Area of Circle

In order to measure an arc, we find its degree measure. If we have to measure

two circles with different radii, it will be found that degree measure of each is the
same, that is, 360o . If the two circles are concentric, that is, they have the same
centre, the degree measure in each case will again be 360o . But are they
congruent? The answer is no. By observing the two concentric circles, we can
easily say that the outer circle is bigger and the inner circle is smaller. Then how
to find the size of a circle accurately? For this we need to know the circumference
of a circle.

The perimeter or the length of the boundary, of a circle is known as its

circumference. If we draw some circles with different radii and measure their
circumference accurately with a thread, it will be found that the ratio

Circumference
= cons tan t
di ameter

This constant is denoted by a Greek letter π (pronounced as ‘pi’). Let ‘ C ’ be the

circumference and ' d ' be the diameter of a circle. Then

C
=π
d

or C = π d

or C = π (2r ) ( Since d = 2r )

or C = 2π r = π d

The value of π correct up to six places of decimal in 3.11592. Archimedes found

that the value of π lies between 310 and 3 1 . Aryabhhat, a great Indian
71 7
62832
Mathematician of ancient times, gave a very correct value of π as in hrs
20000
Ganit book ‘Aryabhatiyam’.

W. Shanks, in late nineteenth century, spend twenty years calculated the value of
π up to 707 decimal places. Unfortunately, it was later found to be incorrect at
the 528th place. Now, using computers, the value of π has been found up to 10000
figures. Since, π is non-terminating and non-recurring decimal, therefore, it is an
22
irrational number, we take the value of π as or otherwise it is stated.
7

Formulae for Circle, Sector, Segment and Ring

1. Circle

We take the radius of a circle as ‘ r ’

a. Area of circle = π r 2

b. Circumference of a circle = 2π r

c. Diameter = d = 2r

2. Semicircle and quadrant

1 2
a. Area of semi circle = πr
2

b. Perimeter = π r + 2r

1 2
c. Area of quadrant = πr
4

3. Sector of a circle

Let a o be the angle subtended by an arc AB of a circle. Then

a
a. Length of arc AB = × 2π r
360

a
b. Area of the sector OACB = ×π r2
360

aπ r
c. Perimeter of the sector = 2r +
180

4. Segment of a circle

a. Area of minor segment (shaded portion of figure)

 a
= × π r 2 -area of the corresponding triangle
360

b. Area of the major segment (un-shaded portion of the circle)

= Area of the circle – area of the minor segment

5. Ring

Area between two concentric circles

Area of ring = π ( R 2 − r 2 ) where R is the radius of the outer circle and r is the
radius of the inner circle

6. Wheel Movement

a. Distance moved by a wheel in one revolution = Circumference of the wheel

Dis tan ce
moved
b. Number of revolution made in covering a given distance =
Circumference

7. Clock Hand’s Movement

a. Angle described by minute’s hand of a clock in 60 minutes = 360o

b. Angle described by hours hand of a clock in 24 hours = 360o

SOLVED PROBLEMS

1. The radius of a circular field is 154m. Find its circumference and area.

Sol:

We know that the circumference of a circle = 2π r

Here r = 154m

22
Therefore, Circumference = 2 × ×154
7
= 2 × 22 × 22

= 968m

Since area of a circle = π r 2

22
Therefore, Area of the given circular field = × 154 × 154 = 74536m 2
7

2. A circular roads run round a circular garden. If the circumferences of the

outer circle and the inner circle are 110 and 88 m respectively, find the width of
the road.

Sol:

Let the radius of the other circle = R m

and the radius of the inner circle = r m

Therefore, 2π R = 110 and 2π r = 88

22 22
or 2 × × R = 110 and 2× × r = 88
7 7
 7 7
or R = 110 × 2 × and r = 88 × 2 ×
22 22

35
or R = m and r = 14 m
2

35 35 − 28 7
Now width of the road = R − r = − 14 = = m
2 2 2

7
Therefore, Width of the road is m
2

3. The diameter of a wheel of a car is 63 cm. Find the distance traveled by the
car if the wheel makes 1000 revolutions

Sol:

Distance covered in 1000 revolutions = 1000 x circumference

22
= 1000 × 2 × × 63
7

= 39600cm

396000
= m
100

= 3960m

Therefore, Distance covered by the car in 1000 revolution = 3960 m

4. The radii of two circles are 6 cm and 8 cm. The area of the third circle is
equal to the sum of the areas of the two circles. Find the radii of the third
circle.

Sol:

We know that the area of a circle = π r 2

Now, radius of the first circle = 6 cm

 22 792 2
Therefore, The area of the first circle = π r 2 = × 6× 6 = cm
7 7

Radius of the second circle = 8 cm

22 1408 2
Therefore, The area of the second circle = π r 2 = ×8×8 = cm
7 7

According to the question, area of the third circle

792 1408 2200 2

= + = cm
7 7 7

2200 2
Hence the area of the third circle = cm
7

Now, let the radius of the circle = R cm

2200
Therefore, π R 2 =
7

22 2200
or × R2 =
7 7

2200 7
or R 2 = ×
7 22

or R 2 = 100

or R = 100 = 10cm

Therefore, Radius of the third circle is 10 cm

5. Find the area of a sector of 72o in a circle of radius 14 cm.

Sol:

a
We know that the area of the sector of a circle = ×π r2
360

Here a = 72o and r = 14cm

 a 72 22 616 2
Therefore, Area of the sector = ×π r2 = × ×14 ×14 = cm
360 360 7 5

6. Find the area of the segment of a circle whose central angle is 60o and the
radius of the circle is 14 cm

Sol:

We know that the area of a segment = Area of the sector – area of the
corresponding triangle

a
Therefore, Area of the segment OACB= × π r 2 -area of Triangle OAB
360

60 22
= × × 14 ×14 - area of Triangle OAB
360 7

308
= - area of Triangle OAB … (1)
3

Now, in Triangle OAB,

OA=OB (Radii of the same circle)

Therefore, Triangle OAB is an isosceles triangle

Hence, ∠OAB = ∠OBA (Base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal)

Now, in Triangle OAB

∠AOB + ∠OAB + ∠OBA = 180o (Angle sum property of triangle)

60o + ∠OAB + ∠OAB = 180o ( Since ∠OAB = ∠OBA )

60o + 2∠OAB = 180o

2∠OAB = 180o − 60o

2∠OAB = 120o

120o
∠OAB =
2

∠OAB = 60o

Now in Triangle OAB

∠AOB = ∠OAB = ∠OBA = 60o

Therefore, Triangle OAB is an equilateral triangle

3
Area of an equilateral triangle = ( side) 2
4

3
= (14) 2
4

3
= ×14 × 14
4

= 49 3cm 2

Substituting the value in (1), we have

 ⎛ 308 ⎞
Area of segment OACB = ⎜ − 49 3 ⎟ cm 2
⎝ 3 ⎠

7. Find the perimeter and area enclosed by the shaded region in figure 9-6

Sol:

The whole figure is divided into three semi-circles

1. Semi circle ABC

2. Semi circle CDE

3. Semi circle EFA

(a) Perimeter

The perimeter = portion ABC + portion CDE + portion EFA

7
Now radius of portion ABC is cm
2

Radius of portion CDE is 7 cm

 7 + 14 21
Radius of portion EFA is = cm
2 2

7 7π
Therefore, Perimeter ABC = π × =
2 2

Perimeter CDE = π × 7 = 7π

21 21
Perimeter EFA = π × = π
2 2

7 21
So, total perimeter = π + 7π + π
2 2

7π + 14π + 21π
=
2

42π
=
2

= 21π

22
= 21×
7

= 66 cm

(b) Area

Total area under the figure = Area of semicircle CDE + Area of semicircle CFA –
Area of semicircle ABC

π (7) 2 π ⎛ 21 ⎞ π ⎛7⎞
2 2

= + ⎜ ⎟ − ⎜ ⎟
2 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 ⎝2⎠

49π 441π 49π

= + −
2 8 8

196π + 441π − 49π

=
8
 637π − 49π
=
8

588π
=
8

588 22
= ×
8 7

= 231 cm 2

8. Find the area of the shaded portion in figure 9-7

Sol:

Area of the shaded portion = Area of the square ABCD – Area of the circle

22
= 142 − ×7×7
7

= 196 − 154 = 42cm 2

7
9. Figure 9-8 represents a quadrant of a circle of radius cm with centre O.
2
Calculate the area of the shaded portion

Sol:
Area of the shaded portion = Area of the quadrant – Area of Triangle AOB

1 1
= π r 2 − × OA × OB
4 2

1 2 2 7 7 1 7
= × × × − × × 2
4 7 2 2 2 2

1 5 4 7
= −
1 6 2

1 5 4 − 5 6
=
1 6

9 8
=
1 6

4 9
= c m 2

2 1
10. Two circles are drawn inside a bigger circle, with diameter rd and rd of
3 3
the diameter of the big circle. Find the area of the shaded portion, if the length
of the diameter of the bigger circle is 12 cm
Sol:

Since the diameter of the bigger circle C is 21 cm, therefore, diameter of circle B =
2
× 21 = 14cm
3

Therefore, its radius = 7 cm

1
Diameter of circle A = × 21 = 7cm
3

7
Therefore, its radius = cm
2

Now area of the shaded portion = Area of circle C – (Area of circle A + Area of
circle B)

⎛ 21 ⎞ ⎡ ⎛7⎞ ⎤
2 2

= π ⎜ ⎟ − ⎢π 7 2 + π ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎢⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦

441 ⎡ 49π ⎤
=π − ⎢ 49π +
4 ⎣ 4 ⎥⎦
 441π ⎡196π + 49π ⎤
= −⎢ ⎥⎦
4 ⎣ 4

441π 245π
= −
4 4

441π − 245π
=
4

196π
=
4

196 22
= ×
4 7

= 154 cm 2

11. Four cows are tethered at four corners of a square plot of side 28 m so that
they just cannot reach one another. What area will be left ungrazed?

Sol:

Area left ungrazed = Area of the square – Area of four quadrants

⎛1 ⎞
= 28 × 28 − 4 ⎜ × π ×14 × 14 ⎟
⎝4 ⎠

⎛ 1 22 ⎞
= 28 × 28 − 4 ⎜ × ×14 × 14 ⎟
⎝4 7 ⎠

= 784 − 616

= 168 m 2
12. In figure 9-11, O is the centre of the circle with radius 14 cm, AOB and COD
are two perpendicular diameter of the circle. Find the area of the shaded region

Sol:

Area of the shaded region = Area of the circle A + Area of the semi circle PQR –
Area of Triangle PQR
 1 1
= π 7 2 + π 282 − × 28 × 14
2 2

22 1 22 1
= × 7 × 7 + × × 28 × 28 − × 28 × 14
7 2 7 2

= 154 + 308 − 196

= 462 − 196

= 266 cm 2

13. A horse is tethered to one corner of a field which is in the shape of an

equilateral triangle of side 12 m. If the length of the rope is 7 m. Find the area
of the field which the horse cannot graze.

Sol:

Let the horse be tethered to corner C of Triangle ABC . Since Triangle ABC is an
equilateral triangle and CPQ is the sector a circle with angle 60o .

Therefore, Area of the filed that the horse cannot graze = Area of equilateral
triangle – area of the sector CPQ.
 3 a
= ( side) 2 − ×π r2
4 360

Here side of the triangle = 12 m

Angle of the sector = 60o

Radius of the circle = 7 m

3 60 22
Therefore, Required area = (12) 2 − × ×7×7
4 360 7

3 60
= × 12 × 12 − ×154
4 360

108 3 − 77 2
= m
3

14. Three horses are tethered at three corners of a triangular plot having sides
20m, 30m, and 40m, with ropes of length 7m each. Find the area of this plot
which can be grazed by the three horses.

Sol:

Let a1 , a2 , a3 be the angle of the sectors at the three vertices A, B and C

respectively

Now, radius of each sector = 7 m

Area of the plot can be grazed by the three horses = Sum of the areas of three
sectors
 a1 a a
= π r2 + 2 π r2 + 3 π r2
360 360 360

⎛ a a a ⎞
= π r2 ⎜ 1 + 2 + 3 ⎟
⎝ 360 360 360 ⎠

⎛a +a +a ⎞
= π r 2 ⎜ 1 2 3 ⎟ (Q a1 + a2 + a3 = 180o Angle sum property of triangles)
⎝ 360 ⎠

⎛ 180 ⎞
= π r2 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 360 ⎠

1
= π r2
2

1 22
= × ×7×7
2 7

= 77 m 2

15. A circle is inscribed in a regular hexagon each of whose side is 6 cm. Find
the area of the shaded portion.

Sol:
Clearly, area of the shaded portion = Area of the hexagon – Area of the circle

We know that the area of regular hexagon =

1
× perimeter of the polygon × apothem
2

1
= × 6 × 6 × 62 − 32
2

= 18 27

= 54 3cm 2 … (1)

Now, radius of the circle is the apothem of Triangle OAB = OC

= 62 − 32

= 36 − 9

= 27

= 3 3cm
 22
Therefore, Area of the circle = × (3 3) 2
7

22
= × 27
7

594 2
= cm … (2)
7

Subtracting (2) from (1), we get

594
Required area of the shaded portion = 54 3 −
7

378 3 − 594 2
cm
7

16. In figure 9-15, find the area of the shaded portion

Sol:

Area of the shaded portion = Area of semicircle ADB – (Area of quadrant OAEB-
area of right Triangle OAB ) … (1)

1
Radius of the semicircle ADB = AC = AB
2

1 2
= 7 + 72
2

1
= 49 + 49
2

1
= 98
2

7
= 2
2
 2
1 22 ⎛ 7 ⎞
Therefore, Area of semicircle = × ×⎜ 2⎟
2 7 ⎝2 ⎠

1 22 49
= × × ×2
2 7 4

77 2
= cm … (2)
2

1 22
Area of quadrant OAEB = × ×7×7
4 7

77 2
= cm … (3)
2

1
Area of right OAB = × 7 × 7
2

49 2
= cm … (4)
2

Substituting the values of (2), (3), (4), in (1), we have

77 ⎛ 77 49 ⎞
Area of shaded portion = −⎜ − ⎟
2 ⎝ 2 2 ⎠
 77 ⎛ 77 49 ⎞
= −⎜ − ⎟
2 ⎝ 2 2 ⎠

77 77 49
= − +
2 2 2

49 2
= cm
2

17. A photo frame, 24 cm long and 18 cm wide is edged with a piece of wood 2
cm wide. Find the area of wood.

Sol:

Obviously, area of the wood = Area of rectangle EFGN – area of rectangle ABCD

Now, EF = AB + 4 cm

= 24 + 4 = 28 cm

EH = AD = 4 cm

= 18 + 4 = 22 cm

Therefore, required area of the wood = 28 × 22 − 24 × 18

= 616 − 432

= 184cm 2

18. Find the area of the shaded portion of figure 9-17

Sol:

Clearly, the area of the shaded portion = Area of semicircle AC – Area of

semicircle AB + Area of semicircle BD – Area of semicircle CD + Area of
rectangle EFGH

2 2 2
⎛ 21 ⎞ ⎛7⎞ ⎛ 35 ⎞
= π ⎜ ⎟ − π ⎜ ⎟ + π ⎜ ⎟ − π (7) 2 + (7 × 5)
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠

⎛ 441 ⎞ ⎛ 49 ⎞ ⎛ 1225 ⎞
=π ⎜ ⎟ −π ⎜ ⎟ +π ⎜ ⎟ − 49π + 35
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠

⎛ 441 − 49 + 1225 − 196 ⎞

=π ⎜ ⎟ + 35
⎝ 4 ⎠

⎛ 1421 ⎞
=π ⎜ ⎟ + 35
⎝ 4 ⎠
 22 1421
= × + 35
7 4

2303 2
= m
2

7
19. Find the area of shaded region in figure 9-18 in which OT = cm , AP =
2
7
BQ=CR=DS= cm
4

Sol:

Obviously, the area of the shaded region = Area of the square ABCD – (area of
the four quadrants + area of the circle O)
 ⎡ 1 ⎛7⎞
2
⎛7⎞ ⎤
2

= 14 × 14 − ⎢ 4 × × π ⎜ ⎟ + π ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
⎢⎣ 4 ⎝4⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦

⎡ 49 49 ⎤
= 196 − ⎢ π + π ⎥
⎣ 16 4 ⎦

⎡ 49π + 196π ⎤
= 196 − ⎢ ⎥⎦
⎣ 16

⎡ 245π ⎤
= 196 − ⎢
⎣ 16 ⎥⎦

22 245
= 196 − ×
7 16

385
= 196 −
8

1183 2
= cm
8

20. In an equilateral triangle of side 18 cm, a circle is inscribed touching its

sides. Find the area of the shaded portion of the triangle

Sol:
In right triangle ABD, using Pythagorean theorem, we have

AB 2 − BD 2 = AD 2

or 182 − 92 = AD 2

Therefore, 324 − 81 = AD 2

or AD 2 = 243

or AD = 243 = 9 3cm

1
We know that in an equilateral triangle, apothem = × altitude
3

1
Therefore, OD = × 9 3 = 3 3cm
3

Thus radius of the circle = 3 3cm

22
Therefore, Area of the inscribed circle = × (3 3) 2
7

22
= × 27
7

594 2
= cm
7

3
Area of the equilateral triangle = × ( side) 2
4

3
= × 18 × 18
4

= 81 3

Subtracting the area of the circle from the area of the equilateral triangle, we have
594
required shaded area = = 81 3 −
7
 567 3 − 594 2
= cm
7
***********************************************************