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But policy and technological developments of the past few decades have
very high increases in cross-border trade, investment, and migration.
Many observers believe that the world has entered a qualitatively new
phase in its economic development. For example, since 1950, the volume
of world trade has increased by 20 times, and from just 1997 to 1999
flows of foreign investment nearly doubled, from $468 billion to $827
billion. Distinguishing this modern form of globalization from earlier
ones,
analyzers have said that the modern form of globalization is very faster,
easier, farther cheaper and developing.
This modern form of globalization has been driven by new policies that
have made drastic change in economies at domestic level and
international level. As we can see, during the past two decades, many
governments have adopted free-market economic systems, increasing
their own productive potential and creating new opportunities for
international trade and investment.
Governments also have made very major reductions in export duties and
have done international agreements to promote trade in goods, services,
and investment. Corporations are taking advantage of new opportunities
in foreign markets and building foreign factories, production plants and
marketing arrangements with foreign partners.
Technology is another principal aspect of globalization. New inventions
in information technology, have dramatically transformed economic life.
The improved flow of information alone would have had a
dramatic effect on economies and societies. Information
technologies have given all type of individual economic actors like
consumers, investors, businesses, valuable new tools for identifying and
grasping economic opportunities, including faster and more analytical
analyses of market trends around the world, easy transfers of assets, and
collaboration with partners who are staying at a very long distances.
To find the right balance between benefits and costs associated with
globalization, citizens of all nations need to understand how globalization
works and the policy choices facing them and their societies