NAME

CLASS

DATE

for CHAPTER 12: PARTS OF SPEECH OVERVIEW

' .

(
\

Prepositions
12f.
A preposition is a word that shows the relationship of a noun or a pronoun, called the object of the preposition, to another word.

A preposition, its object, and any modifiers of the object form a prepositional phrase. EXAMPLE The expedition traveled to a foreign land. [The preposition to shows the relationship of land, the object of the preposition, to traveled,.] A preposition that consists of two or more words is called a compound preposition.
EXAMPLE

I'lltake the red one instead of the blue one.

EXERCISE

A Underline the prepositions in each of the following sentences.

Example 1. The cat scampered up the tree. 1. Joe found a mou~e

;:::::::::::

kitchen table .. the house. trip, we can do without them.

2. If it rains, the picnic will be move~ 3. If we don't get the supplies in ~the 4. Jack and Jill tumbled Wi9the hill.
'';--

5. The first mate took command of the ship when the captain went below deck.
EXERCISE

It,

B Underline the prepositional phrases in the following sentences and circlethe prepositions. s military triumphs, Mexico and Central America were ruled @pain.

Example 1. ~Cortes'

6. In 1519, Hernando Cortes led an expeditior(YMexico. 7.~ 8. ~ command were 508 soldiers and 110 sailors. a lon_gvo~
I

he reached Mexico, where a mighty empire had been established by

the Aztecs.
9. According to historians, Cortes and his small ar~y had trouble seizing contro@')he

empire

because of the Aztecs' sophisticated military organization. 1O. Howeve~he

o I
ii'

~I@many -

enemie~~

Aztecs, Cortes conquered the Aztec empire

~1.

~ .'" 1l:
.c:
01

11. Cortes gathered his troops and dismantled every ship~. 12. He then marche~w~ the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan.

13. Several hundred Aztec chiefs escorted Cortes and his forces{fO)he city 14. An Aztec delegation carrying splendid giftswalke~
15.

"

-. .

Emperor M~ntezuma ~

An Aztec .chief setgifts&P golden ornaments ~es.

<'
J

=====-19

Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics: Language Skills Practice

NAME

CLASS

DATE

for CHAPTER 12: PARTS OF SPEECH OVERVIEW

Preposition or Adverb?
Some words may be used as either prepositions modifier and does not have an object.
ADVERB PREPOSITION ADVERB PREPOSTION

or adverbs. Remember

that an adverb is a

When they reached the bridge, they marched across. They marched across the bridge. May I come along? Ifollowed her along the path.

EXERCISE

Identify the underlined word in each of the following sentences by writing above it either PREPfor preposition or ADV for adverb. Then, on the line provided, write a sentence using the word as the other part of speech.

ADl)
Example 1. Don't just stand around gawking. Carry tnose 6uckefs of 'water around Me house tv Me firefighters. 1. You knocked my hat off!

r;.o.\v

__ __ ~, ~~~'At~ __ ~~~~~~o~t~~ )~~~-Lf~~M~'~~_~~(q~<~ _ __ __ ~~ 2. It rolled -it'JJ the porch.

T~
3. There are all sorts of bugs underneath.

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r:. ~ (~k" t ~ Lr
.
~ /rI'\

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.~.J l/,ffo1t(~f"'t
q
10-'1..9

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4. We were happy that Sam decided to corne along.

II

l'f .. q

(~

r'~

51v

12

ik
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<l> <l>

5. I'm going illsi&e to tell everyone what you did.

Q'l

2:

--C 1t\
~;1.1, 6. Go ahead.

~
s:
-c; ja

<l'
cO

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:w.p . 7. That hat never fit bn my head very well, anyway

u c
ru

~ c ~ '"
<l> c;

t s:

S ~(.

fVl.

..J.

~..(l

S'-b ~ r t- 0", .
trees.
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0::
.0

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0

8. You can see the barn right l:St1hose

1~

CtlI,

en .~

9. Will your hand fit tfu.6ttgh there?

We.
The...

"'/'t...

}Vo-..{'j/"

1O. The rabbit quickly scampered

1- e lNv'PS7 ~

~f ,--- the hill.

J 113.-

'1h.s

v
ELEMENTS OF LANGUAGE

20

I Fourth Course

NAME

CLASS

DATE

for CHAPTER 12: PARTS OF SPEECH OVERVIEW

".

"

I'

Compound Nouns and Collective Nouns

A compound noun consists of two or more words that together name a person, a place, a thing, or an idea. The parts of a compound noun may be written as one word, as separate words, or .as a hyphenated word. EXAMPLES highway,Billof Rights,brother-in-law A collective noun names a group of people, animals, or things. EXAMPLES committee,crew, family,group, herd A Identifyeach of the following words as a compound noun or a collective noun. On the line provided, write comp for compound or coli for collective.
C_O_M-,--P __

EXERCISE

Example 1. __ 1.
e,,{(
(fJ

firehouse
6.
I

community fighter pilot seafood council public

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co
t" lJ
f<

Congress

2.
3.

f'.):
i

7.
8.
9.

girlfriend fund-raiser herd username

( 0 '" I

Lo

4.

t rJ \

ul(

5.
EXERCISE

LO(/

10. __ l.C_T"---tf__

B Inthe following sentences, underline each compound noun once and each collective noun

twice. Example 1. A swarm of bees hovered around the beehive. 11. How many "players are on a team in ~eba1l?
~~~~i;e~" ~

12. My sister-in-law plays the

sWf1ll the local orchestra.

~.

13. The crowd had already sat through a two-hour speech when President Lincoln rose to read the Gettysburg Address.

-----." -

..--

14. Leslie always lapses into baby talk when she sees a litter QLkittens. . . "'::-OJ"> 15. The band included one song that sounded as if it had been recorded in an echo chamber. 16. The class presented Ms. Stockdale with a bouquet of baby's breath. 17. The 1V weatherperson explained to the audieng how a barometer works. 18. In order to get a good batch of cookies, you need to use the best 9atmeal available. 19. A school of killer whales followed in the wake of the ship. 20. The bird-watchers were awe-struck as the flock of geese lifted into the~.

-===- -

Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics: Language Skills Practice

NAME

CLASS

DATE

for CHAPTER 12: PARTS OF SPEECH OVERVIEW

'"

Pronouns and Antecedents

EXAMPLE Lian showed her dad how to use the computer program. Computers had always baffled

him.

The word or word group thata pronoun stands for is called the antecedent of the pronoun. In the sentences above, Lian is the antecedent of her, and dad is the antecedent of him.
EXERCISE A Underline each pronoun in the following sentences.

Example

1. Did you tell Dr. Garza that his special order has arrived? 2. Who wants to eat something?

1. If you didn't tell Mr. Attansio about his car, and I didn't, then who did?
~
.

---

2\.~t 3.~~t

pie has a nice flavor to it. did she say about .:

4. Nobody knows .!Eeas well as ~know myself. 5. All of us in the class wondered if anyone else was as amused by the film as we were.
.

new haircut?

6. Neither of t~m has a question about the project. 7. ~ repaired the truck ~emselves.

--

8. Although only some of the students admitted it to themselves, everyone in the class enjoyed reading the stories.

9. "These pumpkins," he said, "aren't nearly as large as those." 10. One piece of fruit will be enough for me, thank Yu.
EXERCISE B In the following sentences, underline each pronoun. Then, draw an arrow from each

pronoun to its antecedent.

~ Example

1. Anna showed Victor her new bicycle.

A*

p--"?

11. The so~he

stereo was too loud and"it woke up the neig~bors. Will eat asparagus; sometimes he won't.

13. First, Juan washed the car; then ~ waxed it. 14. Uncle B~ul 15. Debra er bring himself to praise ~ sister's co king, no matter how good it was.

anded the ba y to her husband, John, who put .N:m.n the crib. i

ELEMENTS

OF LANGUAGE

I Fourth Course

NAME

CLASS

DATE

for CHAPTER 12: PARTS OF SPEECH OVERVIEW

".,

Personal, Reflexive, and Intensive Pronouns

A personal pronoun refers to the one(s) speaking (first person), the one(s) spoken to (second person), or the one(s) spoken about (third person). EXAMPLE Did Dad tell you about my plans? A reflexive pronoun refers to the subject of a sentence and functions as a complement or as an object of a preposition. EXAMPLES She bought herself a new dress. He finished the test by himself. An intensive pronoun emphasizes its antecedent and has no grammatical function in the sentence. EXAMPLE They worked the puzzle themselves. A Underline allthe personal pronouns in the following sentences.
1.

EXERCISE

Example

He bought a CD for his father but kept the receipt in case he had to return i!:,

1. I hope that the skates are worth the money that you paid for them.

--

2. Jared offered ~

a free ticket to his uncle's play.

3. Mike and Zahara played their guitars, and then Ethel got her guitar and joined t~.
(
\

4. Our coats look so much alike that! can't tell which coat is mine and which is Y'lurs.

.--.

--

5. Angie wrote to me and explained why she couldn't visit us this summer.

.-

6. If you ask me, Carla, I think you should take the class in lifesaving.

7. After he passed the pilot's exam, he took us for a ride in his new airplane.

-'

8. Isn't ~ 9. ~

the person whose athletic prowess dazzled ~ during the soccer game last Sunday? crazy

father loves that CD of chanting monks, but i! drives~

10. He blocked the pass and caught the ball himself, but as he ran down the field with it, he was ....----.

brought down by a running back.

EXERCISE

B . Underline each intensive and reflexivepronoun in the following sentences. Then,above the
il1rei15ive 1.

word, identify each underlined pronoun as intensive or reflexive.

Example 11.

Andy baked the bread himself.

["V{(.e.;t
\~.h '1/' 12. S~
h....

,'/J'f'

He poured himself a glass of milk.

,

said that Terry designed all of the costumes herself. r-e.r- k;-t '-, 13. You take care of yourself, okay?

N1l).y,

L...

\"

14. The cat pulled itself up the side of the sofa.

r

'

I'-lKt"Lfl,

15. The homeowners painted their house themselves.

Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics: Language Skills Practice

NAME

CLASS

DATE

for CHAPTER

12: PARTS OF SPEECH OVERViEW,,'

Demonstrative, Interrogative, and Relative Pronouns

Ademonstrative pronoun points out a person, a place, a thing, or an idea. EXAMPLE Allof the paintings were good, but those were the best. An interrogative pronoun introduces a question. EXAMPLE What are you doing for your birthday? Arelative pronoun introduces a subordinate clause.
EXAMPLE

The coat that Ijust bought is green.

EXERCISE A

In each of the following sentences, identifythe underlined pronouns. Above each, write OEM for demonstrative, INTforinterrogative, or RELfor relative.

Example

I vt .r
~.LL-L

1. This is the friend whom Marcia invited to dinner.

~EL

1. What is the question? 2. TKiSis the last of the paint. 3. Which of the videos does Ben want to rent, this one or that? 4. Those are the shoes t~
_.J
.

\'I-r

N..I

Lainie bought for the dance.

I

5. Whose books are these?

ft.!

6. Mary Ellen asked the same question that Padgett did.

i~n

7. The casserole that Dad made last week tasted much better than this.
f(.</

8. To whom did Dave give the birthday card? 9. That is a problem w'hllh has troubled the community for many years.
h..t-1. --

10. Take that, you scoundrel!

EXERCiSE

B In each of the following sentences, underline the pronoun. Identifyeach by writing above it
1. The book that Jane is reading is very entertaining.
rtl

OEM for demonstrative, INT for interrogative, or RELfor relative. PEL

Example

11. Tom is the person ~ 12.

~re
~

Cheryl had in mind for the job.

will do quite nicely. the student

13. N~

\ '\t-

wiQ~~ photograph
~i--=-

was in the paper during the science fair.

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Ol

14. ~of 15. ~r['the

the flowers would work best on the homecoming float? song performed by the choir in last night's performance.

.~ o u

ELEMENTS

OF LANGUAGE

I Fourth Course

NAME

CLASS

,DATE

for CHAPTER 12: PARTS OF SPEECH OVERVIEW

Indefinite Pronouns
An indefinite pronoun refers to a person, place, idea, or thing that mayor may not be specifically named. Some common indefinite pronouns are all, any, anybody, both, each, everyone, everything, few; many, more, neither, nobody, none, no one, one, other, several, some, and somebody.
EXAMPLE A few of the sandwiches are left if anyone would like more to eat.

EXERCISE

Underline the indefinite pronouns in the following

sentences.

Example

1. After last night's game, everyone had something to say about him.

1. Much is promised to Someon..ewho is willing to risk everything. 2. Knock on t~ door and see if qnybody is home.

3. 'The twins rely on themselves more than they rely on anyone else. 4. Many tried out for the play, and the drama teacher chose almost everyop.e. 5. Jared forgot about everythin& but his science fair project.

6. Several of us are meeting her for lunch in the cafeteria.

~

7. Doesn't anybody here besides you speak Spanish? r 8. 1'!0boc!Yforgot to bring a backpack on the field trip. 9. All of the members of the chess club wondered ~ would win the tournament this year.

10. Neither of the brothers was willing to ask someoneJor help.

EXERCISE B

Fill in the gaps in the following

sentences with an appropriate

indefinite pronoun.

l
~

Example

1. Please don't tell

any60dy

about the surprise party.

11. Did

Y6 ~

remember to put yeast in the bread?

v

12. Derek has enjoyed 13.

4 f J.-

he has read in English class.

tv-trort
where I live.

except Tracy brought a raincoat to school today of us like romantic comedies than you might think. ~ .' rr for directions; _~_~ knows

14. SOk
..;

a
I

15. If you get lost on the way to my house, ask

..c oi .~

e ~
o

Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics: Language Skills Practice

NAME

CLASS

DATE

for CHAPTER 12: PARTS OF SPEECH OVERVIEW

~: ,
.

Identifying Pronouns
The kinds of pronouns are personal pronouns, reflexive pronouns, intensive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, interrogative pronouns, relative pronouns, and indefinite pronouns.

EXERCISE

A Underline allthe pronouns in each of the following sentences.

1. This weekend Beth and Bryan painted several of the' rooms in their house.

Example

1. Before painting, they went to the hardware store to buy paint. 2. The paint that Bryan had originally wanted for the living room was no longer available. 3. Beth suggested two alternative colors, but neither matched ~furniture. 4. After searching for an hour, Beth found a'shade of green that both of them liked. 5. They returned home and quickly began preparing to paint. 6. "What should we do first?" asked Bryan.
r---

7. "You can stir the paint whilelput 8. ''That is a good idea," he replied.

drop cloths over the furniture."

/ .0/'"

9. Then Bryan realized ~ would also need to move some furniture in the bedroom that they intended to paint. 10. As a result, Beth had to paint the entire living room herself.
EXERCISE

B Identifythe underlined pronoun in each of the following sentences by writing personal, reflexive, intensive, demonstrative, interrogative, relative, or indefinite on the line provided.

i ~Jd~/l.-'1

11: Does anyone know whose books these are lying in the middle of the floor? new foreign exchange student will be addressing the Lions Club at its
<{

eM. Wi! (1) iJN. 12. Our

f\t

lunch meeting today.

~ c ~
'0 C ro

lit '1Jv-<-

13. David was careful to ask to whom the canoe belonged before he borrowed !!,. 14. That was clearly our best performance so far. 15. Shouting for anyone who can help you will get people's attention quickly. 16. I gave myself a pat on the back for a job well done. 17. You'll have to choose another topic because someone is already researching this. club auditions?

to ro .s:

'" ex:

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o I
@

~-

.n>1f \.(..
rcUIf!"\t ,\V\dt,,~

li'

.::::
Ol

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!"tlu.)'#{t, 18. Who arrived first for the drama

~t'l,.L~;
Ir\.

19. Kathryn will finish typing the report herself. '

~~h~'

"" 20. Have Josette and

1been the

only ones interested in the tutoring program?

ELEMENTS OF LANGUAGE

I Fourth Course