Work, Energy, and Power

Work, Energy, Power

So far we have examined the motion of objects through:

Newtons Laws Force and Mass to determine an objects acceleration.

Work, Energy, Power

Motion will be explored from the perspective of work and energy.

What are the effects that work has on the energy of an object? In order to understand this work-energy approach to the analysis of motion, it is important to rst have a solid understanding of a few basic terms.

Work, Energy, Power

Mechanical Energy Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Power

Work

The problems on momentum, were they a lot of work?

Work is done when an object moves in the direction of the force applied.

Work

Applying a force does not always result in work being done.

Pushing on a wall. Pulling an 18-wheeler.

Work

The unit of work is Joules (J). Work is equal to the product of the force applied to an object and the distance the object travels.

What does that mean in math terms?

Work = (Force applied to and object)(Distance object travels) W=Fd

Work

Would you do more work on a car by pushing it up a long road to reach the top of a hill or by using a cable to raise the car up the side of a cliff to the top of the same hill?

Work

Work

Power

So actually how fast is the work being done?

That is centered around Power Power: The rate at which energy is transferred.

Power

Power is the quotient of work by time.

What does this mean mathematically? P = W / t (Notice it is a capital P, not lowercase) or P = (F d) / t

Power

The unit of power is expressed in J/s.

J /s also gets its own special name. Watt

1 Watt (W) = 1 J/s 50 J of work in 5 seconds = 10 J/s or 10 Watt

or 10 W (This W is a unit so it means Watt, not WORK)

Power

Which side has the greater amount of work? Which side has the greater amount of power?

Power

Example 1: If it takes you 10s to do 150 J of work on a box to move it up a ramp, what is your power output? Example 2: A light bulb is on for 12 s, and during that time it uses 1,200 J of electrical energy. What is the wattage (power) of the light bulb?

Energy

What is energy?

Energy is the ability to do work.

Energy

How do energy and work help you play tennis?

Just like work, energy is expressed in Joules (J).

Mechanical Energy

Mechanical energy is the energy that is possessed by an object due to its motion or due to its position.

Combines two different types: Kinetic and Potential.

Kinetic Energy

Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion.

All moving objects have energy. Kinetic energy can be used to do work.

Kinetic Energy

Kinetic Energy is half of the product of an objects mass and its squared velocity.

What does that mean mathematically? KE = (mv^2)/2

Based on this formula, which has a greater impact on KE....

More mass or more velocity?

Kinetic Energy

Example 1: What is the kinetic energy of a car that has a mass of 2,400 kg and is moving at 20 m/s? Example 2: What is the kinetic energy of a 4,000 kg elephant that is running at 2 m/s? at 4 m/s? How do the two kinetic energies compare with one another? Example 3: What is the kinetic energy of a 2,000 kg bus that is moving at 30 m/s? Example 4: What is the kinetic energy of a 3,000 kg bus that is moving at 20 m/s?

Kinetic Energy

So with all this talk about Joules (J), what is a Joule anyways?

It is a measure of energy/work. Without a reference you can never know if 250J is a lot or if it is a small amount.

1J is about what is needed to lift an apple 1m. Average serve of a tennis ball, 75J. Single fast ball, 120J.

Potential Energy

Potential Energy is the energy an object has because of its position.

Potential Energy

Gravitational Potential Energy - Energy given to an object due to gravity.

GPE = Weight(N) height(m)

Your end units will be Nm(Nm) or Joules(J).

Potential Energy

Example 1: What is the gravitational potential energy of a cat that weighs 40 N standing on a table that is 0.8 m above the ground? Example 2: What is the gravitational potential energy of a diver who weighs 500 N standing on a platform that is 10 m off the ground? Example 3: What is the gravitational potential energy of a diver who weighs 600 N standing on a platform that is 8 m off the ground?

Potential Energy

What recreational activity do you think GPE is very critical?