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Titrations
pH pH

Acid-Base Titrations Acid-Base Titrations

Acid-Base Titrations Acid-Base Titrations

Titrant volume, mL Titrant volume, mL

Adding NaOH from the buret to acetic acid in the flask, a weak acid. In the beginning the pH increases very slowly.

Additional NaOH is added. pH rises as equivalence point is approached.

Acid-Base Titrations Acid-Base Titrations

QUESTION: You titrate 100. mL of a QUESTION: You titrate 100. mL of a 0.025 M solution of benzoic acid with 0.025 M solution of benzoic acid with 0.100 M NaOH to the equivalence point. 0.100 M NaOH to the equivalence point. What is the pH at equivalence point? What is the pH at equivalence point?

Acid-Base Reactions
Section 18.4 QUESTION: You titrate 100. mL of a 0.025 M QUESTION: solution of benzoic acid with 0.100 M NaOH solution of benzoic acid with 0.100 M to the equivalence point. What is the pH of to the equivalence point. What is the pH of the final solution? the final solution? + + HBz + NaOH ---> Na+ + Bz-- + H2O HBz + H2O

Equivalence Equivalence point point pH of solution of pH of solution of benzoic acid, a benzoic acid, a weak acid weak acid

Additional NaOH is added. pH increases and then levels off as NaOH is added beyond the equivalence point.

Benzoic acid + NaOH

C6H5CO2H = HBz

Benzoate ion = Bz-

Acid-Base Reactions
Section 18.4 The product of the titration of benzoic acid, The product of the titration of benzoic acid, the benzoate ion, Bz--,, is the conjugate base the benzoate ion, is the conjugate base of a weak acid. of a weak acid. Therefore, final solution is basic. Therefore, final solution is basic.

QUESTION: You titrate 100. mL of a 0.025 M solution of benzoic acid with 0.100 M NaOH to the equivalence point. What is the pH of the final solution?

Acid-Base Reactions

QUESTION: You titrate 100. mL of a 0.025 M solution of benzoic acid with 0.100 M NaOH to the equivalence point. What is the pH of the final solution?

Acid-Base Reactions

Strategy find the conc. of the find the conc.

conjugate base Bz-- in the solution AFTER conjugate base in the solution AFTER the titration, then calculate pH. the titration, then calculate pH. This is a two-step problem This is a two-step problem 1. stoichiometry of acid-base reaction 1. of acid-base reaction 2. equilibrium calculation 2.

Bz-- + H2O HBz + OH-2

+ +

STOICHIOMETRY PORTION STOICHIOMETRY PORTION 1. Calc. moles of NaOH reqd 1. Calc. Calc. (0.100 L HBz)(0.025 M) = 0.0025 mol HBz (0.100 L HBz)(0.025 This requires 0.0025 mol NaOH This requires 2. Calc. volume of NaOH reqd Calc. 2.Calc. 0.0025 mol (1 L / 0.100 mol) = 0.025 L mol) 0.0025 25 mL of NaOH reqd 25

Kb = 1.6 x

10 -10

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QUESTION: You titrate 100. mL of a 0.025 M solution of benzoic acid with 0.100 M NaOH to the equivalence point. What is the pH of the final solution?

Acid-Base Reactions

Acid-Base Reactions Acid-Base Reactions

QUESTION: You titrate 100. mL of a 0.025 M solution of benzoic acid with 0.100 M NaOH to the equivalence point. What is the pH at equivalence point?

Acid-Base Reactions Acid-Base Reactions

QUESTION: You titrate 100. mL of a 0.025 M solution of benzoic acid with 0.100 M NaOH to the equivalence point. What is the pH at equivalence point?

STOICHIOMETRY PORTION STOICHIOMETRY PORTION 25 mL of NaOH reqd 25 3. Moles of Bz-- produced = moles HBz = 3. Moles of produced = moles 0.0025 mol 0.0025 4. Calc. conc. of Bz-4. Calc. conc. Calc. There are 0.0025 mol of Bz-- in a TOTAL There are 0.0025 in a TOTAL SOLUTION VOLUME of 125 mL SOLUTION VOLUME [Bz-] = 0.0025 mol / 0.125 L = 0.020 M

Equivalence Point Equivalence Point Most important species in solution is benzoate Most important species in solution is benzoate ion, Bz--,, the weak conjugate base of benzoic ion, the weak conjugate base of benzoic acid, HBz. acid, HBz. Bz-- + H2O HBz + OH-Kb = 1.6 x 10-10 Bz + H2O HBz Kb = 1.6 x 10-10 [Bz--] [HBz] [OH--] HBz] [Bz ] [HBz] [OH ] initial 0.020 0 0 initial 0.020 0 0 change -x +x +x change -x +x +x equilib 0.020 - x x x equilib 0.020 - x x x

Equivalence Point Equivalence Point

Most important species in solution is benzoate ion, Bz--,, Most important species in solution is benzoate ion, Bz the weak conjugate base of benzoic acid, HBz. the weak conjugate base of benzoic acid, HBz. HBz. Bz-- + H2O HBz + OH-Kb = 1.6 x 10-10 Bz + H2O HBz + OH Kb = 1.6 x 10-10
Kb 1.6 x 10-10 = x2 0.020 - x

x = [OH-] = 1.8 x 10 -6 pOH = 5.75 -----> pH = 8.25

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QUESTION: You titrate 100. mL of a QUESTION: You titrate 100. mL of a 0.025 M solution of benzoic acid with 0.025 M solution of benzoic acid with 0.100 M NaOH to the equivalence point. 0.100 M NaOH to the equivalence point. What is the pH at half-way point? What is the pH at half-way point?

Acid-Base Reactions Acid-Base Reactions

QUESTION: You titrate 100. mL of a 0.025 M solution of benzoic acid with 0.100 M NaOH

Half-way Half-way point point

What is the pH at the half-way point?

HBz + H2O H3O+ + Bz-HBz + H2O H3O+ + Bz Both HBz and Bz-- are present Both are present
[H3 O ] = [HBz] K a [Bz- ]

Ka = 6.3 x 10 -5 Ka = 6.3 x 10 -5

At the half-way point, [ HBz] = [Bz-] HBz] [Bz Therefore, [H 3O+] = Ka = 6.3 x 10 -5

pH = 4.20