Planning and design of Asiganga II Asiganga-II and Asiganga-III small hydro power stations for tandem operation

Devadutta Das Professor (Hydroelectric) Department of Water Resources Development & Management p p g Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee 247667, INDIA

INTRODUCTION
ASIGANGA A HILLY STREAM IN MIDDLE HIMALAYAS C t h Catchment A t Area : 192 S K Sq. Km Predominantly monsoon fed negligible contribution from snow melt d i summer t ib ti f lt during River originates at an elevation of about 4400meters above mean sea l 4400 t b level ( l) and l (msl) d joins Bhagirathi ( one of the two principal tributaries to form the Ganges) at an elevation of 1158 m above mean sea level

HYDROLOGY
Flow observed at the diversion site of Asiganga-II SHP over a period of 20 years: g g p y Minimum flow : 2.14 cumec P b bl M i Probable Maximum Fl d : 650 cumec Flood (50 - year return period) yea etu pe od) Average flow during monsoon period : 20 cumec or higher

CLASSIFICATION OF SMALL HYDRO IN INDIA

Upto 100 KW installed capacity micro hydro Above 100 KW upto 2000 KW mini hydro Above 2000 KW upto 25000 KW small hydro

POWER DEVELOPMENT IN ASIGANGA RIVER BASIN

Name of Project From Elevation Meter, msl To Elevation Meter, msl Gross Head meter Design Discharge cumec Remarks

Kaldigad 2 X 4.5=9.0 MW

1755.00

1510.00

245

4.8

Kaldigad is a Tributary of Asiganga f river -Under Construction

Asiganga-I 2X2.25=4.5 MW Asiganga-II 2X2.25=4.5 MW Asiganga-III 2X3.75=7.5 MW

1496.00

1388.00

108.00 5.68

Under Construction

1379.00 1315.00

1315.00 1180.00

64.00

9.42

Under Construction

135.00 7.22

Under Planning

CASCADE DEVELOPMENT
Power generation f P ti from such small streams i not h ll t is t possible in a concentrated manner either in one to two stages due to steep mountain slopes, which do not g p p , provide adequate cover for tunnel nor provide suitable contour for laying of contour channel from the diversion weir upto the forebay / surge shaft Hence harnessing of shaft. such small streams requires development in more than one stage in cascade. The Himalayas are sparsely populated. Hence diversion of water from the tail race from the upper power station to the head race channel of the lower power station generally does not pose a problem as there is rarely riparian use of water in such stretches.

Forebay
Stream

Open Power Channel Spillway Power House

Foot Hills Escape Channel

Tunnel FLOW

Penstock

Tail Pool

Area for Asiganga - II PH 'A'

RIVER FLOW

River Asiganga
Road to Sangam Chatti & Asiganga-II & I SHP

Aqueduct Cum Bridge

Existing Steel Truss Foot Bridge

Road to Uttarkashi

Existing site office Bldg. Bldg for Asiganga - II

Open Power Channel

Gangori

Ri

Existing Steel Bridge B id

an sig

ga

Road crossing by power channel

n an Ch el

R o ad
Flow

ve

1158 m 1180 m
TRC

Flow

Area f A for Power House

PH

Flow Escape

ROA

D
Stream

ag ain Dr s s o r ks o w Cr
FL OW

pe

Po

we

am St r e
FL OW

River Flow

hagira iv B Ri er thi

Penstock Forebay

Spillway
Open Power Channel

FLOW

Figure 1: Layout Plan of Asiganga II & III SHP

TYPES OF CASCADE DEVELOPMENT

Alternative I: Tail channel of the upstream p power station discharging upstream of the g g p diversion weir of the downstream power station. station Alternative II: Tail channel of the upstream power station discharging into the head race channel of the downstream power p station.

Asiganga- II Power House

VIEW OF TRENCH WEIR FOR ASIGANGA I- SHP

VIEW OF ASIGANGA II TRENCH WEIR

M K

w Flo

Intake
11.1
6.85

P
4.7

2. 3

0.3

annel Open Ch FLOW

2.8

Top of RCC Slab 1303.05

P'

Power Duct
2.5 5.5 22.0

1.0 3.0

14.0

1.5

4.2

3.0

2.0

15.2

1.5 3.0 1.0

1300.7
Intake 12.0

0.5.3 0

1.2

23.2 4.2

Under Sluice
M'
3.0 12.5 1.0

1306.0

1306.0

1
River with =38.0 m

1' K K'
17.5 1298.8

1.5

Spcer (of boulder uriccrate)

2.0 29.0 20.57

4.25

5.5 8.25

130 9.0

1.0

6.0

35.0

0.75

RIV ER FLO W

11.6 Under Sluice 1.0 1303.5

20.6

2.0 20 Crest RL 1299.675 5.2

7.5

3.0

1303.5

1306.0

5.0

2.0

RIVER FLOW RIVERFLOW

15

1.0

Weir
12

18.0
9

4.9 7 6.7

RCC Cutoff (Central)

6

RCC Cutoff (D/S)

2
17.3
3

2'

7.8 8.5

8.8 7

1303.3
12.0

1300.87

1298.8

Ellip se

TR C

FL OW
9.0

U/S RCC Cutoff (U/S) 17.5 1.5 Total width of Bridge 5.5 m 1.0 1306.0

One row of CC M15 Blocks of Size 2.0x2.0x1.0 m

3.0

Power Duct P D t

Mein Gate Axis Right Side D/S Wing wall (RCC M20)

FL OW
TR As C F iga LO nga W -II S HP

Asiganga -II SHP TRC Flow

DIVERSION WEIR FOR ASIGANGA-III SHP

R ailing G ate H oist G H ate oist arrangem ent G infully ate openposition

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

3.925 3925

Topof Left sidew w ing all 0.4 stoploggate groove P level 1303.3 ond 1.0 0.4

1.0

1306.00

1303.6 Topof gate

3.925

3.75

1300.7 2.0 R C off cc ut

1.5 0.3 0.15 015 1298.55 0.75

0.3mthick U /S R CFloor C 1.0

G infully ate closedposition

S tobe oil excavated

NL S

1299.675 1.5 1298.175 0.15 C M C 10 1.0

B S S 20 U S Floor ed lope =1 nder luice 1.0mthickR 10mthickR C C

R CM C 20 C off ut 1.5 1 1298.8

Tw row of C B (C M o s C lock C 15) of size(2.0x2.0x1.0) w nogaps b t bl k ith botamblocks

1.0
0.15 C M thick C 10 3.0 1295.8 0.75

1298.46

C B (C M ) C lock C 15 of size(2.0x2.0x1.5)

20.57

17.5

6.75

38.07

S C N: 1- 1' E TIO

L-SECTION L SECTION THROUGH UNDER SLUICE OF DIVERSION WEIR FOR ASIGANGA-III SHP

1306.0 Top of Left side wing wall

2.7

1303.3 1.0 1.0

0.3

NSL 1.5

3.0

0.3

RCCM20 3.0

0.3

3.0

0.3

3.0

Slope 1 S = 8.46
0.3

3.0

Soil to be Excavated
2.75

NSL

1301.0 0.75 5 RCCCut RCCCut off Grouted Boulders

0. 03 0.4 0.3

1.5 1300.87 130087 2.0 1298.5 0.75 1.0

CC M CCM 15 Block of Size 2x2x1 mwith no gap 1.5 1298.8 1297.8 Rcc Cut off 3.0 1295.8 0.75 1.0 2.0 2.0 Two Rows of Cc Blocks of Size 2x2x1 m One Rowof CCBlock 1.5 2x2x1.5 m

Rcc M20 Cut off

20.57 44.82

17.5

6.75

SECTION: 2 - 2'

L- SECTION THROUGH OVERFLOW SECTION OF DIVERSION WEIR FOR ASIGANGA-III SHP

DESILTING TANK -LONGITUDINAL SECTION LONGITUDINAL

20.09 Hopper Type Desilting Tank

1302.45 Free Board = 0.5

Water Surface 1.3

1.79

1302.40

FLOW
Depth of Flow = 3.5

FLOW
2.2 0.3 3 5.9
1298.95

1301.1

2.6 1.0

5.9 0.7

0.3 3

5.9
1298.9

2.6 1.0 3.2

Depth = 3.2 of Hopper

1.1 0.45 0.3 0.15 1.65 1 65

0.6 0.45 0.6

Stone Masonry 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6m dia Flushing Pipe 0.15

Stone 0.95 Masonry 0.6 0.3 0.150.45 m dia Flushing Fl shing Pipe 0.15

Stone Masonry

1295.7

1.1 0.45 0.3 0.15 Stone Masonry

1294.2

1.8 2.0

0.15

1.65

0.15

SECTION : A - A'

DESILTING TANK -CROSS SECTION CROSS

Lean Season Flow Channel 0.3 0.3 2.2

12.4 0.3 0.3 1.2

0.2

0.5 Rcc M 20 1.8 2.0 0.6 0.3 CC M 10

1302.4

Free Board = 0.5

0.3

Rcc M20 3.5 0.6 5.9 Rcc M 20 1.0 Stone y Masonry 1.0 Steel Plate 0.7m x 0.7m x 6mm 3.2 Sluice Valve 0.45 m dia Flushing Pipe (Curved at end) ( ) Flushing Channel
1294.05
1.5 0.5 1.0 0.23 m thick Boulders half grouted 2.5 RCC 0.23 0.3 RCC M 20 CC M 10 0.3 2.0 0.3 0.15

5.9
1298.9

0.6

1.0

0.23

Size of Hopper 5.9 m x5.9 m RCC M 20 Stone Masonry

CC M10 0.15

Stone Masonry

1295.7

0.6 1.6
FLOW FLOW
0.3 0.45 0.3 0.15

0.45 m dia pipe

Open space RCC M 20

1290.87
0.15

SECTION : B - B'

0.3

Alternative-I Alternative I
The cost of a separate weir, intake and desilting tank for Asiganga-III SHP was estimated to cost as below: Weir and intake Rs. 374.20 x 105 Desilting tank Rs. 162.66 x 105 -------------------- Total Rs. 536.86 x 105 (Euro 925,620) --------------------

FOREBAY SPILLWAY

POWER CHANNEL

ASIGANGA II POWER HOUSE

Discharge to Asiganga III Power House

AQUEDUCT

Penstock Header

BY PASS PIPE 1400 mm

Collection chamber Stilling Basin

Gate Control Structure

ASIGANGA - II SHP (UPSTREAM - POWER STATION)

Draft Tube Gates

Tail Race channel Flushing Pipe

5000
To Head Race Channel of D/S Power Station - Asiganga - III SHP

Tail Pool

Gate For Tail Race Channel BYPASS TO RIVER

14000

Over flow weir

RIVER FLOW

ASIGANGA

Figure 2: By pass arrangement with valve

Alternative II
Cost of by pass arrangement with Howel g Bunger valve : Rs.21.00 million (Euro 362,100) C t with G t valve (Bonnet Type and Cost ith Gate l (B tT d Hydraulic Hoist) : Rs. 6.00 million (Euro 103,450)

OPERATION SCHEDULE WITH BY PASS GATE VALVE

Condition discharge availability with respect to design discharge 100% 100% 100% 50% - 100% 25% - 50%

Asiganga-II Two generating units (2 x 2.25 MW) Unit availability Both One None One / both One / both Unit in operation Both One None One / both One

Asiganga-III Two generating units (2 x 3.75 MW) Unit availability Both Both Both One / both One / both Unit Operation possible Both One unit Both One / both One unit

By pass yp valve status

Remarks

Fully closed Fully closed Fully open Fully closed Fully closed Revenue loss

F o re b a y S p illw a y C re s t T ra s h R a c k

O pen Pow er C hannel

S lu ic e V a lv e E scape C hannel ( S te p p e d F a ll)

M a in P e n s to c k S te p p e d S p illw a y FLOW P o w e r H o u s e o f A s ig a n g a - I I ( 2 x 2 .2 5 = 4 .5 M W ) ( U /S P o w e r H o u s e ) C hannel C H -4 (A s i II S c o p e ) i2 0 .0 8 .0

U n it P e n s to c k

1 0 .0 2 6 .0

5 .0

O ffic e

C o n tro l R o o m

EB M a c h in e H a ll DT G1
2 7 .5 S cope of A s ig a n g a -II T a il Pool 1 2 .0 m T r a n s itio n 9 .0 m G a te s o n H e a d R e g u la to r 6 .5 m A p p ro a c h C h a n n e l C H 1 1 6 .0
P ow e r D uct / C ha nnel C H 3 to H e a d R a c e o f D /S P o w e r S ta tio n

S tillin g B a s in

DT G2

G3 G2
H e a d R e g u la to r fo r A s i.- I II 2 .0

C hannel C H -5 (A s i-II S c o p e ) FLOW

2 .0

G4
S tillin g B a s in FLOW

4 4 .0 S cope of A s i a n g a -III ig III

G1
FLOW

2 .0

FLOW C hannel C H -2 ( A s i- III S c o p e )

C hannel C H -6 ( A s i-II S c o p e ) F a ll & S tillin g B a s in

2 .0

R i ht Bank Li e of R i er ig in iv
4 .5

R IV E R A S IG A N G A

FLO W

Figure 3 : By Pass Arrangement of discharge near Asi-II Power House to be delivered to Asi-III

OPERATION SCHEDULE OF CHANNELS WITH VERTICAL GATES

Sl . N o. Regulation of CHANNELS as per conditions (Schedule) (Discharge in Cumec) Schedule / conditions of schemes Asiganga II & Asiganga III Running fully or partly
Discharge Received in tail pool of Asi.-II

CH-1

CH-2

CH-3

CH-4

CH-5

CH-6

Asi.-II 1. Asi.-III Asi.-II 2. Asi.-III Asi.-II 3. Asi.-III Asi.-II Asi II 4. Asi.-III Asi.-II 5. Asi.-III A i III Asi.-II 6. Asi.-III Asi.-II 7. Asi.-III

Both machines Both machines Both machines One machine Both machines Both machines One machine Both machines Both machines Both B h machines hi Both machines One machine Both machines Both machines

Running at full capacity 9.42 Running at full capacity Running at full capacity 9.42 Running at full capacity Running at full capacity 9.42 Closed, No flow Running at full capacity 4.71 Running at full capacity Closed, No flow Running at full capacity R i f ll i Closed, No flow Running at full capacity Closed, No flow Closed, No flow Closed, No flow Closed, No flow Closed, No flow Closed, No flow Closed, No flow Closed, No flow 4.71 Closed, No flow 3.28 7.22

Closed, No flow Closed, No flow N fl Closed, No flow 2.51

7.22

Closed, No flow Closed, No flow N fl Closed, No flow 4.71

2.2

2.2

3.27 Closed, No flow 7.22

6.14

6.14

9.42 Closed, Closed No flow Closed, No flow Closed, No flow Closed, No flow

9.42

2.2

7.22

7.22

9.42

2.2

3.61

3.61

9.42

5.81

Closed, No flow

Closed, No flow

9.42

9.42

Notes: 1. Running at full capacity covers overload also. 2. 2 All other combinations like two machines running at part load etc are automatically covered under above etc. conditions.

By pass arrangement with vertical gates

Estimated Expenditure on by pass g gates : Rs.5.5 arrangement with vertical g million ( Euro 94,900). This arrangement ensures total independent operation of the down stream power station irrespective of total or partial f y g g availability of generating units in the upstream power station

CONCLUSIONS
By pass arrangement with vertical gates is
Cheaper and economical Uses indigenously available equipment and material ( unlike Howell Bunger valve which is to be imported) b i t d) Ensures total flexibility of operation of both the upstream and downstream power stations stations. Operation of gates though appear to be complicated at first sight is exactly not so as such operations may be required rarely.

Environmental Concerns in Cascade Development

Cascade operation of small h d power stations pose C d ti f ll hydro t ti environmental concerns, as it leads to almost drying up of the natural channel of the stream during low flow periods. g p Presently the practice is to release ten (10) percent of the minimum discharge as the environmental flow. This amount of discharge may not be adequate to preserve the aquatic life and the pristine beauty of the river. Hence, cascade planning for hydro power generation should be contemplated with due consideration of the environment. Such cascade developments should preferably be planned, if there is no habitation along the river stretch with riparian use of water and some smaller perennial streams join the river downstream of the diversion weir.

FOREBAY

ASIGANGA III POWER HOUSE