Chris Ortega Jazz History - Homework #5 1.

Miles Trumpet Style Miles Davis had a very unique style, using very little vibrato, with sometimes strictly modal playing. Davis liked to use the harmon mute due to its voice like qualities. He also would use certain techniques like "half fingerings," slightly depressing the valves to get microtones or removing tuning slides in order to get a more passionate sound. His trumpet style is instantly recognizable and it influenced a large group of musicians. 2. Miles Davis Classic Quintet In 1955, Davis formed the first Miles Davis Quintet. The quintet featured John Coltrane (tenor saxophone), Red Garland (piano), Paul Chambers (double bass) and Philly Joe Jones (drums). Davis used the quintet to play long, legato, and melodic lines, which would be the key to modal jazz. The quintet made four albums on Prestige (Cookin', Relaxin', Workin', and Steamin') and one on Columbia (Round About Midnight). 3. Clifford Brown Famous trumpeter that died at the age of 25 in a road accident, leaving behind only four years' worth of recordings. Fats Navarro, who was his main influence, encouraged Brown, as did Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie. Brown has a fat warm rich tone, a bop-ish style. In 1954 Brown traveled to Los Angeles to for a quintet with drummer Max Roach that quickly became one of the leading modern jazz ensembles. 4. Cannonball Adderley Cannonball Adderly was a jazz alto saxophonist in the hard bop era. He had a exuberant and happy sound that easily connected with listeners. The Miles Davis Quintet re formed in 1958 with Cannonball and recorded Milestones for Columbia, along with Kind of Blue. Adderley's second attempt to form a quintet with his brother was much more successful in 1959, with their hit "This Here". 5. Sonny Rollins Sonny Rollins was a tenor saxophonist of the bebop and hard bop era. His style had a fluidity, with harmonically innovative ideas, a effortless manner, and he made his recordings easily identifiable and accessible. He was a member of the Clifford Brown/Max Roach quintet, and he later formed his own group. His robust tone and technical dexterity are matched with the fastness that he plays which has a sort of endurance to it. His compositions became jazz standards such as "St. Thomas", "Oleo", "Doxy", and "Airegin".

6. John Coltrane Coltrane was a saxophonist in the bebop and hard bop eras, emerging in the 1950s, playing tenor and soprano sax with Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis and Thelonious Monk. He helped

pioneer the use of modal playing in jazz with Miles Davis and later was at forefront of free jazz. He used a lot of experimentation and improvisation, and his later recordings reflecting his belief that music was a form of "spiritual expression".