B1 Drugs

All Levels

52 minutes 52 marks

Page 1 of 8

M1.

(a)

any three from: water allow breathing / oxygen / carbon dioxide

ions / minerals / salts allow sodium / chloride, other ions neutral temperature allow heat blood sugar heart rate blood pressure ignore urea
3

(b)

contraceptive drug
1

fertility drug
1

(c)

(i)

eg nicotine, alcohol, cocaine, heroin, painkillers, tranquilisers, LSD allow cannabis / weed or other alternative names allow tobacco ignore smoking / ecstasy
1

(ii)

alters body chemistry or craving / needing / dependence allow psychological dependence

1

withdrawal symptoms on stopping allow withdrawal described allow feel ill without it
1

[8]

M2.

e.g. tobacco; alcohol (allow any drug) each for 1 mark

[2]

Page 2 of 8

M3.

(a)

substance 1 nicotine
1

effect causes addiction to smoking accept has a vasoconstricting effect

1

substance 2 carbon monoxide

1

effect replaces oxygen in the bloodstream accept for either: substance tar effect causes cancer
1

(b)

(i)

4000 2200
1

= 1800
1

(ii)

when smoking goes up, cancer goes up

1

when smoking goes down, cancer goes down

1

there is a time lag of about 20 years

1

[9]

M4.

(a)

because there is insufficient data for line graph

1

(b)

injection with no testosterone

1

(c)

performance of testosterone group improved more than that of placebo group

1

quantitative figure given eg about 4 times greater

1

(d)

(no) there was a significant improvement after 6 weeks allow significant improvement after 3 weeks
1

[5]

Page 3 of 8

M5.

(a)

because there is insufficient data for line graph

1

(b)

injection with no testosterone

1

(c)

performance of testosterone group improved more than that of placebo group

1

quantitative figure given eg about 4 times greater

1

(d)

(no) there was a significant improvement after 6 weeks allow significant improvement after 3 weeks
1

[5]

M6.

(a)

(i)

tobacco / nicotine / alcohol accept solvent / glue / caffeine ignore cigarettes / coffee
1

(ii)

cannabis / heroin / cocaine allow eg crack / weed / ecstasy / LSD / amphetamine / speed / steroids / GHB
1

(b)

(i)

heroin / cocaine / tobacco / nicotine ignore alcohol / cigarettes / cannabis / caffeine / coffee
1

(ii)

alters body chemistry ignore withdrawal symptoms / craving ignore non-chemical effects on nervous system
1

Page 4 of 8

(c)

any two from: increase in cannabis smoking increases (%) depression greater effect in women allow women become more depressed depression linked with / not directly caused by cannabis ignore cannabis causes depression not all cannabis smokers get depression
2

[6]

M7.

(a)

(i)

using drugs for pleasure / to make you feel good / to reduce stress allow not for medical use
1

(ii)

any two from: drug contains addictive chemical / names drugs alter body chemistry cause withdrawal symptoms owtte ignore craving uses drug frequently or uses a lot of the drug or needs more drugs
2

(b)

(i)

(no) only leads to cocaine use or only leads to 1 class A allow (yes) leads to cocaine ignore reference to uptake of class B drugs
1

Page 5 of 8

(ii)

(using) class B drugs / named class B

1

(each / named type B drug) can lead to use of 2 class A drugs / 2 named class A drugs or most +s for class A drugs opposite class B drugs mark the two answers independently
1

[6]

M8.

(a)

any two from: birth mass / growth reduced smoke contains carbon monoxide ignore references to poison blood carries less oxygen / fetus receives less oxygen do not accept harder for fetus to breathe
2

(b)

(i)

it may cause mental illness

1

it may be a gateway drug to more harmful substances three answers max 1 three answers max 0
1

(ii)

it is less addictive than amphetamines, tobacco or alcohol

1

it is not associated with major sociological problems three answers max 1 four answers max 0
1

[6]

Page 6 of 8

M9.

any five from: maximum 4 marks if no conclusion pros eg maximum three pros used teenage rats as equivalent to human teenagers THC dose typical of human cannabis smoking habits used control group rats allowed to choose amount of heroin

cons eg sample size small / only used 12 rats ignore cruelty heroin administration very different from human situation

conclusions rats given THC / cannabis took more heroin (this) is evidence for a link between THC / cannabis and heroin (but) rat behaviour / physiology not necessarily same as human behaviour / physiology does not prove link in humans allow results not reliable for humans
[5]

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