Geological Society, London, Special Publications

Peter L. Forey
Brian Gardiner and Alison Longbottom Geological Society, London, Special Publications 2008; v. 295; p. 1-6 doi: 10.1144/SP295.1

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The Geological Society of London 2008

Peter L. Forey
BRIAN GARDINER1 & ALISON LONGBOTTOM2
1 2

Ringlee, Lindon Gardens, Leatherhead, Surrey KT22 7HB, UK

Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK (e-mail: A.Longbottom@nhm.ac.uk)

This book began with the desire by the editors to create a publication to honour Dr Peter Forey (Fig. 1) in recognition of his great contribution to sh systematics and palaeobiogeography. This preface gives a brief review of some of his accomplishments and a list of his publications to date. Peter Forey started his palaeontological career as a research student of Brian Gardiner at Queen Elizabeth College, University of London from 19681971. His thesis on elopiform shes was published in 1973 in the Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Geology supplement 10). That same year he produced what turned out to be a signal paper entitled Relationships of elopomorphs, which was published in Interrelationships of Fishes (Greenwood, Miles & Patterson 1973). This was subsequently updated in 1996 by the paper Forey, Littlewood, Ritchie & Meyer, Interrelationships of elopomorph shes, published in a new edition of Interrelationships of Fishes.

Fig. 1. Peter Forey.

These publications are still the standard works on fossil elopomorph comparative anatomy. In 1972, sometime after graduation (during which period he had several jobs, including working for a security rm) he applied for, and secured, the position of Assistant professor in Zoology at the University of Alberta. He remained in this post until 1975 when he joined the fossil sh section in the Department of Palaeontology at the Natural History Museum, London. Here, working with Colin Patterson, he became one of the prime movers in getting phylogenetic systematics (or cladistics as it became called) accepted by the palaeontology community. This new method for analysing phylogenies was being developed in the 1970s following the publication of a paper on phylogenetic systematics in English (Hennig 1966). The fossil sh section and other researchers from the Natural History Museum (including Peter, Colin, Chris Humphries (Botanist), Dick Vane-Wright (Entomologist) and, on occasion, Brian Gardiner and Gareth Nelson) had many fruitful discussions in a public house local to the museum, which became known as the Cladists Arms. The cladistic methodology was viewed antagonistically by many palaeontologists at the time and nally a special session was set aside at the 26th Symposium of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Comparative Anatomy held in 1978 at Reading University, England, to discuss the issue. The promotion of cladistics by the Natural History Museum speakers at this symposium led to some sharp exchanges in the pages of Nature journal (Halstead 1978; Halstead & White 1978; Gardiner et al. 1979). These discussions and disputes eventually led to the 1981 publication by Rosen, Forey, Patterson & Gardiner entitled Lungshes, tetrapods, palaeontology and plesiomorphy. On the face of it, this was a publication describing the anatomical details of the snouts of tetrapods, lobe-nned shes and lungshes, and their conclusion was that tetrapods were more closely related to the lungsh rather than other lobe-nned shes (in particular the osteolepiforms), which was the accepted idea at that time. This caused quite a stir but mainly because

From: CAVIN , L., LONGBOTTOM , A. & RICHTER , M. (eds) Fishes and the Break-up of Pangaea. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 295, 16. DOI: 10.1144/SP295.1 0305-8719/08/$15.00 # The Geological Society of London 2008.

B. GARDINER & A. LONGBOTTOM

Rosen et al. criticised the traditional methods of working out ancestor-descendant relationships, where it was deemed important that fossils played a large part. They again argued in strong terms for cladistic methodology where relationships should be inferred from extant forms alone without reference to fossils. Their apparent dismissal of fossils and contradiction of the accepted origins of tetrapods led to some very vitriolic reviews of their paper (especially Jarvik 1981) and they became known as the gang of four. The rst use of this term in print has not been traced but it culminated with Henry Gee (1999) using it as a chapter heading in a book where he describes the history of the Rosen et al. 1981 paper and the reaction of the palaeontology community to it. Now that cladistic methodology is accepted it is difcult to understand the heated arguments and discussions that went on in the literature of the 1970s and 1980s, and Peter Foreys papers reect this time of change. Peter continued to champion cladistics and educate a new generation. Starting in 1983 with An Introduction to Cladistics, Peter has published many papers and books on cladistics and his most up-to-date contributions are a series of articles Cladistics for Palaeontologists in the Palaeontology Newsletter (20052006) of the Palaeontological Association (UK). His background in lecturing also proved important for the development of cladistics at the Natural History Museum when in 1990 Peter, together with Chris Humphries, David Williams, Darrell Siebert and Ian Kitching, set up a course on cladistics for museum staff and MSc students and was one of the lead lecturers. Undoubtedly Peters other outstanding contributions have been on coelacanths (see Forey 1980, 1984a, 1988, 1989, 1990b, 1991a, 1991c) culminating in his book History of Coelacanth Fishes (1998c). He is without doubt the world authority on coelacanths. Peter has also published extensively on lungshes, (e.g. Forey 1986), and their relationship to tetrapods (Forey et al. 1991). Peters other contributions to taxonomy concern the controversial PhyloCode, about which he published a description and commentary (see Forey 2001c, 2002c). Peter has made valuable contributions to many other elds including palaeobiogeography (Forey 1981a, 1985a; Hilton & Forey 2005b). He has established himself as an outstanding teleost taxonomist with numerous publications throughout his career from the 1970s (Forey 1970, 1973a, 1973b c, 1975, 1977) up to more recently (Forey & Patterson 2006). His extensive knowledge of shes has been put to good use as he has, for many years, helped to identify the catches at the Alabama Deep Sea

Fig. 2. At the Alabama Deep Sea Fishing Rodeo (Dauphin Island, Alabama, USA), July 2002. From left to right: William E. Bemis, Peter Forey, and Lance Grande, with a Warsaw Grouper (Epinephelus nigritus, 2030 mm TL) that was landed during the shing tournament. Photo: courtesy of L. Grande.

Fishing Rodeo and to select specimens for museum collections (Fig. 2). He has also made contributions to the study of more primitive shes including on the origin of agnathans (Forey 1984c, 1995a, Forey & Janvier 1993, 1994, 1995b) and

Fig. 3. Peter Forey taking a short break from fossil collecting to make a study for a watercolour. At the Green River Formation, west of Kemmerer, Wyoming (USA), July 2003. Photo: E. J. Hilton.

PETER L. FOREY

on placoderms (Forey & Gardiner 1986). All of this is borne out by the fact that he has published over 114 peer-reviewed papers, 24 other articles and book reviews and written or contributed to 21 books and is still actively researching and writing. These are a lasting testimony to Peter Foreys accomplishments. Throughout his career Peters other major talent (as a gifted artist) has helped him to interpret and portray the complexities of sh morphology, as the beautiful illustrations in his papers show. Peter also paints watercolours and has exhibited and sold many paintings. His keenness extends to taking a sketchpad with him wherever he goes, even to the most remote (and some would say artistically-uninspiring) eld areas (Fig. 3). Peters wide-ranging knowledge of and interest in fossil shes and palaeobiogeography, and the inspiration his contributions have given to others, are acknowledged and reected in the scope and subjects of the papers herein: this book is dedicated to him.
Alison Longbottom would like to thank Julien Kimmig for help compiling Peter Foreys bibliography.

References
G EE , H. 1999. In search of Deep Time. The Free Press, New York. G REENWOOD , P. H., M ILES , R. S. & P ATTERSON , C. (eds) 1973. Interrelationships of Fishes. Acadamic Press, London. H ALSTEAD , L. B. 1978. The cladistic revolution can it make the grade? Nature, 276, 759 760. H ALSTEAD , L. B. & W HITE , E. I. 1979. A reply. Nature, 277, 176. H ENNIG , W. 1966. Phylogenetic Systematics. Translated by: D WIGHT D AVIS , D. & R AINER ZANGERL . University of Illinois Press, Urbana. J ARVIK , E. 1981. Lungshes, Tetrapods, Paleontology and Plesiomorphy. Systematic Zoology, 30, 378384.

Peter Forey Bibliography

A HLBERG , P. & F OREY , P. L. 1993. Therapsids and transformation series; discussion. Nature, 361, 596 597. B EMIS , W. E. & F OREY , P. L. 2001. Occipital structure and the posterior limit of the skull in actinopterygians. In: A HLBERG , P. (ed.) Major events in early vertebrate evolution. Systematics Association Special Volume series, 61. Taylor & Francis, London, 350 369. B EMIS , W. E., H ILTON , E. J., B ROWN , B., A RRINDDAL , R., R ICHMOND , A. M., L ITTLE , C. D., G RANDE , L., F OREY , P. L. & N ELSON , G. J. 2004. Methods for preparing dry, partially articulated skeletons of osteichthyans with notes on making Ridewood dissections of the cranial skeleton. Copeia, 2004, 603 609. C AVIN , L. & F OREY , P. L. 2001. Osteology and systematic afnities of Palaeonotopterus greenwoodi Forey

1997 (Teleostei: Osteoglossomorpha). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 133, 2552. C AVIN , L. & F OREY , P. L. 2004. New Mawsoniid coelacanth (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia) remains from the Cretaceous of the Kem Kem Beds, Southern Morocco. In: A RRATIA , G. & T INTORI , A. (eds) Mesozoic shes 3 Systematics, palaeoenvironments and biodiversity. Dr F. Pfeil, Munich, 493506. C AVIN , L. & F OREY , P. L. 2007. Using ghost lineages to identify diversication events in the fossil record. Biology Letters, 3, 201 204. C AVIN , L., F OREY , P. L., B UFFETAUT , E. & T ONG , H. 2005. Latest European coelacanth shows Gondwanan afnities. Biology Letters, 2005, 176177. C AVIN , L., F OREY , P. L. & L ECUYER , C. 2007. Correlation between environment and Late Mesozoic ray-nned sh evolution. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 245, 353367. C HALONER , W. G., F OREY , P. L., G ARDINER , B. G., H ILL , A. J. & Y OUNG , V. T. 1980. Devonian sh and plants from the Bokkeveld Series of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 81, 127157. C HENERY , S., W ILLIAMS , T., E LLIOT , T., F OREY , P. L. & W ERDELIN , L. 1996. Determination of rare earth elements in biological and mineral apatite by EPMA and LAMP-ICP-MS. Mikrochimica Acta, Supplement 13, 259 269. C LOUTIER , R. & F OREY , P. L. 1991. Diversity of extinct and living actinistian shes (Sacropterygii). Environmental Biology of Fishes. 32, 5974. D ONOGHUE , P. C. J. & F OREY , P. L. 1998. Conodont afnity, chordate phylogeny and the origin of vertebrate dermal skeleton. Palaeontology Newsletter, 39, 7. D ONOGHUE , P. C. J., F OREY , P. L. & A LDRIDGE , R. J. 2000. Conodont afnity and chordate phylogeny. Biological Reviews, 75, 191 251. E LLIOT , T. A., F OREY , P. L. & W ILLIAMS , C. T. 1995. Strontium isotopes and trace elements as palaeoenvironmental indicators in fossil shes. Terra Abstracts, 7, 237. E LLIOT , T. A., F OREY , P. L., W ILLIAMS , C. T. & W ERDELIN , L. 1998. Application of the solubility proling technique to Recent and fossil sh teeth. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, 169, 443451. F OREY , P. L. 1970. A revision of the order Elopiformes (Pisces: Teleostei), University of London, PhD thesis. F OREY , P. L. 1973a. A primitive clupeomorph sh from the Middle Cenomanian of Hakel, Lebanon. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 10, 13021318. F OREY , P. L. 1973b. Relationships of elopomorphs. In: G REENWOOD , P. H., M ILES , R. S. & P ATTERSON , C. (eds) Interrelationships of Fishes. Academic Press, London, 351368. F OREY , P. L. 1973c. A revision of elopiform shes, fossil and Recent. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Geology), supplement 10, 1 222. F OREY , P. L. 1975. A fossil clupeomorph sh from the Albian of the Northwest Territories of Canada, with notes on cladistic relationships of clupeomorphs. Journal of Zoology, 175, 151 177. F OREY , P. L. 1977. The osteology of Notelops Woodward, Rhacolepis Agassiz and Pachyrhizodus Dixon (Pisces: Teleostei). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Geology), 28, 123 204.

B. GARDINER & A. LONGBOTTOM and of the Earth by Schaal, S. & Zeigler, W. New Scientist, 136 (Dec.), 57. F OREY , P. L. 1992b. Book review; Fish evolution and systematics: evidence from spermatozoa by Jamieson, B. G. M. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 7, 6667. F OREY , P. L. 1992c. Formal classication. In: F OREY , P. L., H UMPHRIES , C. J., K ITCHING , I. J., S COTLAND , R. W., S IEBERT , D. J. & W ILLIAMS , D. M. (eds) Cladistics: a practical course in systematics. Systematics Association Publications, 10. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 160 169. F OREY , P. L. 1992d. Fossils and cladistic analysis. In: F OREY , P. L., H UMPHRIES , C. J., K ITCHING , I. J., S COTLAND , R. W., S IEBERT , D. J. & W ILLIAMS , D. M. (eds) Cladistics: a practical course in systematics. Systematics Association Publications, 10. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 124136. F OREY , P. L. 1994a. Book review; The Africa-South America connection by George, W. & Lavocat, R. Journal of Biogeography, 21, 338339. F OREY , P. L. 1994b. Foreward. In: M INELLI , A. (ed.) Biological Systematics: the state of the art. Chapman & Hall, London. F OREY , P. L. 1994c. Little comfort for advocates of saltational evolution and mass extinctions. Book review; Extinction and Phylogeny by N OVACEK , M. J. & W HEELER , Q. D. (eds); Journal of Biogeography, 21, 353356. F OREY , P. L. 1995a. Agnathans Recent and fossil, and the origin of jawed vertebrates. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 5, 267 303. F OREY , P. L. 1995b. Book review; Interpreting the hierarchy of nature by G RANDE , L. & R IEPPEL , O. (eds) Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 15, 861 863. F OREY , P. L. 1996a. Book review; Functional morphology in vertebrate paleontology by T HOMASON , J. J. (ed.) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 58, 245 246. F OREY , P. L. 1996b. Nature read in tooth and jaw. Abstract. Transactions of the Leicester Literary and Philosophical Society, 90, 41. F OREY , P. L. 1997a. Book review; Early vertebrates: Monographs on geology and geophysics, number 33 by J ANVIER , P. (ed.) Historical Biology, 12, 299 300. F OREY , P. L. 1997b. A Cretaceous notopterid (Pisces: Osteoglossomorpha) from Morocco. South African Journal of Science, 93, 564 569. F OREY , P. L. 1997c. New elopomorph teleosts from Namoura, Lebanon. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 17, 46. F OREY , P. L. 1998a. Biogeography; a home from home for coelacanths. Nature, 395, 319 320. F OREY , P. L. 1998b. Book review; Molecular systematics of shes by K OCHER , T. D. & S TEPIEN , C. A. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 125, 513. F OREY , P. L. 1998c. History of the coelacanth shes. Chapman & Hall, London. F OREY , P. L. 1998d. In Darwins footsteps. Obituary of Colin Patterson. The Guardian. F OREY , P. L. 1998e. Introduction. In: K ITCHING , I. J., F OREY , P. L., H UMPHRIES , C. J. & W ILLIAMS , D. M. (eds) Cladistics: the theory and practice of parsimony analysis. 2nd edn. Systematics Association

F OREY , P. L. 1980. Latimeria: a paradoxical sh. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 208, 369384. F OREY , P. L. 1981a. Biogeography, Introduction. In: F OREY , P. L. (ed.) The evolving Biosphere. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 241 245. F OREY , P. L. 1981b. The coelacanth Rhabdoderma in the Carboniferous of the British Isles. Palaeontology, 24, 203 229. F OREY , P. L. 1981c. The Evolving Biosphere. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. F OREY , P. L. 1982. Neontological analyses versus palaeontological stories. In: J OYSEY , K. A. & F RIDAY , A. E. (eds) Problems of phylogenetic reconstruction. The Systematics Association, Special Volume Series, 21. Academic Press, London, 119 157. F OREY , P. L. 1983. Introduction to cladistics. In: M INGZHENG , Z., M IMAN , Z. & X IABO , Y. (eds) Translation of selected papers on cladistics. Science Press, Beijing, 152 195. F OREY , P. L. 1984a. The coelacanth as a living fossil. In: E LDREDGE , N. & S TANLEY , S. M. (eds) Living Fossils. Springer Verlag, New York, 166169. F OREY , P. L. 1984b. Lorigine des tetrapodes. La Recherche, 15, 476 487. F OREY , P. L. 1984c. Yet more reections on Agnathan-Gnathostome relationships. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 4, 330343. F OREY , P. L. 1985a. Methods of palaeobiogeography. Journal of the Open University Geological Society, 6, 3 9. F OREY , P. L. 1985b. Obituary: Errol Ivor White, CBE, FRS, P-PLS (19011985). The Linnean, 1, 2832. F OREY , P. L. 1986. Relationships of lungshes. In: B EMIS , W. E., B URGGREN , W. W. & K EMP , N. E. (eds) The biology and evolution of lungshes. Journal of Morphology, Centennial supplement 1, 7591. F OREY , P. L. 1987. The Downtonian ostracoderm Sclerodus Agassiz (Osteostraci; Tremataspididae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Geology), 41, 1 30. F OREY , P. L. 1988. Golden Jubilee for the Coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae. Nature, 336, 727 732. F OREY , P. L. 1989. Le Coelacanthe. La Recherche, 20, 13181326. F OREY , P. L. 1990a. Cladistics. In: B RIGGS , D. E. & C ROWTHER , P. R. (eds) Palaeobiology: a synthesis. Blackwell Scientic Publications, Oxford, 430 434. F OREY , P. L. 1990b. The coelacanth sh: progress and prospects. Science Progress, 74, 5367. F OREY , P. L. 1990c. An extraordinary Blue sh. Endeavour, 14, 8 13. F OREY , P. L. 1991a. Blood lines of the coelacanth. Nature, 351, 347 348. F OREY , P. L. 1991b. Des poissons aux tetrapodes. In: S ABBAGH , C. (ed.) On a marche sur la Terre. Editions ICS. Museum National dHistoire Naturelle, Paris, 3136. F OREY , P. L. 1991c. Latimeria chalumnae and its pedigree. Enviromental Biology of Fishes, 32, 75 97. F OREY , P. L. 1992a. Beetle shine in oily shale. Book review; Messel: An insight into the history of life

PETER L. FOREY Publications, 11. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 117. F OREY , P. L. 1998f. Missing values. In: K ITCHING , I. J., F OREY , P. L., H UMPHRIES , C. J. & W ILLIAMS , D. M. (eds) Cladistics: the theory and practice of parsimony analysis. 2nd edn. Systematics Association Publications, 11. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 7989. F OREY , P. L. 1998g. Obituary of Colin Patterson. Systematics Association Newsletter, April, 5 6. F OREY , P. L. 1998h. Simultaneous and partitioned analysis. In: K ITCHING , I. J., F OREY , P. L., H UMPHRIES , C. J. & W ILLIAMS , D. M. (eds) Cladistics: the theory and practice of parsimony analysis. 2nd edn. Systematics Association Publications, 11. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 152168. F OREY , P. L. 1998i. Two contributions in Nature on-line debate. The adequacy of the fossil record. Moderated by Andrew Smith. F OREY , P. L. 2000a. Global change and the fossil sh record; the relevance of systematics. In: C ULVER , S. J. & R AWSON , P. (eds) Biotic response to global change; the last 145 million years. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 107121. F OREY , P. L. 2000b. Summary. In: F OREY , P. L., G ARDINER , B. G. & H UMPHRIES , C. J. (eds) Colin Patterson His life. Special Issue 2. The Linnean, Academic Press, London, 9095. F OREY , P. L. 2001a. Biological Systematics. Palaeontology Newsletter, 47, 8182. F OREY , P. L. 2001b. Les fossiles et la systematique. Biosystema, 19, 1 28. F OREY , P. L. 2001c. The PhyloCode: description and commentary. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 58, 81 96. F OREY , P. L. 2001d. Whats all this fuss about PhyloCode? Palaeontology Newsletter, 47, 19 32. F OREY , P. L. 2002a. Fossils, Phylogeny & form: analytical approach. Palaeontology Newsletter, 50, 75 78. F OREY , P. L. 2002b. A knotty problem of nomenclature. Book review; The poverty of the Linnean Hierarchy: A philosophical study of biological taxonomy by Ereshefsky, M. Nature, 415, 839. F OREY , P. L. 2002c. PhyloCode pain, no gain. Taxon, 51, 43 54. F OREY , P. L. 2002d. Summary. In: M ACLEOD , N. & F OREY , P. L. (eds) Morphology, shape and phylogeny. Taylor & Francis, London, 287 294. F OREY , P. L. 2003. Book review; Genetics, Paleontology and Macroevolution by Levington, J. Journal of Paleontology, 77, 199 200. F OREY , P. L. 2004a. Cladistics and the coelacanth. NHM Magazine, 4, 19 21. F OREY , P. L. 2004b. Systematics and Palaeontology. In: W ILLIAMS , D. M. & F OREY , P. L. (eds) Milestones in Systematics. The Systematics Association Special Volume Series, 67. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 149180. F OREY , P. L. 2004c. A three-dimensional skull of a primitive clupeomorph sh from the Cenomanian English Chalk, and implications for the evolution of the clupeomorph acusticolateralis system. In: A RRATIA , G. & T INTORI , A. (eds) Mesozoic shes 3 Systematics, paleoenvironments and biodiversity. Dr F. Pfeil, Munich, 405 427.

F OREY , P. L. 2005a. Biological radiations and speciation. In: S E LLE Y , R. C., C OCKS , L. R. M. & P LIMER , I. R. (eds) Encyclopaedia of Geology; Volume 1. Elsevier Academic Press, Oxford, 266 279. F OREY , P. L. 2005b. Cladistics for Palaeontologists: Introduction. Palaeontology Newsletter, 60, 2637. F OREY , P. L. 2005c. Jawless vertebrates. In: H ILL , M. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 9. F OREY , P. L. 2005d. Naming the World: Is there anything left of Linnaeus. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 56, 182 195. F OREY , P. L. 2006a. Cladistics for Palaeontologists: Cladistic characters. Palaeontology Newsletter, 61, 3342. F OREY , P. L. 2006b. Cladistics for Palaeontologists: Tree building. Palaeontology Newsletter, 62, 4359. F OREY , P. L. 2006c. Cladistics: Optimisation. Palaeontology Newsletter, 63, 26 35. F OREY , P. L. 2007. Cladistics: Consensus trees and tree support. Palaeontology Newsletter, 64, 28 34. F OREY , P. L., A HLBERG , P. E., L UKSEVICS , E. & Z UPINS , I. 2000. A new coelacanth from the Middle Devonian of Latvia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 20, 243 252. F OREY , P. L. & C AVIN , L. 2007. A new species of Cladocyclus (Teleostei: Ichthyodectiformes) from the Cenomanian of Morocco. Palaeontologia Electronica, 10, 10 p. F OREY , P. L. & C LOUTIER , R. 1991. Literature relating to fossil coelacanths. Enviromental Biology of Fishes, 32, 391 401. F OREY , P. L. & F ORTEY , R. A. 2001. Fossils in the reconstruction of phylogeny. In: B RIGGS , D. E. G. & C ROWTHER , P. R. (eds) Palaeobiology II. Blackwell Science, Oxford, 515 519. F OREY , P. L., F ORTEY , R. A., K ENRICK , P. & S MITH , A. B. 2004. Taxonomy and fossils; a critical appraisal. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Biological Sciences, 359, 639653. F OREY , P. L. & G ARDINER , B. G. 1973. A new dictytopygid from the Cave Sandstone of Lesotho, southern Africa. Paleontographica Africana, 15, 2931. F OREY , P. L. & G ARDINER , B. G. 1981. J. A. Moy-Thomas and his association with the British Museum (Natural History). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Geology), 35, 131144. F OREY , P. L. & G ARDINER , B. G. 1986. Observations on Ctenurella Ptyctodontida and the classication of placoderm shes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 86, 43 74. F OREY , P. L., G ARDINER , B. G. & H UMPHRIES , C. J. 2000. Colin Patterson a celebration of his life. The Linnean, Special Issue 2, 1 96. F OREY , P. L., G ARDINER , B. G. & P ATTERSON , C. 1991. The lungsh, the coelacanth and the cow revisited. In: S CHULTZE , H.-P. & T RUEB , L. (eds) Origins of the higher groups of tetrapods: controversy and consensus. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 145 172. F OREY , P. L. & G RANDE , L. 1998. An African twin to the Brazilian Calamopleurus (Actinopterygii: Amiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 123, 1 17. F OREY , P. L., H UMPHRIES , C. J., K ITCHING , I. J., S COTLAND , R. W., S IEBERT , D. J. & W ILLIAMS , D. M. (eds) 1992. Cladistics: a practical course in

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