Problem 1

Saturday, June 02, 2012 8:15 PM

In each of these parts, there is at least one vector that goes through the pivot. This is a force that doesn't contribute a torque. Regardless of the pivot we use, the torque has a magnitude of force perpendicular to the lever arm, times the distance from the pivot that the force is applied.

For this part, the 25 N force will give a counterclockwise torque and the 10 N force will give a clockwise torque. The net counterclockwise torque is...

Here we have a different pivot point and different lever arms. The 30 N force will give a counterclockwise torque and the 10 N force will give a clockwise torque. The net counterclockwise torque is...

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Problem 2
Tuesday, June 05, 2012 12:19 PM

The net torque is pretty straight forward on this problem. The weight is applied at a distance of the radius and perpendicular to the radial line.

When the counterweight is moving, that means the pulley is also moving. Each of these objects will contribute to the angular momentum There is a momentum times lever arm for the counterweight and There is a moment of inertia times angular velocity for the pulley.

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From part (a), we get the torque. From part (b), we get the angular momentum. We just found the relationship between torque and angular momentum.

Solving this for the acceleration...

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Problem 3
Wednesday, June 06, 2012 12:11 PM

For the two parts of the problem, here are the pivot points.

Angular momentum is found by

The moment of inertia for a disk about the center of mass (the center) is.

Because we are given the angular velocity

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Turns out we can use the same angular velocity for this part, but because of our new pivot point, we need to find a new moment of inertia. Using the parallel-axis theorem...

The angular momentum will then be

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Problem 4
Saturday, June 02, 2012 8:15 PM

The moment of inertia has now gone up. The total moment of inertia for the merry-go-round is...

Because the child hopped on radially, that means there was no torque and there will be conservation of angular momentum.

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Problem 5
Friday, October 12, 2012 4:58 PM

There is certainly angular momentum relative to the hinge because of the motion of the bullet. The door doesn't have angular momentum, but the bullet-door system does have angular momentum.

Angular momentum is given by...

The motion of the bullet is perpendicular to the lever arm so...

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Mechanical energy is not conserved because there is a perfectly inelastic collision with the door. Some energy is lost to friction when the bullet imbeds itself.

For this we can use conservation of angular momentum.

The final kinetic energy is

The kinetic energy of the bullet at the start is...

The final energy is much less than the initial energy. Mechanical energy was lost to friction.
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was lost to friction.

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Problem 6
Saturday, June 02, 2012 8:15 PM

We have two unknowns so we need two equations. Let's look at vertical forces first.

We can also use torques around the point A.

From the second equation, we can solve for U.

Plugging this into the second equation, we can solve for D.

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Problem 7
Wednesday, June 06, 2012 12:29 PM

When looking at the forces

Using the wall as our pivot, we can also look at torques.

This gives 3 equations and 3 unknowns. First let's find the normal force.

We can plug this into the second force equation to find T.

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We can put this into the torque equation to find x.

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Problem 8
Saturday, June 02, 2012 8:20 PM

From Eq (12.6), we know that Young's Modulus is the tensile strain divided by the tensile stress.

We only need to know something about the force per area for part (a).

Now we can solve Eq (12.6) for the change in length.

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Problem 9
Friday, October 12, 2012 5:00 PM

Here, the sum of the forces will equal zero...

The sum of the torques will equal zero. Here, it will be most convenient for us to use her feet as a pivot point, That way the position of the center of mass is given in our torque equation.

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Problem 10
Friday, October 12, 2012 5:00 PM

This is another problem dealing with equilibrium. The sum of forces and sum of torques is zero. Lets look at torque with respect to the shoulder first.

If Serway was nice, he would have given some angular info for Fs as well, but he didn't. It might be best just to look at components of the force and back out the magnitude.

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Problem 11
Saturday, June 09, 2012 5:07 PM

This is actually pretty straight forward and you don't need to use this approach, but I would like to show how you do this problem by using the concept of field.

Let's say that point P is our origin. The gravitational field at P is...

In part (a), we know that d = l/2. This expression then simplifies to...
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In part (a), we know that d = l/2. This expression then simplifies to...

Placing a mass in the gravitational field will give us our force.

We know that force will go to zero when the gravitational field goes to zero. If our gravitational field is...

Then it goes to zero when...

Taking the square root of both sides...

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It is asking for the distance from the larger mass and so this would be

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Problem 12
Saturday, June 09, 2012 5:07 PM

This part we have seen from the notes.

This is a standard projectile motion problem. We just have a different value of g.

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Once again, this is a standard projectile motion problem. The xcomponent of velocity is a constant.

Once again, we have an x- and y-component of velocity. The xcomponent is given in the problem and it doesn't change. The ycomponent can be found with kinematics.

The total velocity is...

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The angle below the horizontal is given through trig.

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Problem 13
Saturday, June 09, 2012 5:07 PM

From Kepler's Third Law, we know that

We are not given the radius though. We need to determine the radius by using Newton Gravitation and the acceleration from gravity.

Plugging this into Kepler 3 and solving for the period...

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Problem 14
Saturday, June 09, 2012 5:07 PM

This is a conservation of energy problem. More information can be found in the page where we talk about escape speed.

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Problem 15
Friday, October 12, 2012 5:01 PM

This is a conservation of energy problem. Near the surface of the earth, the probe has potential energy with respect to the earth. When the probe is very far away, the potential energy goes to zero.

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