Practical 2 Lipid profile test

Objective 1. To understand the principle of the lipid profile test. 2. To perform capillary blood cholesterol and capillary blood triglyceride concentration using a specific test strips and Accutrend GCT meter. 3. To interpret capillary blood cholesterol and capillary blood triglyceride result from non-fasting and fasting normal subjects. Principle

Method of practical 1. A six students volunteer are needed to become the fasted subject while the rest of student become non-fasted subjects. 2. All the subjects, either the fasting or non-fasting subject is performing the lipid profile test using the Accutrend GCT meter. 3. Then, the result is recorded.

Method using Accutrend GCT meter Before performing the test, make sure hands is washed using soap and dry them first. Then, the inner end of the index finger is pricked with lancet. (Let the blood drop by itself without press the end of the finger) The blood drop is touched onto the middle part of the target area on the test strip. Then, the strip is inserted into the Accutrend GCT meter and the value is read and recorded in mmol/L.

Result The reading of Accutrend GCT meter Fasting subject

Gander Male Male Male Female Female Female

Triglyceride concentration (mmol/L) 1.11 0.92 1.22 1.55 Low 1.16 1.06 1.26 1.57 1.72 1.21 1.48 1.41 1.04 1.29 0.89 1.19 3.07 0.83 1.96 Low 1.61 1.25 Low 1.62

Cholesterol concentration (mmol/L) 4.17 5.05 5.95 6.15 5.2 6.40 4.38 4.62 4.36 5.68 4.96 5.18 6.65 4.81 5.84 5.0 4.21 6.87 6.12 6.51 4.82 5.18 5.9 4.30 4.53

Non-fasting subject

Male Male Male Male Male Male Male Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female Female

Discussion

The result shows varies reading of body fat concentration in all subject. As we know, the test is undergoes to determine the concentration of body cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in a person. However, the amount may different because a few factors, such as the gander and state of the person, which either fasting or not.

Type of lipid Triglyceride The normal range (mmol/L) < 2.3 Table show the normal range of body triglyceride and cholesterol.

Cholesterol < 5.2

(i)

Fasted subject versus non-fasting subject.

Table show the mean value of the student that have undergoes lipid profile test which classify due state.: Condition of subject Number of student The mean concentration of triglyceride (mmol/L) The mean concentration of cholesterol (mmol/L)

Fasting subject
6

Non-fasting subject
19

5.96 = 1.192 6 32.92 = 5.486 6

24.46 = 1.439 19 99.92 = 5.258 19

(ii)

Male subjects versus female subject.

Table show the mean value of the student that have undergoes lipid profile test which classify due to their gander.: Gander Number of student The mean concentration of triglyceride (mmol/L) Student that in the normal range ( <2.3 mmol/L) The mean concentration of cholesterol (mmol/L) Student that in the normal range ( <5.2 mmol/L)

Male subject
10

Female subject
15

12.96 = 1.296 10 10 51.00 = 5.1 10 7 (3 above the range)

17.46 = 1.455 15 14 (3 is cannot be read) (1 above the range) 81.84 = 5.456 15 8 (7 above the range)

Base on the result, the female subject have higher mean of body fat than male. That will show that, female have higher cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in the body than male. This is because, different gander have different rate of fat storage and fat metabolism. This is one of the factor that cause fat body concentration is verified in different person. Moreover, female body fat percentage tend to be greater than male as female usually store more their fat in gluteal-femoral area. While for male, most of their fat is stored in the abdominal region. In addition, the rate of fat metabolism in the abdominal region is higher than in the glutealfemoral region. Thus, female may tend to store fat in their body as the fat not easy be metabolized on that area. Most of the subjects have normal triglyceride value, which is below 2.3mmol/L. However, the triglyceride value of a few student was undetermined via the Accutrend GCT meter. The very low triglyceride value maybe due to less intakes of simple sugar and fatty food. Diets rich in either carbohydrates or fats may affect the level of triglyceride in some person. The low level of triglyceride also may due to malnutrition and malabsorption. For the cholesterol value, there are a few student have border line cholesterol value, which is 5.2-6.0 mmol/L. Actually cholesterol play an important role in our body, such as, as precursor for some hormone. Instant of that, it also will cause dangerous to body as it was primary component of plaques that form in artherosclerosis. Thus we need to maintain it level before it lead to rapid progression of coronary disease.

Normally, the incensement of cholesterol level is due to foods that their take, which are rich in saturated fats and cholesterol and also may because of genetic or inherited problem. Although there is a few subjects have high cholesterol level above the normal range, it not confirm that the person have high risk to have a heart disease. For intense, ones the total cholesterol increase, this is may due to increase of good cholesterol level, for example HDL. The HDL was one substance that prevents heart disease as it will transport cholesterol back to liver. To confirm the heart disease, they must undergoes the full lipid profile test for determine the level of HDL and LDL also.

Precaution Before undergoes test, subject must make sure their hands are clean. Do not press the end of the finger during dropping the blood. Make sure use the correct strip in the correct Accutrend GCT meter.

Conclusion