Meghan

Kingsley Annotated Bibliography Gender plays a significant role in every day life and the way in which men

and women conduct themselves. Men and women are encouraged to conform to various social norms and portray themselves in ways that are acceptable to society. In my paper I decided to specifically explore feminism the ways intelligent young women portray themselves online. By analyzing the Facebook pages of young women attending prestigious undergraduate universities, I try to understand how feminism is conveyed online and the reasons why. This topic is really interesting because Facebook can serve as a lens through our societal emphasis on gender roles can be viewed. Bevan, Jennifer L. "A Picture Is Worth A Thousand Words: A Content Analysis Of Facebook Profile Photographs." Computers In Human Behavior27.5 (2011): 1828-1833. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Nov. 2012. The author of this article, Jennifer L. Bevan, is a professor in the Department of Communication Studies at Chapman University in California. The focus of this article is the examination of identity construction and gender roles by studying profile pictures of male and female undergraduate students. In this case, the audience is undergraduate college students because the study focuses on their behaviors on Facebook and how their identities are constructed through their usage of the site. This article asserts that there are distinct differences in primary goals and creating positive impressions or identities between the different genders (Bevan, 1830). These differences are reflected in the attributed focus of their profile pictures. The

article argues that male profile pictures are more focused on his face and head, and female profile pictures are more focused on the entire body (Bevan 1830). This article offers a plethora of usages for my paper because it addresses undergraduates and it contrasts male and female presentation on Facebook. It also gives me insight into how to critically examine parts of the Facebook profiles when I study young womens pages. This source connects with a lot of my other sources because its wide in scope and connects many ideas.

Denner, Jill, and Jacob Martinez. "Whyville versus MySpace: How Girls Negotiate Identities Online." Girl Wide Web 2.0: Revisiting Girls, the Internet, and the Negotiation of Identity. By Sharon R. Mazzarella. New York: Peter Lang, 2010. 203-21. Print. The authors of this section of Girl Wide Web 2.0: Revisiting Girls, the Internet, and the Negotiation of Identity., Jill Denner and Jacob Martinez, used work funded by the National Science Foundation and had extensive references for their work on Whyville versus MySpace. The intended audience of this work is young girls and parents to educate them on how the internet can play an integral role of the negotiation of their identities. Denner and Martinez assert that Girls learned what is expected of them in virtual spaces, and the way that girls enacted, contested, or parodied conventional femininity(206). Therefore, girls present themselves online in a certain way because of social norms. Despite whether or not its conscious, young girls conform to what is expected of them, and this is reflected in their online identities. In this work the main argument stems from comparing two different

types of social media sites and their different effects on young girls in their daily lives, however, many of the ideas presented in this work can be applied to young women and their online identities. Despite the fact that the work does not specifically reference Facebook, the key idea of identity management online and the use of the internet to understand what it means to be a girl still is extremely applicable (214). This source differs from other sources that I found because its primary focus is on middle-school girls, whereas most of my other sources focus on undergraduates because thats the group Im focusing on specifically. However, this work is useful to my paper because it lays out the footwork for me to be able to critically analyze how women portray themselves online and why. Kalpidou, Maria, Dan Costin, and Jessica Morris. "The Relationship Between Facebook And The Well-Being Of Undergraduate College Students."Cyberpsychology, Behavior & Social Networking 14.4 (2011): 183- 189.Academic Search Premier. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. Maria Kalpidou, Dan Costin, and Jessica Morris all belong to the Psychology Department at Assumption College in Worcester, Massachusetts. The focus of their article is the correlation between self-esteem, college adjustment, and Facebook. In their results they found that first year students spent more time on Facebook, while less upperclassmen did. In their study they also found that the number of Facebook friends could possibly hinder academics, and could result in low self-esteem. It argues that Facebook can cause increased feelings of loneliness because they can see what their high school friends are doing, but cant be there. The intended audience

of this paper is college undergraduates because the data is based off their Facebook actions and its consequences. This article gives a different perspective because it compares first year students to upperclassmen relative to Facebook. However, this article doesnt focus on the ways in which identity is managed online, it focuses more on the online usage. Therefore, the usefulness is not as high as some of my other articles, but the perspective on the differences in first year students versus upperclassmen can provide insight into what I observe when I look at Facebook profiles. Manago, Adriana M., Tamara Taylor, and Patricia M. Greenfield. "Me And My 400 Friends: The Anatomy Of College Students' Facebook Networks, Their Communication Patterns, And Well-Being." Developmental Psychology 48.2 (2012): 369-380. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Nov. 2012. Adriana Manago, Tamara Taylor, and Patricia M. Greenfield are all professors in the Department of Psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles. This article concentrates on college students and the effects Facebook has on them and their socialization. It argues that Facebook has encouraged emotional disclosure, via status updates, and has caused a major change in our view of intimacy because its shared with a much wider group on Facebook. It also discusses the impact Facebook has on college students keeping in touch with high school friends, self-esteem, and happiness. Unlike my other articles, this article does not address gender. However, I still think this is a valuable source because of the insight it gives on college students and their identities and usage of Facebook. This article adds the new dimension of

social support and communications role in college students lives because of Facebook. The existence of Facebook has changed college students psychology and added new possibilities for psychological growth. Mehdizadeh, Soraya. "Self-Presentation 2.0: Narcissism And Self-Esteem On Facebook." Cyberpsychology, Behavior & Social Networking 13.4 (2010): 357- 364. Academic Search Premier. Web. 26 Oct. 2012. "Self Presentation 2.0: Narcissism and Self-Esteem on Facebook" was written by Soraya Mehdizadeh, from the Department of Psychology in York University in Toronto, Canada. This article is about narcissism and the effect of Facebook on self- esteem. The audience for this paper is most likely psychologists, or simply those interested in the internet's effect on psychology, so it would be open to all interested in the internet and its effects. The study undergone about narcissism, self-esteem, and Facebook studied 50 males and 50 females and then saw great differences between the two groups. The overall purpose of the paper was to investigate whether or not narcissism affects the uses of Facebook, and their results found this to be true. This will be useful for my paper because it shows the difference between how men and women present themselves. However, it doesnt really address all males and females, it seems to concentrate on narcissistic ones. This source offers a different aspect of Facebook in that it discusses the idea of narcissism and the differences in narcissistic males portrayal and females portrayal on Facebook.

Rose, Jessica, Susan Mackey-Kallis, Len Shyles. "Face It: The Impact Of Gender On Social Media Images."Communication Quarterly 60.5 (2012): 588- 607. Academic Search Premier. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. Jessica Rose is a marketing and communications professional in the Greater Philadelphia area, Susan Mackey-Kallis is an associate professor in the Department of Communication at Villanova University, and Len Shyles is also an associate professor in the Department of Communication at Villanova University. In this article, the authors analyzed gender stereotypes present in Facebook images. They found that in mens pictures the most common traits included active, dominant, and independent (585). In womens pictures the most common traits included attractive and dependent (585). These stereotypes found in Facebook images reflect gender stereotypes present in todays society. This article differs from some of the others because the study was conducted randomly and does not focus on a certain group, such as undergraduates, like some of my other articles. However, this source offers interesting insight in how Facebook can serve as a way to observe commonly known gender stereotypes. The article gives a great deal of emphasis to the fact that when a trait is perceived as masculine or feminine, men or women are more likely to feel comfortable showing that trait in a public forum. This article is very useful to me because it is the most extensive in showing gender differences reflected on Facebook, and gives important background regarding socialization and identity management based on gender.