Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Multicast in LANs Address Mapping Multicast Frame Distribution Multicast Discovery Multicast over ATM Multicast in Wireless 802.11 WLAN 802.16 WIMAX 3GPP MBMS DVB-H/IPDC
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http:/www.informatik.haw-hamburg.de/~schmidt
Broadcasting on Layer 2
Simplest approach No Layer 2 intelligence needed ( Hubs) Causes network flooding (may significantly disturb)
Multicast Stream
Broadcasting
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239.255.0.1
01-00-5e-7f-00-01
25 Bits 48 Bits 23 Bits
32 - IP Multicast Addresses 224.1.1.1 224.129.1.1 225.1.1.1 225.129.1.1 . . . 238.1.1.1 238.129.1.1 239.1.1.1 239.129.1.1
5 Prof. Dr. Thomas Schmidt http:/www.informatik.haw-hamburg.de/~schmidt
0x0100.5E01.0101
RFC2464 Example: FF05:1::5 33:33:0:0:0:5 More than 1 trillion IPv6 multicast address will map to the same MAC address (80 bits are lost)
6 Prof. Dr. Thomas Schmidt http:/www.informatik.haw-hamburg.de/~schmidt
224.x.x.x c0-00-00-04-00-00
(Shown in Token Ring, non-canonical format)
224.x.x.x ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff
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Multicast Discovery
Problem: How does a Switch learn about group membership?
Solution 1 Analyse IGMP messaging (IGMP-Snooping) Switches listen to IGMP packets (join, leave) This requires Layer 3 intelligence in asics Solution 2 Layer 2 Signalling Router translates IGMP operations into Layer 2 signals But: only proprietary protocols available (e.g., Cisco CGMP)
http:/www.informatik.haw-hamburg.de/~schmidt
CPU
Switching 0 Engine
CAM Table
2
MAC Address 0100.5e01.0203 Ports 0,1,2
10
Host 3
Host 4
CPU
Switching 0 Engine
CAM Table
2
MAC Address 0100.5e01.0203 Ports 0,1,2,5
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http:/www.informatik.haw-hamburg.de/~schmidt
Host 1
Host 2
Host 3
Host 4
LAN Switch
CPU CPU
Switching 0 Engine
1.5Mbps MPEG Video
CAM Table
2
MAC Address 0100.5e01.0203 Ports 0,1,2,5
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Host 1
Host 2
Host 3
Host 4
LAN Switch
CPU
CAM Table
2
MAC Address 0100.5exx.xxxx L3 IGMP Ports 0
13
Host 1
Host 2
Host 3
Host 4
CPU
CAM Table
2
MAC Address 0100.5exx.xxxx 0100.5e01.0203 L3 IGMP !IGMP Ports 0 1,2
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http:/www.informatik.haw-hamburg.de/~schmidt
Host 1
Host 2
Host 3
Host 4
CPU
CAM Table
2
MAC Address 0100.5exx.xxxx 0100.5e01.0203 Port Added L3 IGMP !IGMP Ports 0 1,2 ,5
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http:/www.informatik.haw-hamburg.de/~schmidt
Host 1
Host 2
Host 3
Host 4
Router A
CAM Table
2
MAC Address 0100.5exx.xxxx 0100.5e01.0203 L3 IGMP !IGMP Ports 0 1,2 ,5
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http:/www.informatik.haw-hamburg.de/~schmidt
Host 1
Host 2
Host 3
Host 4
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http:/www.informatik.haw-hamburg.de/~schmidt
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http:/www.informatik.haw-hamburg.de/~schmidt
MARS Model
ClusterControl VC
MARSServer
lokales Netz
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The AP repeats multicast frames to the BSS and propagates them to the ESS
Treated as unacknowledged broadcasts
21 Prof. Dr. Thomas Schmidt http:/www.informatik.haw-hamburg.de/~schmidt
Delayed Distribution
AP buffers multicast packets and waits for DTIM, if Stations are using power saving mode
Congestion Threat
Distribution System experiences multicast as flooding Replicate mcast packets over all APs in same IP subnet
22 Prof. Dr. Thomas Schmidt http:/www.informatik.haw-hamburg.de/~schmidt
802.16 WiMAX
Point-to-Point or Point-to-Multipoint (no ad hoc mode) Connection oriented radio transmission
Channel management: Base Station (BS) assigns Channel IDs (CIDs) within Service Flows ( SFIDs) to Subscriber Station (SS) no autonomous packet addressing
WiMAX Multicast
BS may initiate downlink multicast distribution
Assigns common CID to all group members (SSs) ARQ not applicable
On reception SS cannot distinguish multicast from unicast stream SS sends multicast data to BS as point-to-point stream BS operates as L2 Switch and may support IGMP snooping (even IGMP proxying in 802.16e)
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http:/www.informatik.haw-hamburg.de/~schmidt
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DVB-H / DVB-IPDC
ETSI standard for IP Datacast service Offers high downstream data rates up to 15 Mbit/s Physical layer specification for the transmission of digital TV Transmits multicast and broadcast data in bursts
Allows for power saving time slots at receivers
27 Prof. Dr. Thomas Schmidt http:/www.informatik.haw-hamburg.de/~schmidt
References
IEEE Std 802.3, 2002 Edition (revised from 2000) IEEE Std 802.11, 1999 Edition (R2003). IEEE Std 802.16, 2004 Edition (revised from 2001) www.rfc-editor.org www.dvb.org J. Schiller: Mobilkommunikation. 2. Auflage, Addision-Wesley, 2003. Maucher, Furrer: WiMAX. Heise Verlag, Hannover 2007. T.C. Schmidt, M. Whlisch: Multicast Mobility in MIPv6: Problem Statement and Brief Survey. IRTF Internet Draft, Work in Progress.
29 Prof. Dr. Thomas Schmidt http:/www.informatik.haw-hamburg.de/~schmidt