Genetics and Heredity Vocab & Tip Sheet

The word or concept Allele Dominant The help A version of a gene. For example, eye color can have two alleles - brown and blue versions. You generally carry 2 versions of a gene one from your mom, and one from your dad. The version of the gene (or allele) that over powers the other version. For example, brown eye color is dominant over blue. Therefore, if one parent has brown eyes and the other has blue, its very likely that the child will have brown eyes (thats not always the case, but it will work while learning this). Dominant is always given an uppercase so the brown allele is written B. The allele that is over powered by the dominant version. For example, blue eyes are recessive to brown. Recessive is always given a lowercase so the blue allele is written b. RULE: The recessive allele always gets its letter from the dominant allele. For example, dominant yellow (Y) vs. recessive green (y) dont change it to a g! When neither of the alleles is dominant over the other. You end up seeing both alleles. For example, when some alleles mix they are both expressed. Well come back to this when we look at blood types (someone can be both A & B). The alleles truly mix. For example, a red flower (Rr) and a white (rr) flower can produce pink (Rr) flowers. Hetero means different. For example, someone who has brown eyes but carries both alleles (so he is Bb) is considered heterozygous for brown eye color different alleles. Homo means same. For example, someone who has brown eyes but carries two copies of the same allele (so he is BB) is considered homozygous for brown eye color. Homozygous for blue would be bb. Homozygous for brown would be BB. What would Bb be? Heterozygous. Think genes. This is the information found from the genes. So all this business about BB, Bb, bb are all examples of genotypes. This is what you see as a result youll hear it called expressed. If bb is the genotype, the phenotype is blue eyes on a person. If Bb is the genotype, the phenotype is brown eyes. If BB is the genotype, the phenotype is brown eyes.

Recessive

Co-dominance

Incomplete dominance

Heterozygous

Homozygous

Genotype

Phenotype

Genetics and Heredity Practice

These are the questions that you should answer halfway through the video. The teacher will pause the video while you work on these with your neighbors. Refer to the Genetics and Heredity Vocab & Tip Sheet for help on vocab and for simple examples.

1.

A coin is flipped four times and comes up heads each time. What is the probability that the next coin flip will come up heads?

Info for questions 2-6: Round (R) is dominant over wrinkled (r). Yellow (Y) is dominant over green (y). 2. Classify the following as heterozygous or homozygous: a. RR b. Rr c. yy d. YyRR 3. What is the phenotype of the following: a. Yy b. Rr c. yy d. YyRr 4. What is the probability of Rr x Rr producing wrinkled seeds?

5.

What is the probability of Yy x yy producing green seeds?

6.

What is the probability that RrYy x RRYy would produce RrYy?