Assuntos Tratados:

1º Horário:

Análise de texto e resolução de questões.

2º Horário:

Análise de texto e resolução de questões.

Análise de Textos

TEXTO 1:
The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) approved on Thursday,
3 July, the draft (PROJETO DE LEI) Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of
Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea. The draft Convention will be presented to the General Assembly
for conclusion later in 2008.

Since 2002, UNCITRAL’s Working Group on Transport Law has been working in close cooperation
with interested international, inter-governmental and non-governmental organizations to prepare a
legislative text on issues relating to the international carriage of goods. The draft Convention was
prepared over thirteen sessions from April 2002 to January 2008, and was submitted for the
approval of UNCITRAL in New York.

The Convention on Contracts for the (TRANSPORTE INTERNACIONAL TOTAL OU PARCIAL DE

MERCADORIAS) International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea aims to create a modern
and uniform law concerning the international carriage of goods which include an international sea
leg (TRAJETO MARÍTIMO), but which is not limited to port-to-port carriage of goods. In addition to
providing for (PARA PROMOVER A SUBSISTÊNCIA PARA) modern door-to-door container
transport, there are many innovative features contained in the draft Convention, including
provisions (CLÁUSULAS, CONDIÇÕES) allowing for electronic transport records (REGISTRO),
and other more technical features to fill the perceived (NOTADAS) gaps in existing transport
regimes. Extensive negotiation by the Member States and observers of the Commission has
resulted in overwhelming (ESMAGADOR, SUFOCANTE) support for a significant increase to the
limits on carrier (TRANSPORTADOR) liability (REPONSABILIDADE) for cargo loss or damage that
apply in most countries. This is expected to be of substantial benefit for shippers, particularly those
in developing and least-developed countries, which are consumers of transportation services. It is
expected that harmonization and modernization of the legal regime in this area, which in many
countries dates back to the 1920s or earlier, will lead to an overall (TOTAL) reduction in
transaction costs, increased predictability when problems are encountered (ENCONTRADO,
ENFRENTADO), and greater commercial confidence (CONFIANÇA) when doing business
internationally.

Internet: <www.uncitral.org> (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the items below

21 UNCITRAL approved a final paper dealing with the international carriage of goods. E
22 UNCITRAL present interest involves public and private sectors. C
23 Previous legislation failed to include a suitable uniform treatment concerning the international
carriage of goods. C
24 The present Convention lacks provision concerning the electronic transport records. C
25 A huge increase to the limits on carrier legal responsibility for goods loss or damage will bring
about a considerable benefit particularly to developed and underdeveloped countries. E
26 Nowadays, the prevailing legal regime (REGIME LEGAL PREDOMINANTE) is rather (ATÉ
CERTO PONTO) up-to-date (ATUAL) in a lot of countries. E
27 The new convention is supposed to derive (OBTER) at least three new benefits. C
28 In the text, “issues” (R.11) means points in question. C
29 The word “overwhelming” can be replaced by suffocating. C

TEXTO 02:
Brazilian tourism welcomed 2008 by celebrating a record: US$ 4.953 billion entered the country’s
economy through the expenditures of nearly five million foreign tourists that chose Brazil as their
destination last year.

The Watercolor Plan – International Tourist Marketing, a study aimed at helping Brazil better
promote itself a global tourist destination, challenges us to reach US$ 7.7 billion of tourism income
and 7.9 million international visitors in 2010.

According to a recommendation from the Watercolor Plan, the United States is considered a
market of “extremely high priority” in our effort towards international promotion. This does
not happen by chance: the US is the second largest sender of tourists to Brazil (only after
neighboring Argentina), having been responsible for 14.4% of the international visitors’ total flow in
2006.

Our main promotional message will continue to emphasize the rich diversity of Brazil’s natural and
cultural heritage, as well as the happiness and lifestyle of the Brazilian people. Besides the
“Discover Brazil” concept (which focuses on five segments promoted overseas — Sun and Beach,
Ecotourism, Sport, Culture, and Business and Events), niches such as gastronomy, luxury,
adventure, afro-ethnic, and GLBT tourism also gain a special promotion in the US market.

According to the 2006 International Tourist Demand, the American tourist is the one that spends
the most in Brazil, both for leisure (US$ 145.1/day) and on business US$ 202.8/day), staying an
average of 17 days. Americans also show an extremely high rate — 96.5% — of intention to return,
surpassing the general average of 86% shown by surveys on the Watercolor Plan. Brazil is a
destination that keeps its visitors coming back, and it has its arms open to receive more and new
American tourists.

Internet: <www.brazilcham.com> (adapted).

According to the text above, it can be said that

29 never before has tourism been so successful as it is now. C
30 American tourists spent more than US$ 4 billion in Brazil last year. E
31 the Watercolor Plan – International Tourism Marketing will certainly make Brazil reach 7.9
million international tourists in 2010. E
32 Argentinean tourists who visited Brazil represented 14.4% of the international total flow in 2006.
E
33 as before Brazil main attraction will lie in its multidiversified aspects. C
34 Brazilian areas of trade are particularly attractive to American tourists. C
35 Brazil present aim is to attract more and new American tourists. C
36 the word itself (R.6) is a demonstrative pronoun. E

37 American people spend a lot of money in Brazil when traveling. C

FBI identifies US kidnap accused

The FBI has used fingerprint testing to confirm the identity of a father accused of
kidnapping his London-based daughter in the US.

It believes Clark Rockefeller, 48 - accused of abducting Reigh Boss, seven - is Christian

Gerhartsreiter.

LA police had earlier said he was thought to be the German national, also "of interest" to officers
over the 1985 disappearance of a couple in the US.

Mr Rockefeller's lawyer said his client had little memory of pre-1993 events.

The FBI said it had now matched fingerprints from old immigration papers of Mr Gerhartsreiter to
the suspect who called himself Clark Rockefeller. The prints were taken from papers dating back
to the 1980s and matched with a wine glass touched in late July - around the time he is accused
of abducting his daughter - as well as prints taken by Baltimore police after his arrest on 2 August.

Last week a spokesman for the LA County sheriff's department said the accused had been a
"person of interest" in the disappearance in San Marino, California, of Jonathan and Linda
Sohus, from whom he had rented a guesthouse in the 1980s.

Skeletal remains believed to be those of Mr Sohus were unearthed at the couple's property in
1994. No charges have ever been filed in the case. The accused has said he now recalls living in
the guesthouse at the time of the couple's disappearance and also remembered using the name
Christopher Chichester, while living in California.

Fingerprint = impressão digital

Kidnapping = sequestro
Abduct = sequestrar
Match = assemelhar
Skeletal = esqueleto
Remain = permanence, continua
Unearthed: desenterrado
Charge = acusação, denúncia

1 It can be inferred from the text that the kidnapper has changed his identity. C
2 The text states that Clark Rockefeller is the same person as Christian Gerhartsreiter. C
3 It can be deduced that the FBI found out about the same identity by searching marks in old
documents and comparing them with other marks left on some glasses. C
4 According to a LA policeman the accused had also vanished with a couple, from whom he had
hired a house in 1980’s. C
5 It seems like the accused has lost his memory. C
6 The word abducting has the same meaning as kidnapping. C
7 The word unearthed in the first line of the last paragraph is the same of burry. E

INTERPOL statement concerning the murder of a US citizen in Beijing

BEIJING, China -- The Chinese Ministry of Public Security has confirmed the name of the person
who murdered a US citizen and attacked two others accompanying (ACOMPANHANTES) the
victim today around 12 noon local time at Drum Tower in Beijing, China. The murderer was
identified as Tang Yongming, aged 47, a resident of Zhejiang province which is located in the
southeastern (SUDESTE) part of China. He committed suicide immediately after the attack by
eaping (SALTANDO) to his death from the tower where the murder occurred. He had apparently
recently divorced and had not been seen within (DENTRO DOS) the last two months by his
relatives.

INTERPOL has already conducted (FEZ) a name check of Tang Yongming against its databases
of more than 178,000 individuals, including over 12,000 suspected terrorists. Tang Yongming’s
name is not contained (NÃO ESTÁ CONTIDO) in any INTERPOL database. INTERPOL has also
sent out an urgent request to all of its 186 member countries to conduct a similar name check
against their national databases. Finally, INTERPOL will ask whether (SE) his name is known to
INTERPOL’s global network of counter-terrorism experts (ESPECIALISTAS EM
NEUTRALIZAÇÃO DO TERRORISMO).

With regard to (COM RELAÇÃO A) providing additional support to Chinese law enforcement
authorities (AUTORIDADES QUE FAZEM CUMPRIR A LEI), INTERPOL has offered to conduct an
urgent comparison of Tang Yongming’s fingerprints and DNA profile (PERFIL) against
INTERPOL’s other databases. (BANCO DE DADOS)

'Although Tang Yongming committed suicide following this brutal murder, INTERPOL’s ongoing
interest (INTERESSE EM ANDAMENTO) is of course to determine whether (SE) there is any link
between Tang Yongming’s murder of a US citizen and terrorist activity or other organized criminal
activity targeting (PROCURANDO – TENDO COMO ALVO) citizens of any of the 204 countries
participating in the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics,' stated INTERPOL Secretary General Ronald
K. Noble.

'So far, (ATÉ ENTÃO) our database check and preliminary analysis suggest that today’s murder-
suicide was an isolated, though (EMBORA) brutal, murder of one person and assault (ATAQUE,
ASSALTO) on two others accompanying the victim, but our investigation to determine whether
there are any international or organized crime links continues,' added Secretary General Noble.
It can be gathered from the text:
1 there was a light crime during the last Olympic Games. E
2 Chinese authorities are concerned about the link between the crime and terrorists. C
3 Up to now, no proofs were found connecting the killing with terrorists. C
4 The victim was by himself when he was attacked. E
5 The word targeting means looking for. C
6 INTERPOL hasn’t got a list of DNA’s. E
7 Ongoning interests in paragraph 4 can be replace by present interests. C

Brazilian court poised to rule on land clash (CONFRONTO)

By Jonathan Wheatley in São Paulo

Published: August 27 2008 03:00 | Last updated: August 27 2008 03:00

Brazil's Supreme Court is expected to rule (DECIDIR) on Wednesday in a case pitting

(COMPETINDO) indigenous people against rice farmers on the country's northern borders.

The case has big consequences for indigenous land rights (DIREITOS TERRITORIAIS), while
analysts and campaigners (VETEERANOS) argue it also has implications for national security and
the survival of the Amazon rainforest.
The court will decide whether (SE) the Raposa Serra do Sol Indian reservation in the northern
Amazonian state of Roraima, on Brazil's border with Venezuela and Guyana, should be maintained
as one continuous area or divided into separate "islands".

The reservation, which occupies about 1.7m hectares of land - an area the size of Kuwait - is home
to about 18,000 Amazonian Indians living in about 200 villages.

Many analysts have argued that keeping the reserve intact would present a threat (AMEAÇA) to
national security, as the indigenous populations would have near autonomy over a large area of
frontier territory.

But supporters (PARTIDÁRIOS) of the indigenous peoples say the army's ability to operate
(A ABILIDADE DO EXÉRCITO PARA OPERAR) is unaffected by the reservation (NÃO É
AFETADA PELA RESERVA) and that those wanting to break it up (AQUELES QUE QUEREM
QUEBRÁ-LA ESTÃO AGINDO EM) are acting on spurious (FALSAS BASES ECONÔMICAS)
economic grounds.

The reservation was proposed in the late 1970s, delineated in the early 1990s and signed into law
by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in 2005. Since the 1970s it has also been occupied by
ranchers (RANCHEIROS, FAZENDEIROS), wildcat (ILEGAIS) miners and, more recently, rice
farmers. Many of its non-Indian residents have recently been relocated and compensated by the
government.

But an attempt (TENTATIVA) by federal police in April to remove a group of rice farmers present
since the early 1990s resulted in violent clashes, and the Supreme Court ordered the police to
suspend its operation pending (PENDNETE) a ruling (DECISÃO) on the legality of the reserve.

The president of the Supreme Court said Wednesday's ruling would act as a precedent for future
rulings.

It can be concluded from the text:

1 the Suprem Court has already ruled the conflict. E

2 the fight involves among indigenous other different kind of people. C
3 the region that is being in argument is boarded by Brazil, Venezuela and Guyana. E
4 if the land is given to the indigenous the Brazil’s autonomy will be threated. C
5 the size of the land is compared to a country. C
6 there are more than 200 Indians village in the claimed area. E
7 the reservation was created in the 1970’s.E
8 some of its residents has already been placed in different areas. C
9 the removed people didn’t receive a compensation from the Government. E
10 although the Federal Police went into the area to pacifically take out some farmers, that attempt
ended up in a serious fight. C
11 the Supreme Court ordered the Federal Police to bear their operation. C
12 the rule, that the Court will take, will be considered as a base to many other conflicts. C
13 Wednesday is a day of the week that comes right after Tuesday. E

INTERPOL praises (ELOGIA) operation to rescue Ingrid Betancourt and other FARC
hostages (REFÉNS) and calls for continued efforts to free remaining captives (CATIVOS)
LYON, France – The operation conducted by Colombian authorities on 2 July which led (LEVOU)
to the rescue of Ingrid Betancourt and 14 other FARC hostages after many years in captivity
(CATIVEIRO) has been praised by INTERPOL. The world’s largest police organization also called
on (PEDIU) the world community to continue devoting (DEDICANDO) the same amount of effort in
ensuring (ASSEGURANDO) the safe release (SEGURA LIBERTAÇÃO) of all FARC hostages.

Kidnapped in February 2002 while campaigning for the Colombian presidency, Ingrid Betancourt
was the highest-profile captive (CATIVA DE MAIS ALTO GABARITO) among the estimated 700
people currently held by the FARC.

INTERPOL Secretary General Ronald K. Noble said the result was a major victory in the struggle
(LUTA, BATALHA) against the FARC waged (EMPREENDIDA) by Colombia and other countries
for more than 40 years.

“The successful liberation of Ingrid Betancourt, three US citizens and 11 Colombians, including
four police officers, is the latest in a series of events which will hopefully in time be seen as a key
turning point in the fight against terrorism in the region,” said Secretary General Noble.

In relation to the text can be concluded that:

1 Ingrid Betancourt is a important well known captive. C
2 INTERPOL thought the operation was a great success. C
3 INTERPOL is the tinniest police organization all over the world. E
4 the captives were released under seriously violence. E
5 Ingrid was intending to be the highest governor of Colombia when she was arrested by the
group. C
6 FARC is a kind of terrorist group. C
7 the words struggle and waged in line 10 can be respectively replaced by battle and under taken .
C
8 the battle against the Farc is being held for more than three decades. C
9 Several countries support Colombia in the fight against FARC. C

Lula suspends Brazil spy chiefs

Brazilian intelligence chiefs have been suspended from duty (DO TRABALHO) amid (EM
MEIO A) allegations that their agency tapped (GRAMPEARAM) the phones of top officials,
politicians and judges.

President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva ordered that the agency's leadership be removed while an
investigation into the reports was carried out (CUMPRIDA, LEVADA A CABO).

The accusations surfaced (FORAM CAPA) in a news magazine at the weekend, prompting
(PROVOCANDO A OPOSIÇÃO A REQUERER) opposition calls for an inquiry (INVESTIGAÇÃO).

Wiretaps (GRAMPOS EM LINHAS TELEFÔNICAS) are common in Brazil, but the latest reports
have raised concerns (PREOCUPAÇÕES). Veja magazine alleged that senior figures
(PERSONAGENS IMPORTANTES), including President Lula's chief of staff (CHEFE DE
PESSOAL) and the head of the Senate, had had their phones bugged (GRAMPEADOS) by the
intelligence agency, known as Abin. The magazine published what it said was the transcript of a
telephone conversation between the head of the Supreme Court, Gilmar Mendes, and an
opposition politician, Demostenes Torres.

The agent, who was said to have provided the transcript, alleged that such illegal phone tapping
was common.

Rule of law (ESTADO DE DIREITO)

President Lula was outraged (INDIGNADO COM AS MATÉRIAS) by the reports, his spokesman
(PORTA-VOZ) said, and held (CONVOCOU) urgent meetings with Mr Mendes and members of
Congress.

A statement (DECLARAÇÃO VINDA DO GABINETE DO PRESIDENTE) from the president's office

said Abin's director general (O DIRETOR GERAL DA ABIN), Paulo Lacerda, and other top officials
(DIRIGENTES) were being removed from their posts until an inquiry (INVESTIGAÇÃO) was
completed.

Although it requires authorisation from a judge, phone tapping is common in Brazil, and
conversations of businessmen and politicians under police investigation routinely surface
(APARECEM) in the local media. But the latest reports have raised concerns over wiretaps to a
new level.

"There is a complete lack (FALTA) of control in the state apparatus (APARATO ESTATAL)," Mr
Mendes said.
Some opposition politicians demanded (REQUERERAM) a full inquiry, saying the alleged spying
(ESPIONAGEM ALEGADA) was an attack on Brazil's democracy. "The rule of law (O ESTADO
DIREITO FOI QUEBRADO has been broken, the credibility of our democratic institutions has been
damaged," (A CREDIBILIDADE DAS NOSSAS INSTITUIÇÕES DEMOCRÁTICAS FORAM
DANIFICADAS) said Senator Jose Agripino of the DEM Party.

The text states that

1 the chief of the Brazil’s intelligence must not go to work according to the President’s ruling. C
2 there were some tapped phones among the state’s institutions. C
3 “carried out” in line 2 can be replaced by “accomplished” without changing the meaning of the
sentence. C
4 “inquiry” in line 4 is the same as “inquisition”. E
5 wiretaps in line 6 can be translated to Portuguese as “Grampos em linhas telefônicas”.C
6 Abin had to postpone all their operations and investigations as a result of the President Lula’s
requirement. E
7 the call of some important people was published by the media. C
8 Lula was overwhelmed with all the scandal. C
9 Tapping use requires a justice authorization. C
10 It is unusual in Brazil to have out of law phone tapping. E
11 The rule of law has been affected the credibility of the country. C
12 “phones bugged” in line 8 is not the same as “phones tappings”. E

Chavez takes over fuel transport

By James Ingham - BBC News, Caracas

Venezuela's parliament has approved a new law giving the state a majority share (MAIOR
COTA) in the distribution of fuel.
President Hugo Chavez said the measure was needed to stop intermediary firms from profiting
(LUCRANDO) from high oil prices. They will now have a limited role (PAPEL) in transporting fuel to
the country's petrol stations.

This is the latest in a series of state takeovers (TOMADA DE POSSE) of private companies by
Venezuela's socialist government, including major US oil companies.
Venezuela's national energy company will now control almost all elements of the huge oil industry.
Exploration and refining is already handled (MANUSEADA) by the state, with some involvement of
private partners.

But until now, the transport of petrol was in the hands of dozens of private firms, including some
major multinationals. President Hugo Chavez said they were making money at the country's
expense.

Nationalisation
Many transport operators will be forced to sell their businesses to the government or face
expropriation.

Critics have suggested the huge state company won't distribute petrol as efficiently as private
firms. But the government has promised an improved service with regular deliveries to the most
remote corners of Venezuela. It has also said the measure will help stop the illegal smuggling
(CONTRABANDO) of the country's very cheap fuel across the border to Colombia and Brazil.

The move (O MOVIMENTO) is part of a wider policy that has seen most key sectors of the
economy pass into the state's hands. It is one of the controversial pledges (PROMESSAS) of
President Chavez, who has promised that the government can benefit the nation if it runs more of
the country's businesses itself.

It can be understood from the text:

1 the draft about distribution of fuel is still being discussed in Congress. E
2 the price of the oil was too low according to what the President stated. E
3 Private companies were getting a lot of money over the sell of oil. C
4 From now own only Public Companies will have the authorization to transport petrol. E
5 There has been a movement of privatization in Venezuela. E
6 The state will be as efficient as the private companies in distributing the petrol. E
7 “illegal smuggling” in line 17 can be translated by “contrabando”. C
8 According to the President if the state manages more of the counties’ business there will be a
great improve in the country itself. C

Brazil hands 'drug baron' to US

The alleged leader (O ALEGADO LÍDER DE UM DOS MAIS PORDEROSOS CARTÉIS DE
DROGAS) of one of Colombia's most powerful drug cartels has been extradited to the US by
Brazil.

Juan Carlos Ramirez Abadia was handed over (ENTREGUE) to the US Drug Enforcement Agency
in the city of Manaus and flown out of the country on a US government plane.

Mr Abadia, known as Chupeta or Lollypop, was captured in Brazil last year and sentenced to 30
years in jail. US prosecutors (MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO) accuse him of smuggling
(CONTRABANDO) more than 500 tons of cocaine into the US and of routinely killing his rivals.

Mr Abadia is alleged (ALEGADO) to have been a key member of the Norte del Valle cartel, which
is accused of sending huge amounts of cocaine to the US and Europe, and laundering the
proceeds (LAVAGEM) in Brazil.

Fear for life

The BBC's Jeremy McDermott says that the Brazilian government had been keen to extradite Mr
Ramirez Abadia amid (EM MEIO DA) evidence that he was continuing to run a criminal empire
from behind bars.

He was flown before dawn from a prison in central Brazil to the Amazon region jungle city of
Manaus, where he was handed over to the DEA. (US DRUG ENFORCEMENT
ADMINISTRATION).

The spokesman (PORTA VOZ) added that Mr Abadia was being flown to New York City in a US
government plane. He also said that the Brazilian government had sought assurances
(PROCUROU GARANTIAS) from US officials that they would not seek the death penalty
(BUSCAR A PENA DE MORTE) before agreeing to extradite Mr Abadia (ANTES DE ACEITAR A
EXTRADIÇÃO DO ABADIA).
Mr Abadia had actively sought (PROCUROU) extradition to the US, where he is wanted for drug-
trafficking, money-laundering (LAVAGEM DE DINHEIRO), raketeering and 15 murder charges,
partly because he is said to fear for his life in Colombia. In January, he offered to hand over
millions of dollars if the extradition process went ahead quickly.

The US state department once estimated Mr Abadia's personal wealth to be $1.8bn, and several
luxury properties he owned in Brazil were put up for public auction (HASTA PÚBLICA).

Mr Abadia has been accused of involvement in the illegal drugs trade since 1986. He surrendered
to (ENTREGUE A) a Colombian court in 1996, but was released from prison in 2002. He said he
had moved to Brazil because he feared he might be killed by a rival cartel, and insisted he was not
involved in drug-trafficking. But in April, he was convicted of money laundering (CONDENADO
POR LAVAGEM DE DINHEIRO), gang formation and corruption after being arrested at a luxurious
hideaway (ESCONDERIJO) in the city of Sao Paulo with more than $2m in cash.

RAKETERING: A PERSON WHO COMMITS CRIMES SUCH AS EXTORTION, LOANSHARKING,

BRIBERY (SUBORNO), AND OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE (OBSTRUÇÃO DA JUSTIÇA) IN
FURTHERANCE (PROSSECUÇÃO) OF ILLEGAL BUSINESS ACTIVITIES.
It can be inferred from the text that:

1 “Juan Carlos Ramirez Abadia was handed over” means that the person was “given away”. C
2 the baron of drugs had a funny nickname, that is a kind o sweet. C
3 Mr Abadia was blamed for carrying and selling illegal drugs and also for the murder of many
people. C
4 Norte del Valle Cartel has nothing to do with the USA. E
5 Even when in prison, it seemed that Mr. Abadia was still controlling the crime. C
6 Abadia left Brazil on an American plane which flew to the Amazon region, where he was given
away to the US Drug Enforcement Administration. C
7 If Mr. Abadia goes back to Colombia he will get death penalty. C
8 Mr. Abadia has never been arrested before. E

Colombia's conflict spares (PRESERVA, POUPA, PROTEJE) forest

14 May, 2008
By Hernando Salazar, BBC Mundo correspondent in Colombia

The Amazon Paradox

The armed conflict in Colombia is protecting the 447,000 sq km of the country's Amazonian
territory against the more serious threat (AMEAÇA) of migration and widespread economic projects
(PROJETOS ECONÔMICOS QUE SE EXTENDEM POR VASTAS ÁREAS), experts have told the
BBC.
The Amazon region in Colombia sees frequent skirmishes (ESCARAMUÇAS – COMBATES DE
POUCA IMPORTÂNCIA) in the Amazon region between the army and the guerrillas - and is also
where 35% of the Colombian coca plantations are.
But Carlos Rodriguez, the Director of Tropenbos International, told BBC Mundo that the conflict is
ultimately (NO FINAL DAS CONTAS) of benefit to the Amazon, as it "stops anyone coming in."

"Who's going to go into the jungle in the middle of a war?" he added. According to Dario Fajardo, a
former director of the state-run Institute of Amazon Studies (INSTITUTO DE ESTUDOS
AMAZÔNICOS GERENCIADO PELO GOVERNO), Sinchi, urbanisation is "without doubt" the main
threat to the Amazon region.

Public protection

Almost a million of Colombia's 42 million inhabitants live in the Amazon region, which represents a
third of the country's territory.

Mr Fajardo warned that there is a growing pressure on the population of the Amazon region
because of the arrival of people who are being displaced from other areas of the country - a
phenomenon occurring particularly in the main towns and the smaller villages.

As well as migration, oil and gold mining are also threats to the Colombian Amazon region, which
accounts for between five and eight percent of the total forest. Constant battles and coca
plantations are behind (POR TRÁS DE) much damage. But with ongoing conflict (CONFLITOS EM
CURSO), extraction of these materials becomes much more difficult.

However, Dr Rodriguez warned that Colombia "cannot rely on clear public policies on Amazonia
which take into account cultural, environmental and local social issues - they only think in terms of
economic exploitation. (EXPLORAÇÃO)"

"We enjoy good legislation and constitutional guarantees, but the problem is the application of the
policies," he added.

This desire for economic expansion is seen as a greater threat (AMEAÇA MAIOR), with the
Amazon region being threatened (AMEAÇADA) by the increased growing of industrial crops like
the African palm (PALMEIRA AFRICANA).

In all some 2,000 sq km (EM TODOS OS CERCA DE) of the Colombian Amazon region are
subject to deforestation each year, for a number of reasons. While some are legal, others are
linked to the production of coca plants, and their subsequent processing into cocaine.

It can be understood from the text that

1 Although the conflicts are violent, they have been protecting the area from entering there. C
2 In one way, the battles are good to Amazon forest. C
3 Amazon forest occupies half of Colombia’s area. E
4 Dario Farjado, in paragraph 4, is still at the direction of the institute which studies Amazon. E
5 “without doubt” (line 3, paragraph 4) means with no questions. C
6 Colombia population is more than a million. E
7 There are worthy laws, however they are not implemented. C
8 Cutting of trees is always legal in the spoken region. E
Brazil government 'worst logger' (PIOR MADEIREIRO)
Brazil's government has been named as the worst illegal logger of Amazon forests by one
of its own departments.

The Environment Ministry (O MINISTÉRIO DO MEIO AMBIENTE) has drawn up (REDIGIU) a list
of the 100 worst offenders and says all of them will be charged. (SERÃO COBRADOS)

Topping the list was the Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform (Incra), a government
department which distributes land to the poor. The revelation came after an official report revealed
that deforestation in the Amazon region was gathering pace. (GANHANDO RÍTMO).

The six largest deforested areas since 2005 all belonged to Incra, Environment Minister Carlos
Minc said. In total 550,000 acres of the world's largest rainforest was destroyed on those six
properties.

Greenpeace has accused Incra officials of illegally handing over (ENTREGA ILEGAL) rainforest to
logging companies (MADEIREIRAS) and creating fake settlements (FALSOS ASSENTAMENTOS)
to skirt (bular) environmental regulations.

But Incra's president, Rolf Hackbart, said all the areas cited by Mr Minc as being deforested by his
department were areas legally settled (LEGALMENTE ASSENTADAS) between 1995 and 2002.

'Terrible result'

Mr Minc told a news conference he would take legal action against all of the loggers.

Meanwhile (ENQUANTO ISSO), official data released (DOCUMENTOS OFICIAIS LIBERADOS)

by Mr Minc showed a renewed increase in the rate of deforestation. (NOVA SUBIDA DA TAXA DE
DESMATAMENTO)

About 760 sq km (300 sq miles) of the Amazon was destroyed last month, compared with 230 sq
km in August 2007.

"It was a terrible result," Mr Minc said.

He blamed expanding cattle (CULPOU A EXPASÃO DE CRIAÇÕES DE GADO) and farm activity
(E ATIVIDADES FAZENDEIRAS), as well as land theft through the falsification of property titles.
(ALÉM DE ROUBO DE TERRAS ATRAVÉS DA FALSIFICAÇÃO DE TÍTULOS DE
PROPRIEDADE).

The environment minister said he would create an environmental police force with 3,000 armed
officers to help combat deforestation.
1 “logger” from the title is the same as people who takes care of the forest. E
2 The offenders won’t pay the damage caused. E
3 The last news is that the deforestation is speeding up. C
4 Incra is the owner of the bigger deforested areas. C
5 Amazon is a rainforest. C (FLORESTA TROPICAL)
6 Incra’s president agrees with Environment Minister stated. E
7 “Meanwhile” in line 16 can be replace by “while” without changing the meaning of the sentence.
C
8 The area deforested this August has doubled comparing to last year’s. C
9 The Minister created a environmental police force. E

World media review: US bail-out failure (AFIANÇA SEU FRACASSO)

Newspapers across the world have been largely critical of US lawmakers' (LEGISLADORES)
rejection of the planned $700bn to stabilize the American economy. Many warn that the
move may have dire consequences. (MUITOS ALERTAM QUE A MUDANÇA PODE TER
CONSEQUÊNCIAS DEVASTADORAS).

Steven Pearlstein in the WASHINGTON POST

The basic problem here is that too many people don't understand the seriousness (SERIEDADE)
of the situation.
Americans fail (FALHAM) to understand that they are facing the real prospect (ENFRENTAR A
PERSPECTIVA REAL) of a decade of little or no economic growth because of the bursting (POR
CAUSA DO REBENTAMENTO) of a credit bubble (DE UMA BOLHA DE CRÉDITO) that they
helped create and that now threatens to bring down the global financial system. (E AGORA
CORRE O RISCO DE ACABAR COM O SISTEMA FINANCEIRO MUNDIAL).
Politicians worry less about preventing (SE PREOCUPEMA MENOS EM PREVINIR) a financial
meltdown (UM COLAPSO FINANCEIRO) than about ideology (DO QUE SOBRE IDEOLOGIA),
partisan posturing (POSTURA PARTIDÁRIA) and teaching people a lesson (E DAR ÀS PESSOAS
UMA LIÇÃO). Financiers have yet to own up publicly to their own greed, arrogance and
incompetence. (FINACIADORES TÊM QUE CONFESSAR PUBLICAMENTE, SUA PRÓPRIA
GANÂNCIA, ARROGÂNCIA E INCOMPETÊNCIA.
And leaders of foreign governments still think that this is an American problem and that they have
no need to mount similar rescue efforts in their own countries. (NÃO HÁ NECESSIDADE DE
MONTAR ESFORÇOS SEMELHANTS EM SEUS PAÍSES) In the coming weeks and months, all
of these people will come to understand how deep the hole really is and how we're all in it together.
Reading the text above you can understand that
1 The situation described in the text is bleak. C
2 Not only Americans, but also people from all over the world believe that there won’t be a real
crash in the financial system. E
3 In the last ten years there was an economic increase in the USA’s economy. E
4 The governors aren’t bothering about get prepared to a collapse. C
5 Other countries’ politicians aren’t worried, because it is not their business, but only American’s. C
6 All the world will have a big surprise in the next days. C

This text refers to items from 16 through 25.

1 Japan and Korea are outstanding markets (MERCADOS PROJETADOS) in terms of the world’s
advances in cellular telephony, where multimedia applications have surged into feverish popularity
(POPULARIDADE FEBRIL). Users in these countries have demanded (EXIGIRAM) velocity and
high quality data transmission — such as images, videos and sounds — as the principal distinctive
features for the cellular telephone. Although the industry in Brazil is not yet experiencing the same
phase as in the Asian countries, innovative third generation services, aligned with (ALINHADO
COM) world-class technology (TECNOLOGIA DE CLASSE MUDIAL), are already present, with
data transmission speeds of up to 2.4 Mbps.

In fact, in some cases, Brazil has held multimedia application launches simultaneously with the
United States, tremendously increasing the economic and digital inclusion that cellular telephony
has fomented (FOMENTARAM) in recent years. The heavy impact of mobile communication on
Brazilian society can be measured by the expansion of the customer base (BASE DE CLIENTES),
which has been growing at historic rates of 30% a year and now serves over 50 million customers.
In other words, four out of every ten Brazilians have a cellular telephone.

The importance of mobile telephony has already surpassed that of the traditional fixed telephone
system, because the cell phone actually fulfills (CUMPRE, SATISFAZ) the function of taking
communication to all levels of the population. Its widespread network (VASTA REDE) has opened
gateways to regions that formerly (ANTERIORMENTE) had not been benefited by the
implementation of a fixed telephone system, such as, for example, many rural areas that are now
mobile telephone customers.

The responsibility that cellular telephony carries as an instrument for transforming people’s lives
tends to increase enormously in the short term. In Brazil, third generation CDMA 3G EVDO service
is already offered and is able to provide handheld resources (RECURSOS AO ALCANCE), similar
to CD, DVD and TV, anywhere and at any time, based on Qualcomm's cutting edge CDMA
technology (TECNOLOGIA DE PONTA).

Internet: <www.wirtel.co.uk> (with adaptations).

Based on the text above, judge the following items.

16 Japan and Korea are the two most important countries as far as mobile telephony market is
concerned. E
17 All that Japanese and Korean peoples request in cellular telephony are images, video and
sound. E
18 In terms of cellular telephony, Brazil is far behind the two Asian countries mentioned in the text.
E
19 There are cases when Brazil and USA have launched multimedia applications at the same
time. C
20 Six out of ten Brazilians don’t have a cellular phone yet. C
21 The mobile phone system aims at reaching every Brazilian social class. C
22 Cellular phones have substituted for the fixed telephone system. E
23 The more people use the cellular telephony the more responsibility it takes. C

In the text,
24 “In fact” (R.12) means As a matter of fact. C
25 “is already offered” (R.33) can be replaced by has already been offered without changing the
meaning. E