Perez 1 Christian Perez Period 4 12/17/12 Introduction:

Stoichiometry is the branch of chemistry were scientist convert from one unit to another. It is used when determining a unit in a reaction. The purpose of this lab is to measure the amount of particles in chalk it takes to write someones name in order to find out the length a piece of chalk should be. This is accomplished by using a series of calculations. Converting from grams to particles takes many steps and conversion factors are used. These conversions are from mass to moles, and from moles to particles. To convert from mass to moles molar mass is used. Molar mass is the physical property of a substance that can be determined as the weight of a chemical compound. If the chemical compound were to change in this lab, mole ratios would be used. Mole ratio is used when converting between two different types of chemicals and can be found in the equality of a chemical. Then the mole chalk is found. A mole is the base unit in a substance and contains 6.02x1023 particles which is Avogadro's number. To convert from moles to particles, Avogadro's number is used were one mole is equal to 6.02x1023.

Procedures: 1. A piece of chalk and a sheet of paper were obtained for each group member, as well as a scale. 2. The paper was weighed and the weight of the paper was recorded. 3. The paper was folded two times, and each group member wrote their name on the paper eight times on each side.

Perez 2 4. The sheet of paper was weighed again and the new weight of the paper with the chalk particles were recorded. 5. All data was gathered from each group member and the information was recorded onto each group members data table. Results: Table 1: Chalk mass data for 4 scientist. Scientist Name Initial Paper Final Paper Mass Mass 4.8g 4.8g 4.8g 4.9g Mass of CaCO3 Used .2 .2 .1 .2 Average Particles of CaCO3 Used 1.204x1021 1.204x1021 6.02x1020 1.204x1021 1.053x1021

Tanya Maya 4.6g Claudia Silvia Christian Perez Christian Rubio 4.6g 4.7g 4.7g

Calculations: (See attached)

Conclusion: The purpose of the lab was met and the amount of particles of chalk needed to write a person's name down was found. The average number of particles of chalk needed to write someone's name is 1.05x1021. This number was found after a series of calculations using the molar mass of chalk and Avogadro's number. The first step was to find the amount of chalk used. This was accomplished by subtracting the final mass of the paper with the chalk one it from the initial mass. This number was used to find the

Perez 3 particles of chalk used. The first conversion used was from mass to moles. To find the moles of chalk, the mass needs to be canceled out. This was done by taking the mass of chalk and dividing it by the chalks molar mass, which is 100g. Each scientist did this process with their own results. Once this conversion was completed, each scientist needed to convert the moles to particles of chalk. To find the particles of chalk, one must use Avogadro's number. This is because when the moles of chalk are multiplied by Avogadro's number, 6.02x1023, the moles get canceled out and the amount of particles of chalk are found. After each scientist found the particles of chalk used when writing their names, the average needed to be calculated. To find the average amount of particles used, each scientist's results needed to be added and then divided by the number of scientists present in the group. By doing all the conversions in this lab, the average amount of particles needed to write someone's name down was 1.053x1021.