Work ond Energy

Def
n
: Work is done
when o force is
exerfed on on objecf
cousing if fo move in cousing if fo move in
fhe direcfion of o
componenf of fhe
oppIied force.
ExompIe:
In physics fhis mon is
doing work nof
becouse he is of his
pIoce of empIoymenf pIoce of empIoymenf
buf becouse he
oppIies forces fo fhe
boxes cousing fhem
fo move.
Force in direcfion of
mofion...
The eosiesf scenorio is when fhe The eosiesf scenorio is when fhe
force is oppIied in fhe direcfion of
mofion. Then,
W WW W- - - - I II I d dd d
Work done when
force is nof in
fhe direcfion of
dispIocemenf...
When fhe force is of on ongIe, , fo When fhe force is of on ongIe, , fo
fhe mofion fhen,
W - Idcos
Ex: How much work is done
by o womon puIIing o Iooded
doIIy I00 ff wifh o force of
Ib0 Ib of on ongIe of 4b"7 Ib0 Ib of on ongIe of 4b"7
In oII fhe
previous
exompIes fhe
oppIied force
Work done by o vuriubIe force...
oppIied force
wos consfonf.
Whof hoppens
when fhe force
chonges7
Work done by o vurying force
If fhe force
oppIied is chonging
fhe onIy woy fo find
fhe work done is fo fhe work done is fo
moke o groph of
force vs, distunce
ond find fhe oreo
under fhe groph.
Power...
power is the rute ut
which work is done, The
fuster you do work the
more power you need,
The SI units of power
W
P =
The SI units of power
ure the J/s which is
cuIIed the Wutt {W},
in the EngIish system
the Horse Power {hp} is
used,
1hp - 746 W
t
W
P =
ENERGY
Con you nome fhe five
forms of energy7
MechonicoI - moving fhings, sound
EIecfromognefic - Iighf, mognefic,
eIecfric, microwoves eIecfric, microwoves
ThermoI - fofoI moIecuIor energy
ChemicoI - bonds, reocfions
MucIeor - fhe nucIeus
Energy con be monifesfed
in fwo woys.
kinetic Energy - energy of
mofion
PotentiuI Energy - energy fhof is
sfored, energy due fo posifion or
condifion
0rovifofionoI PofenfioI Energy
0.P.E. depends on moss ond
heighf, if you ore obove fhe
ground you hove 0.P.E. ground you hove 0.P.E.
U.P.L. - mgh
Whof ore fhe SI unifs7
Ex: Whof is fhe 0.P.E. of o
diver of fhe fop of o I0 ff
high diving boord7
Ex: Whof is fhe 0.P.E. of fhe
diver when she is 8 ff under
fhe wofer7
EIosfic PofenfioI Energy
Depends on how
fIexibIe
somefhing is ond
how for if is how for if is
benf.
Whof ore fhe SI
unifs7
2
kx
2
1
LPL =
Ex: Whof is fhe energy sfored in o
spring if ifs spring consfonf is Ib0
M/m ond if is sfrefched b0 cm7
Ex: Whof is fhe eIosfic moduIus
of o frompoIine fhof requires
b000 J of energy fo sfrefch if
0.7b m7
Iinefic Energy
depends on moss ond
speed
K.L. - 1/2mv
2
Whof ore fhe SI
unifs7
Ex: Whof is fhe
I.E. of o o0 kg
skier moving of
8.b m/s7 8.b m/s7
Ex: Whof is fhe I.E. of o
I0 fon fighfer pIone froveIing
of 7b0 mph7
The Work-Energy Theorem
When work is done on o sysfem if
goins energy.
When o sysfem does work if Ioses
energy. energy.
W - AK.L. + AP.L.
When non-conservofive forces ocf,
W
nc
- L - L
0