nebulae in interstellar space and reportedly modeling fission weapon detonation. Some of its principles are even used in traffic engineering, where traffic is treated as a continuous fluid. Fluid dynamics offers a systematic structurewhich underlies these practical disciplinesthat embraces empirical and semi-empirical laws derived from flow measurement and used to solve practical problems. The solution to a fluid dynamics problem typically involves calculating various properties of the fluid, such as velocity, pressure, density, and temperature, as functions of space and time.
B.
C.
Purpose
This paper made aims to: 1. To implement the task of physics subjects 2. To be that the reader knows what the continuity equation 3. To be the reader to know the benefits of continuity equation in daily life
B.
a.
In addition to the Flow Lines, there is also called with the current Line. A B On steady flow, the speed of each particle of the fluid at a point, say point A (see figure) is always the same. When passing through the point B, the speed of the fluid particles may change. However, when you arrive at point B, the fluid particles follow from behind flowing at the same speed as the fluid particles that preceded it. Likewise when arriving at point C and so on. The Current line is a curve connecting point A, B and C (Note: the speed is different with a speed of. Velocity has a direction) Flow Tube
Basically, each line of the flow can be described through every point in a fluid flow. If we observers thought traditionalism was steady fluid flow, a number of the current line that passes through a given point on an imaginary surface area (surface area of delusion) forms a tube of flow. There is no fluid particles that intersect each other but always parallel to the flow tube and will resemble a pipe whose shape is always the same. The fluid entering at one end of the tube will come out of the tube in the other end.
C.
The equation of continuty expresses that at ideal fluid flow, the cross product of fluid flow speed with its section area is constan.
b.
The Decrease Formula Equation Of Continuity If a fluid flows in a steady flow through a pipe with different section areas, then the volume of fluid that passes at each section is equally large in the same time interval. Suppose a fluid flows in a steady flow through one part of a pipe. During time interval t, the fluid at part 1 moves rightward and travels the distance L1 at velocity v1 ( L1 = v1 t ) while the fluid at part 2 moves rightward and travels L2 at velocity v2 ( L2 = v2 t ).
A fluid flow through part of a pipe 1 and 2 The volume of fluid paasing through part 1 is V1 = A1 L1 , while that of passing through part 2 is V2 = A2 L2 Therefore the mass of iquid passing through part 1 during time interval t is : m1 =
1 . V 1
m1 m1
= 1 (A1 . L1 ) = 1 . A1 (v1 . t)
While the mass of fluid passing through part 2 during time interval t is :
2 . V 2
m2 m2
= 2(A2 . L2 ) = 2 . A2 (v2 . t)
Because the fluid flow is steady, then the mass of fluid entering or passing through part 1 is equal to that of coming out or passing through part 2. So that obtained the following equation :
m1 1 . A1 . v1 . t
= =
m2 2 . A2 . v2 . t
m1 1 . A1 .v1
= =
m2 2 . A2 .v2 .t 2 . A 2 . v 2
1 .A1 . V1 . t =
For incompressible fluids, then the density of fluid during flowing is constant (1 = 2), so that the equation above can be written as follows :
A1 .v1
A2 .v2
Because the multiplication between speed of fluid flow and section area (A.v) is known as debit (Q), then the equation of continuity in ideal fluid can also be expresses as flows : Q1 Q1 = = Q2 k
Debit If a fluid flows in a pipe with section area A and the velocity of fluid v, then the amount of fluid (volume) that flows passing that section per unit of time is called debit. In the form of equation, debit is formulated as follow : Q= V t
Because the length of part l divided by time t is the velocity of fluid flow, then the equation above can be written as follows :
Q= Av
At times you will spray water using a hose, try to push the end of the hose, the water that comes out will be routed for enough. Conversely when the hose is returned to normal then the distance jets of water will be reduced. The physics of the fenomenon, we get that the area of the pipe affecting fluid.
B.
River
Have you ever rafting or boat ride on the river ? If we look at when people boating on a river. You will feel the flow when the river narrows getting heavier.
C.
Mosquito Sprayer
Mosquito Sprayers have working prinsiple similar to carburetors. When the piston is pumped, the air from the cylinder tube is forced out trough the narrow hole. The air coming out from this narrow hole has high velocity so that decreasing the air pressure above the nozzle.
10
11
3. A pipe has two different section. In the longitudinal with area of 10 cm2 flows an ideal fluid with speed 4 m/s. Calculate: a. fluid speed at longitudinal section with area 5 cm2 b. debit of fluid flow c. volume of fluid flowing in 5 minute Known : A1 = 10 cm2 = 10-3 m2 v1 = 4 m/s Asked : a. v2 if A2 = 5 cm2 = 5.10-4 m2? b. Q? c. V if t = 5 minute = 3.102 s? Answer : a. A1 v1 = A2 v2 v2 = 10-3 x 4 5.10-4 = 8 m/s b. Q =A.v =10-3 . 4 = 4.10-3 m3/s c. Q = V/t V = 4.10-3 . 3.102 = 1.2 m3
12
CHAPETR V. CLOSING
A. CONCLUSION
The equation of continuty expresses that at ideal fluid flow, the cross product of fluid flow speed with its section area is constan. Compressed fluid velocity is inversely proportional to the crosssectional area of pipes in which fluid flows.
13
BOOK LIST
http://vortex.cfdsof.com/air/tiki-view_forum_thread.php?comments_parentId=21 Sunardi. 2006. Fisika Bilingual. Jakarta : YRAMA WIDIA http://fisikamarsud.wordpress.com/2012/08/15/fluida-dinamis/ http://fisika79.wordpress.com/2011/05/28/persamaan-kontinuitas/
14