HIV/ AIDS Mark Johnuel M.

Duavis, RN Youth Peer Educator/Trainor Red Cross Youth- Bohol Chapter Sexually Transmitted infection Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) also known as Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) The term STI is sometimes preferred because there are a few STDs, such as Chlamydia, that can infect a person without causing any actual disease, i.e., unpleasant symptoms Someone without symptoms may not think of themselves as having a disease, but they may still have an infection that needs treating Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) These are diseases that are mainly passed from one person to another during sex (vaginal, anal and oral). Most sexually transmitted diseases will only affect you if you have sexual contact with someone who has an STD. How can you tell if you have STI? You may become aware that you have an STI because of symptoms, or it may be that a sexual partner tells you they have an STI which might have passed on to you. Some STDs can be transmitted by an infected person even if they dont have any symptoms. Common STI symptoms STI symptoms vary, but most common are: Soreness Unusual lumps or sores Itching Pain when urinating Unusual discharge from the genital Common STI List of some of the most common STIs Chlamydia Crabs or Pubic Lice Genital Warts Gonorrhea (Clap) Hepatitis Herpes Syphilis HIV/AIDS Others Bacterial Vaginosis (BV), Water Warts, Trush (Candidiasis), Trich (Trichomoniasis) Common STIs Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by Neisseria gonorrheae that can infect the urethra, cervix, rectum, anus and throat.

Symptoms usually appear between 1 and 14 days after exposure, but it is possible to have no symptoms. Symptoms a burning sensation when urinating. a white/yellow discharge from the penis(tulo). a change in vaginal discharge. irritation or discharge from the anus (if the rectum is infected). Scrotal swelling PID Common STIs Chlamydia one of the most commonly reported bacterial sexually transmitted diseases. caused by the Chlamydia trachomatis bacterium. infects the urethra, rectum and eyes in both sexes, and the cervix in women. lead to fertility problems in women. transmitted through genital contact and sexual intercourse with someone already infected. Symptoms usually show between 1 and 3 weeks after exposure Common STIs Syphilis is a bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidium, which used to be known as the pox. usually sexually transmitted, but can also be passed from an infected woman to her unborn child. Common STIs Symptoms one or more painless ulcers on the penis, vagina, vulva, cervix, anus or mouth small lumps in the groin due to swollen glands a non-itchy rash fever or flu-like symptoms Syphilis Common STIs Crab or Pubic Lice are small crab-shaped parasites that burrow into the skin to feed on blood. live on coarse body hair, pubic hair, but can also be found in armpit hair, facial hair and even on eyelashes. The lice are yellow-grey in color and use their crab-like claws to grip hair strands. Crabs are easily passed on during sex, but can also be passed on through sharing clothes, towels or bedding with someone who has them. Common STIs Crab or Pubic Lice Symptoms itchy skin inflammation of the affected area sometimes visible lice and eggs spots of blood as lice feed from blood vessels in the skin. Prevention & Treatment

can reduce the risk to others by washing beddings, towels and clothes on a hot wash to kill off the parasites. treatment consists of special shampoos, lotions and creams that kill of the lice and their eggs. Common STIs Genital Warts caused by some sub-types of Human Papilloma virus (HPV). They can appear on the skin anywhere in the genital area as small whitish or flesh-coloured bumps, or larger, fleshy, cauliflower-like lumps. They are unlikely to cause pain but may itch and can be difficult to spot. Symptoms If a woman has a wart on her cervix she may experience slight bleeding or unusual coloured vaginal discharge Common STIs Hepatitis liver inflammation can occur following excessive and prolonged consumption of alcohol or the use of certain medicines and drugs. most commonly caused by a virus. There several different types of hepatitis Common STIs Herpes is caused by two strains of the Herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2). HSV-2 is more common and usually manifests itself in the genital and anal area, whereas HSV-1 is more likely to affect the mouth and lips in the form of cold sores. HSV-2 is a very common STD Common STIs Symptoms itching or tingling sensations in the genital or anal area small fluid-filled blisters that burst leaving small painful sores pain when passing urine over the open sores (especially in women) Headaches backache flu-like symptoms, including swollen glands or fever. Herpes Relationship of STI to HIV The presence of another STI can facilitate the transmission of HIV. Many STIs cause sores, which are opening to skin in and around the genitals. These STIs make it easy for HIV to get into the body. The predominant mode of transmission of HIV and other STI is sexual. Risky behaviors of STIs related to HIV are: Personal sexual behaviors such as; Having multiple sexual partners Unprotected penetrative sex Sex for trade What is HIV? HIV/ AIDS Prevention Education HIV

HIV stands for H - Human I - Immunodeficiency V - Virus HIV A virus that infects and affects HUMAN BEINGS only with the capacity to destroy the bodys ability to fight off diseases therefore rendering the body defenseless and vulnerable to all forms of infection. HIV Infection HIV Infection Successful entry of HIV Nobody is immune Usually asymptomatic for 5 to 10 (5-12) years Lifelong infection pregnancy What is AIDS? HIV/ AIDS Prevention Education What is AIDS (Lay-Mans definition)? A-I-D-S stands for: Acquired .. Something you get rather than you are born with Immune resistance or protection from disease Deficiency . absence of protective power Syndrome ..a variety of symptoms rather than one single disease What is AIDS? AIDS is the name of a disease, which is caused by a virus that breaks down the bodys immune system and leads to fatal infection and later causes death to people. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. How does a person become infected with HIV? HIV/ AIDS Prevention Education What does a person living with HIV looks like? HIV/ AIDS Prevention Education What does a person living with HIV looks like? In the early stages, immune deficiency may not cause any symptoms (known as the asymptomatic stage). Symptoms eventually develop are related to the disease or infection that attacks the body because of the failure of the immune system to protect the body What does a person living with HIV looks like? Symptoms Extreme tiredness Unexplained and continued fever and night sweats Loss of appetite Unexplained difficulty of sleeping Unexplained weight loss which is not due to any voluntary actions (e.g dieting, physical activities) Swollen glands around the neck, armpits or groins ( known as the swollen lymphnodes) Unexplained or unusual diarrhea that lasting for weeks or month

Unusual skin problem or diseases Progressive shortness of breath Development of Kaposis Sarcoma, Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP), severe infections with yeast, cytomegalovirus, herpes virus and parasites are expected in the later stage of AIDS. Progression of HIV Frequent voluntary testing Guidance and counselling. Have a healthy lifestyle and positive behaviour. Engage or join in any worthwhile activities that will keep you away from the dangers of drug abuse and HIV/AIDS. This can be in a form of sports or socio civic organization that will promote active and productive living. Remember that an empty mind always have a room for negative thoughts. How to properly use a MALE condom? HIV/ AIDS Prevention Education What is a good male condom? Condoms should be of good quality latex, and each batch should have been routinely tested by a national consumer organization to see that the condoms meet quality standards and are not defective. Using a lubricant (water-based) increases the effectiveness of the condom, both in protecting against infection and in providing lubrication so that the condom does not tear. How to properly use a male condom? 5. If you feel the condom break -- or think it may be broken -- withdraw immediately. Throw the condom away and use a new condom. 6. After you ejaculate, hold the condom to the base of your penis while you withdraw -- to keep it from coming off while it is still in your partner's vagina, anus, or mouth. Gently peel the used condom off the tip of your penis (Figure 3) and throw it away. Never use a condom more than once. How to properly use a FEMALE condom? HIV/ AIDS Prevention Education How to properly use a female condom? Carefully remove the condom from its package One end of the condom will have an opening for the penis to enter. This end will remain outside the vagina. Squeeze the flexible inner ring at the closed end of the condom. How to properly use a female condom? Placing your index finger inside of the condom, gently push the inner ring into your vagina as far as it will go. Be careful not to twist the condom. The outer ring of the condom should remain outside of the vagina. Placing lubrication inside of the condom may help keep it in place during sex. Make sure his penis enters inside the female condom, not to one side. The female condom should not be used with a male condom. STATISTICS In summary.. In summary.. Seek early medical treatment

 Adopt a healthy lifestyle and positive attitude. Different types of HIV Tests HIV/ AIDS Prevention Education Types of HIV Test Rapid Test Rapid tests are commonly used HIV tests as they give results quickly and do not require special equipment Rapid test results can be obtained within 5 to 30 minutes Rapid tests are suitable for HIV Testing and Counseling centers and small local clinics with limited resources as results can be given the same day, allowing pre- and post-test counseling to be done together. ELISA The HIV ELISA antibody test is a commonly used test for HIV today ELISA tests are very sensitive. Most tests have a 99+% sensitivity with very few false negative results (showing a person is HIV negative when he or she is in fact HIV positive). Western Blot Western Blot HIV tests are antigen tests that are very accurate but also very expensive. Western Blot tests are often used as a second HIV test conducted to confirm HIV test results (called confirmatory tests). HIV CAN NOT pass from one person to another in the following kinds of contact: Wearing someone elses clothes or using articles belonging to them that they have touched (for example towels, bedding, toilet articles Living or sleeping in the same room as a person with HIV/AIDS Hugging or Sleeping with a baby or a child who has HIV/AIDS Swimming in a swimming pool, river or waterhole with a person or people with HIV/AIDS Caring for children when the adult is HIV-positive Travelling on crowded buses with a person or people with HIV/AIDS A person with HIV/AIDS coughing or sneezing with you Sharing food, cups and plates with a person with HIV/AIDS Caring for someone who has developed AIDS when basic good hygiene is observed Mosquito bites HIV/AIDS Related Risk Behavior HIV/ AIDS Prevention Education HIV/AIDS Related Risk Behavior RISK is defined as the probability or likelihood that a person may become infected with HIV. Certain behaviors create, increase, and perpetuate risk. Examples: unprotected sex with a partner whose HIV status is unknown multiple sexual partnerships involving unprotected sex injecting drug use with contaminated needles and syringes HIV/AIDS Related Risk Behavior Vulnerability results from a range of factors outside the control of the individual that reduce the ability of individuals and communities to avoid HIV risk. These factors may include: LACK OF KNOWLEDGE AND PROPER APPLICATION SKILLS REQUIRED TO PROTECT ONESELF AND OTHER PEOPLE

FACTORS PERTAINING TO THE QUALITY AND COVERAGE OF SERVICES (e.g. inaccessibility of service due to distance, cost or other factors) SOCIETAL FACTORS SUCH AS HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS, OR SOCIAL AND CULTURAL NORMS. HIV/AIDS Related Risk Behavior These norms can include practices, beliefs and laws that stigmatize and disempowered certain populations, limiting their ability to access or use HIV prevention, treatment, care, and support services and commodities. These factors, alone or in combination, may create or exacerbate individual and collective vulnerability to HIV. Treatment related to HIV and AIDS HIV/ AIDS Prevention Education Treatment related to HIV and AIDS NO CURE has yet been found for AIDS However, primary therapy for HIV infection includes three different types of antiretroviral agents. Treatment related to HIV and AIDS Anti-retroviral (ARV) treatment(UNICEF. 2007): ARVs are medicines usually taken in combinations of two to four medicines that work to stop HIV from increasing in the blood. By reducing the amount of HIV, these medicines also help the number of CD4 cells in the body to increase, which in turn lets the body improve its own defenses against infection. ARVs work best when you have all the necessary information about treatment and a health care-provider who you trust. Treatment related to HIV and AIDS TAKE NOTE that the use of these treatments is not to cure the HIV/ AIDS rather to slow down the progression of the virus.