45 (A) Europe

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Size : Second smallest continent in the world in area, after Australia.

Situation : Europe is situated between Ural Mountains in the east and the
Atlantic Ocean in the west, in the west of Asia, and north of Africa. To the
north of Europe lies Arctic Ocean, to the south lies the Mediterranean Sea,
the Black Sea and the Caucasus Mountains and to the East Ural Mountains
and the Caspian Sea.
Europe and Asia as one common landmass, is known as Eurasia.
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Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, BosniaHerzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova,
Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San
Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United
Kingdom, Vatican City State, Yugoslavia.
Countries of Scandinavia
Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland are collectively known as
Scandinavia.
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Important Gulfs and Bays

Name
Separates
Part of Sea or Ocean
Gulf of Riga
Estonia and Latvia
Baltic Sea.
Gulf of Finland
Finland and Estonia
Baltic Sea.
Gulf of Bothnia
Sweden and Finland
Baltic Sea.
English Channel
Britain and Spain
Atlantic Ocean.
Bay of Biscay
France and Spain
Atlanic Ocean.
Gulf of Lions
Lies to the south of France
Mediterranean Sea.
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Name
LOCATION, (PART OF OCEAN)
RIVERS DRAINING INTO THEM
Mediterranean Sea
Separates Europe from Africa,

Strait of Gibralter connects it to Tiber (Italy) (France) Ebro (Spain)
the Atlantic
White Sea
North of Russia, Arctic Ocean
Mezen, N. Divina, andOnega.
Baltic Sea
Atlantic Ocean
Vistula and Oder.
North Sea
Wide continental shelves of North Sea,
called as Dogger Bank is one of the most East of the United Kingdom,
productive regions for fishing in the
Atlantic Ocean
world.
North sea is connected to the Baltic
Sea through Kiel Canal.
Elbe and Weser (Germany) and Rhine

(Netherland)
Irish Sea
Lies between Great Britain and
Ireland, Atlantic Ocean.
Adriatic Sea
North east of Italy,

Mediterranean Sea.
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Po (Italy.)
Name
Separates
Connects
Strait of Gibralter
(Known as Key to the
Mediterranean).
Europe and Africa
Mediterranean Sea with Atlantic

Ocean.
Strait of Bonifacio
Sardina islands. (Italy) and

Corsica (France)
Tyrhenian Sea with

Mediterranean Sea.
Strait of Messina
Sicily and Peninsular Italy
Tyrhenian Sea with

Mediterranean Sea.
Strait of Otranto
Italy and Balkan Peninsula
Adriatic Sea with Ionian Sea.
Bosporus Strait
Istanbul and Anatolia

Peninsula (Turkey)
Black Sea with Sea of Marmara.
Strait of Kerch
Kerch (Ukraine) and Russia
Sea of Azov with Black Sea.
Dardanelles Strait
Balkan Peninsula and Antolia

Peninsula
Sea of Marmara with Aegean

Sea.
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Rivers of Italy
Outflow
Po
The principal lowland of Italy is the fertile northern
plain formed by the countrys longest river the Po (.652 Adriatic Sea
km) and its tributaries.
South West flowing river of Italy
Tiber
Delta : Cuspate.
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City Located
Venice (Italy)
Mediterranean Sea Rome (Italy)
Other River of Europe
Outflow
City/Located
Rhone
It flows through Lake Geneva of Switzerland
Its tributary Saone meet near Lyon of France
(Gulf of Lions)
Lyon (France)
Ebro (Spain) Cantabarian Mountain
MediterraneanSea
Zaragoza (Spain)
Guadalquivir (Spain)
Atlantic Ocean.
Seville (Spain)
Tagus (Spain and Portugal)
Atlantic Ocean
Lisbon (Portugal)
Douro
Douro basin is known for wine (Port wine) in west Atlantic Ocean
Portugal.
Oporto (Portugal)
Weser
Flows in Germany.
Bremerhaven (Germany) lies on its mouth.
Bremen (Germany)
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North Sea
Source : Alps (Switzerland), south of Lake Constance

Outflow: North Sea
It flows in the rift valley through Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Gernmany,
and Netherlands, where the delta is located.
From the city of Brussels it turns north and serves as the boundary between France
and Germany.
Cities located : Mannheim, Ludwig, Shafen, Heidelberg, Wieshaden, Mainz,
Dusseldorf, Cologne. Four are on important Rhine tributaries-Essen on the Ruhr,
Wuppertal on the Wupper. Frankfurt on the Main, and Stuttgart on the Neckar,
Bonn (Germany) and Rotterdam (Netherland).
The busiest inland water way of Europe.
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Kjolen Mountain
Running in north-south direction along the border of Norway and Sweden.
Pennine
The Central upland region of Great Britain.
Cantabarian
Mountain chain lying in northern Spain.
Extends in east-west direction.
Sierra Morena, Sierra Nevada

The Guadalquivir river drains between these two mountain chains of Spain.
Sierra Nevada contains countrys highest peak Mulhacean (3,478m).
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A volcanic mountain lying in Neples (Italy.)
Appennines
Mountain chain extending from the western Alps to the southern tip of
mainland in Italy.
An example of limestone hills, which is well known for wine (Asti) in piedmont
district of Italy.
Vosges
Lies in France and separate it from Italy.
An example of Block mountain.
Alps
Lies in the south-eastern part of France and separates it from Italy.
Mount Blanc (4,807 m) is the highest peak of Alps, lies in France.
The Alps acts as giant watershed in Switzerland.
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Mount Etna
A volcanic mountain of Sicily (Italy.)
Example of parasitic volcanic cone.
Dinaric Alps
Lies along the north-east coast of Adriatic Sea.
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NAME
INFORMATION
Iberian Peninsula or Spanish Plateau
Surrounded by Bay of Biscay, Mediterranean

Sea and Atlantic Ocean.
Balkan Peninsula
Surrounded by Black Sea, Aegean Sea, and

Adriatic Sea.
Consist of Bulgaria, Macedonia, Albania and
Greece.
Kola Peninsula
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Surrounded by White Sea and Arctic Ocean in

Russia.
2008
Q. In which one of the following is Malta located?
(a) Baltic Sea
(b) Mediterranean Sea
(c) Black Sea
(d) North Sea
Q. Which of the following countries share borders with Moldova?
1. Ukraine
2. Romania
3. Belarus
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Codes:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
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(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3
2009
Q. Consider the following pairs:
Famous place Country
1. Cannes
: France
2. Davos
: Denmark
3. Roland Garros : The Netherlands
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Q. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
City
River
(a) Berlin
: Rhine
(b) London : Thames
(c)
New York : Hudson
(d) Vienna
: Danube
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45 (A) Europe

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45 (A) Europe

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www.iasexamportal.

Size : Second smallest continent in the world in area, after Australia.

Important Gulfs and Bays

Part of Sea or Ocean

Estonia and Latvia

Finland and Estonia

Sweden and Finland

Britain and Spain

France and Spain

Lies to the south of France

LOCATION, (PART OF OCEAN)

RIVERS DRAINING INTO THEM

Separates Europe from Africa,

North of Russia, Arctic Ocean

Mezen, N. Divina, andOnega.

Vistula and Oder.

Elbe and Weser (Germany) and Rhine

Lies between Great Britain and

Ireland, Atlantic Ocean.

North east of Italy,

Europe and Africa

Mediterranean Sea with Atlantic

Sardina islands. (Italy) and

Tyrhenian Sea with

Sicily and Peninsular Italy

Tyrhenian Sea with

Italy and Balkan Peninsula

Adriatic Sea with Ionian Sea.

Istanbul and Anatolia

Black Sea with Sea of Marmara.

Kerch (Ukraine) and Russia

Sea of Azov with Black Sea.

Balkan Peninsula and Antolia

Sea of Marmara with Aegean

Mediterranean Sea Rome (Italy)

Other River of Europe

Ebro (Spain) Cantabarian Mountain

Tagus (Spain and Portugal)

Source : Alps (Switzerland), south of Lake Constance

Sierra Morena, Sierra Nevada

A volcanic mountain lying in Neples (Italy.)

Iberian Peninsula or Spanish Plateau

Surrounded by Bay of Biscay, Mediterranean

Surrounded by Black Sea, Aegean Sea, and

Surrounded by White Sea and Arctic Ocean in

(b) 2 and 3 only

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