International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL 0976 6545(Print), ISSN

N 0976 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October December (2012), IAEME & TECHNOLOGY (IJEET)

ISSN 0976 6545(Print) ISSN 0976 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October - December (2012), pp. 80-88 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijeet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2012): 3.2031 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com

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A REVIEW ON CURRENT SOURCE INVERTER FED AC DRIVES AND MULTILEVEL CURRENT SOURCE INVERTERS: PART -1: CSI FED AC DRIVES
Vinesh Kapadia1 and Dr.Hina Chandwani2 1 Research Scholar at CHARUSAT, Changa, Gujarat & Assistant Prof. Dept of E.C., VBTIT & RC, Umrakh, Bardoli, Gujarat, India
2

Associate Professor, Dept of Electrical Engineering, The M.S.University of Baroda, Vadodara, India E-mail id: - be_049_11_head@gtu.edu.in, hinachandwani@gmail.com

ABSTRACT This paper (part-1) presents an overview of the development of Current Source Inverter (CSI) fed AC Drives. Majority of the AC Drives are based on voltage source inverters, however for high power, current source inverter fed ac drives do have their advantages. The various developments that have taken place of more than a decade have been presented. The stages of developments and recent trends have also been accounted for and a convergence on the future scope of work along with the second paper (part-2) on combining both domains (multilevel current source inverter) has been concluded. Index Terms-- AC Drives, Current Source Inverter (CSI), Induction Motor, PMSM, PWM, THD, Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) I. INTRODUCTION VOLTAGE source inverters are very common and in wide use in ac drives. Though the current source inverter dates back to earlier than 1988, but was not as widely used as compared to a voltage source inverter (VSI). An approach here is made to show the advances in CSI fed ac drives . It later on has been concluded that there remains scope of work for CSI fed PMSM drives.

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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 6545(Print), ISSN 0976 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October December (2012), IAEME

II.

ADVANCES IN CSI-DRIVES

TABLE I Advancements in CSI fed AC Drives Title A modified current source inverter (MCSI) for a multi induction motor drive system A Current-Source-Inverter-Fed Induction Motor Drive System with Reduced Losses A vector-controlled PWM current-sourceinverter-fed IM motor drive with a new stator current control method A novel CSI-fed induction motor drive Reference IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics Vol. 3, No. 1, Jan 1988 IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications, Vol. 34, No. 4, July/August 1998 IEEE Transactions On Industrial Electronics, Vol. 52, NO. 2, APRIL 2005 IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics, Vol. 21, No. 4, July 2006 IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications, Vol. 42, No. 3, May/June 2006 IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics Vol. 24, No. 4, APRIL 2009 IEEE 12th Workshop Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL), 2010 IECON - 36th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2010 IEEE 8th International Conference, Power Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE & ECCE), 2011 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC), 2011

Low-Cost Current-Fed PMSM Drive System With Sinusoidal Input Currents Load-Commutated SCR Current-SourceInverter-Fed Induction Motor Drive With Sinusoidal Motor Voltage and Current Boost mode test of a current-source-inverterfed permanent magnet synchronous motor drive for automotive applications High Power CSI-Fed IPM drive System Control with Minimum DC-Link Current A current controller design for current source inverter-fed PMSM drive system Power Factor Compensation for CSC-fed PMSM Drive Using d-axis Stator Current Control

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Before the year 2000, not much work was done on CSI fed drives however in 1988 A modified current source inverter for a multi induction motor drive system [1] was explored in ource which the shortcomings to drive only one induction motor was overcome and had the following features: 1. Simple structure, only six thyristors 2. Strong commutation capabi capability 3. Lower peak voltage across the commutation capacitors 4. Ability to drive multiple induction motors 5. Easy overcurrent protecti owing to large dc link choke protection

Fig-1 Fig Modified Current Source Inverter After a decade, A Current-Source Source-Inverter-Fed Induction Motor Drive System with Reduced tion Losses [2] was proposed: In which a CSI based ac induction motor drive topology with a CSI-based supplemental CSI modulation index control loop was evolved. The control strategy alloweds the operation of the inverter at constant modulation index in steady state, regardless of the load constant speed and torque. The strategy achieves this goal by minimizing the steady steady-state dc-link current. In addition to the inherent advantages of the CSI topology

Fig-2 Control scheme of proposed ac CSI drive incoporating modulation index control for 2 reduced losses (motor control uses the V/f scheme)
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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 6545(Print), ISSN 0976 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October December (2012), IAEME

The scheme added the following advantages: 1. fixed and reduced motor voltage distortion. 2. minimized dc-bus and switch conduction losses 3. elimination of motor circuit resonances through instantaneous output voltage control. After 2004, further work was carried out and A vector-controlled PWM current-sourceinverter-fed induction motor drive with a new stator current control method [3] was proposed in which the control of the PWM-CSI-fed induction motor in the rotor-flux-based reference was discussed. New methods for compensating the error between the reference and measured value of the stator current caused by the load filter and for damping the stator current oscillations, when the stator current references are changed, without feedback variables were presented. The proposed control methods enabled the elimination of the stator current sensors.

Fig-3 Control system of the PWM-CSI fed induction motor drive Afterwards A novel CSI-fed induction motor drive [4] was evolved, which experimentally demonstrated the motor drive with sinusoidal motor current and voltage waveforms.

Fig-4 Functional block diagram of proposed CSI fed drive The proposed drive resulted in near sinusoidal motor current and voltage waveform in the
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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 6545(Print), ISSN 0976 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October December (2012), IAEME

entire speed range of the drive including low speed because of the uniform filtering action of the active filter, moreover the conventional motors could have been retrofitted w with the proposed drive. In 2006 a Low-Cost Current Fed PMSM Drive System With Sinusoidal Input Currents [5] Cost Current-Fed was proposed. Here a new current source drive topology for supplying a PMSM was presented . current-source . A drive topology structure with a PWM three three-phase buck rectifier at its input and to supply a PMSM with a simple load-commutated thyristor inverter. It was possible to minimize the commutated smoothing dc inductor and potentially integrate it into a new type of machine under development. In addition, having a PWM rectif as the front-end unit in utility interfaced rectifier end systems offered benefits such as improved quality of power drawn from the ac system and sinusoidally shaped input currents. The poorer output drive characteristics due to the six six-step inverter operation and incapability of precise positioning and speed control were justified ncapability because the drive system was intended to be used in lowcost HVAC applications or the appliance industry

Fig Proposed low - cost PMSM drive Fig-5 After four years Load-Commutated SCR Curr Commutated Current-Source-Inverter-Fed Induction Motor Fed Drive With Sinusoidal Motor Voltage and Current [6] was proposed , in which the VSI current is controlled to continuously adjust the commutation margin of the SCRs in the CSI. The size of the capacitor used is very small and operation without capacitor is also possible.

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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 6545(Print), ISSN 0976 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October December (2012), IAEME

Fig-6 Functional block diagram of the proposed load commutated CSI-fed Induction motor drive Because of the presence of current loops, vector control is implemented and it is ensured that active power is always sourced by the CSI. An experimental prototype was developed , the results showed the feasibility of the control strategy. The scheme is suitable for large power (multiples of megawatt) applications. Till date, in 2010 Boost mode test of a current-source-inverter-fed permanent magnet synchronous motor drive for automotive applications [7] was proposed and a lab- prototype was developed. By using a dc-dc converter together with the CSI,the output voltage of the CSI can be boosted. The modified field oriented control scheme for this CSI PMSM drive was explained and tested in real-time control. The modeling and experimental results show the CSI can drive the motor to rated speed even at reduced dc source voltage levels.

Fig-7 CSI-fed PMSM drive for HEV In the same year High Power CSI-Fed IPM drive System Control with Minimum DC-Link Current [8] was presented, in which, a control scheme for CSI fed IPM drive with dc-link current reduction strategy was proposed. The control scheme was based on FOC control with magnet rotor flux orientation. The dc-link current minimization strategy consists of maximum modulation index control and optimal stator current angle control methods. The maximum modulation index control was first employed by fixing the CSI inverter modulation index at ma=1. The dc-link current was further reduced by using a novel stator current angle algorithm.

Fig-8 Block diagram of proposed current source inverter fed IPM drive and its FOC control
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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 6545(Print), ISSN 0976 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October December (2012), IAEME

scheme With the proposed control strategy, the drive semiconductor (switches) loss and dc-link inductor loss can be reduced for a wide motor speed range. The effectiveness was first verified by Matlab simulation results for high-power medium-voltage motor parameters. Then, experimental prototype of 10 kW IGCT based current-source drive with interior permanent magnet motor was used to verify the theoretical analysis and the simulation results. To validate the effect of the proposed strategy, the results of the proposed strategy were compared with Maximum Torque Per Ampere control scheme in both simulation and experiment. Both simulation and experimental results have drawn same relation in term of the dc-link current minimization for a wide speed range. A couple of years later A current controller design for current source inverter-fed PMSM drive system [9] which proposed the current controller design of CSI-fed PMSM drive system in order to attenuate resonance due to the LC filter. Basically, the CSI-fed drive system was modeled as a 2nd order system.

Fig-9 Block diagram of CSI-fed a PMSM Hence a multi-loop current controller design using a pole/zero cancellation method was proposed with a transfer function matrix. To compensate the cross-coupling term, two types of controller were implemented using different decoupling method. Additionally, active damping methods were proposed to enhance the stability of the system. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed current controller, computer simulation and experiment have were performed. In the same year, Power Factor Compensation for CSC-fed PMSM Drive Using d-axis Stator Current Control [10] was presented in which A control scheme for PWM CSC-fed PMSM drive system with input power factor compensation has been proposed. Unlike previous power factor compensation schemes, the proposed approach is based on the motor d-axis stator current control in the field oriented control of the drive system and does not require online modulation scheme for the rectifier and/ or the inverter. As a result, Selective Harmonic Elimination modulation patterns can be implemented on both rectifier and inverter to minimize drive switching losses. The effectiveness of the proposed method is first verified by Matlab simulation for a high-power medium-voltage motor. Then an experimental prototype of 6.5 kW
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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 6545(Print), ISSN 0976 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October December (2012), IAEME

IGCT based current-source drive with IPM motor is used to verify the theoretical analysis and the simulation results. Results have shown that with properly designed filter capacitors, the proposed d-axis stator current can effectively regulate the inputpower factor to be unity in the entire speed range.

Fig-10 High power medium voltage current - source fed PM drive III. CONCLUSION After a thorough review and studying the various papers along with the existing developments in CSI fed AC Drives there is scope for further work that can be carried out on CSI fed PMSM drives, The final conclusion is drawn in conjunction with part-2. The parameters of the drive can be optimized and an improvement in the performance of the drive can be obtained. IV. REFERENCES [1] Bin Wu, S.B. Dewan, and Paresh C.Sen, A modified current source inverter (MCSI) for a multi induction motor drive system, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics Vol. 3, No. 1, Jan 1988, pp. 10-16. [2] Jose R. Espinoza and Geza Zoos, A Current-Source-Inverter-Fed Induction Motor Drive System with Reduced Losses, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 34, No. 4, July/August 1998, pp. 796-805. [3] Mika Salo and Heikki Tuusa A Vector-Controlled PWM Current-Source-Inverter-Fed Induction Motor Drive with a New Stator Current Control Method IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 52, No. 2, April 2005, pp. 523-531 [4] Abdul Rahiman Beig, and V. T. Ranganathan, A Novel CSI-Fed Induction Motor Drive, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 21, No. 4, July 2006, pp 1073-1082. [5] Velimir Nedic, and Thomas A. Lipo, Low-Cost Current-Fed PMSM Drive System With Sinusoidal Input Currents, IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications, Vol. 42, No. 3, MAY/JUNE 2006, pp 753-762. [6] Debmalya Banerjee and V. T. Ranganathan Load-Commutated SCR Current-SourceInverter-Fed Induction Motor Drive With Sinusoidal Motor Voltage and Current, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics Vol. 24, No. 4, April 2009 , pp 1048-106,. [7] Lixin Tang and Gui-Jia Su Boost Mode Test of a Current-Source-Inverter-Fed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive for Automotive Applications, IEEE 12th Workshop Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL), 2010
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[8] Ehsan Al-nabi, Bin Wu Vijay Sood Jingya Dai High Power CSI-Fed IPM Drive System Control with Minimum DC-Link Current, IECON 2010 - 36th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, pp 857-863. [9] Hak-Jun Lee, Sungho Jung, and Seung-Ki Sul A Current Controller Design for Current Source Inverter-Fed PMSM Drive System, IEEE 8th International Conference on Power Electronics - ECCE Asia ), May 30-3 June, 2011, pp 1364-1370. [10]Ehsan Al-nabi, Bin Wu, Navid Zargari and Vijay Sood Power Factor Compensation for CSC-Fed PMSM Drive Using d-axis Stator Current Control 2011 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC) Niagara Falls, ON, Canada, 15 May - 18 May 2011 pp. 753-758.

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