BS en 1371-1-1997 Sand, Gravity Die and Low Pressure Die Casting

BRITISH STANDARD
Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Mon Dec 25 10:47:55 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
Founding Liquid penetrant inspection

Part 1. Sand, gravity die and low pressure die castings
The European Standard EN 1371-1 : 1997 has the status of a British Standard
ICS 77.040.20; 77.140.80; 77.150.99
NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
BS EN 1371-1 : 1997
BS EN 1371-1 : 1997
National foreword
This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1371-1 : 1997. It supersedes BS 4080 : Part 2 : 1989 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ISE/NFE/9, Foundry Technology, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled `International Standards Correspondence Index', or by using the `Find' facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 26, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 November 1997 BSI 1997
Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected
ISBN 0 580 28601 0
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM
EN 1371-1
June 1997
ICS 77.140.80; 77.150.99 Descriptors: Foundry engineering, castings, steels, cast iron, surface condition, inspection, nondestructive tests, liquid penetrant tests, surface defects, acceptability
English version
Founding Liquid penetrant inspection Part 1: Sand, gravity die and low pressure die castings
Fonderie Controle par ressuage Partie 1: Pie ces moule au sable, en coquille, par gravite et es basse pression
Gieereiwesen Eindringprufung Teil 1: Sand- , Schwerkraftkokillen- und Niederdruckkokillengustucke
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1997-06-02. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CEN
European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe de Normalisation en Europa isches Komitee fur Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1997 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1371-1 : 1997 E
Page 2 EN 1371-1 : 1997
Foreword
This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 190, Foundry technology, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 1997. Within its programme of work, Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 requested CEN/TC 190/WG 4.20, Surface inspection, to prepare the following standard: EN 1371-1 Founding Liquid penetrant inspection Part 1: Sand, gravity die and low pressure die castings This is one of two European Standards for liquid penetrant inspection. The other standard is: prEN 1371-2 Founding Liquid penetrant inspection Part 2: Investment castings According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Contents
Foreword Introduction 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Conditions for liquid penetrant inspection 4 Method of inspection 4.1 Operating mode 4.2 Qualification of the operators 4.3 Surface preparation 4.4 Conditions of inspection 5 Acceptance criteria 5.1 Indications of discontinuities 5.2 Definition of liquid penetrant inspection indications 5.3 Severity levels 6 Classification of the indications and interpretation of results 7 Ordering 8 Retesting 9 Post-examination cleaning procedures 10 Inspection documentation Tables 1 Nature of discontinuities and types of corresponding liquid penetrant inspection indications 2 Severity levels for liquid penetrant inspection Non-linear indications isolated (SP) or clustered (CP) 3 Severity levels for liquid penetrant inspection Linear (LP) and aligned (AP) indications 4 Recommended surface finish for liquid penetrant inspection Annexes A (informative) Bibliography B (informative) Reference figures Non-linear isolated indications designated SP C (informative) Reference figures Non-linear indications designated SP and CP D (informative) Reference figures Linear and aligned indications designated LP and AP E (informative) Model of a liquid penetrant inspection document Page 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5
7 8 9 9 14 17 24
BSI 1997
Page 3 EN 1371-1 : 1997
Introduction
This European Standard complements the general principles of liquid penetrant inspection given in EN 571 for the additional requirements of the foundry industry. Liquid penetrant inspection, as well as any other non destructive examination method, is part of a general or specific assessment of the quality of a casting to be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of acceptance of the order. Penetrant testing examination of castings is standardized in two parts: EN 1371-1: Sand, gravity die and low pressure die castings prEN 1371-2: Investment castings
3 Conditions for liquid penetrant inspection

The manufacturing stage(s) when liquid penetrant inspection is to be performed shall be clearly defined by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Inspection shall be carried out only on those areas of the castings and on the percentage of castings agreed. Inspection requirements shall be clearly stated in the call for tender, in the request for prices and, more particularly, in the order sent to the manufacturer and accepted by him, so that the manufacturer can assess the costs of manfacturing to satisfy the required severity level and the costs of additional inspections and operations, and the manufacturing risks involved. For each agreed area of the casting to be inspected, the following shall be indicated: type of discontinuity; severity level. Sensitivity can differ depending on the method of liquid penetrant inspection selected. Therefore the severity levels required shall be selected as a function of the liquid penetrants used and the method agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. The type of discontinuity and the severity level can vary depending on the area of the casting inspected (see tables 1 to 3).
1 Scope
This European Standard applies to the liquid penetrant testing of all castings (except copper-tin and/or copper-tin-lead alloy castings, where copper is the major constituent) produced in conventional sand moulds by gravity and low-pressure die casting, whatever their grade and the casting procedure used to produce them. This standard does not apply to investment and pressure die castings.
2 Normative references
This standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 473 Qualification and certification of NDT personnel General principles EN 571-1 Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 1: General principles EN 1370 Founding Surface roughness inspection by visualtactile comparators prEN 1371-2 Founding Liquid penetrant inspection Part 2: Investment castings prEN 1956 Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing Viewing conditions
NOTE. Informative reference to documents used in the preparation of this standard, and cited at the appropriate places in the text, are listed in a bibliography, see annex A.
4 Method of inspection
4.1 Operating mode Inspection shall be carried out as described in EN 571-1. The characteristics of the penetrant materials shall be checked in accordance with specifications to be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 4.2 Qualification of the operators Inspection shall be performed by personnel qualified in accordance with EN 473 or by a certification scheme which is considered to be equivalent. The qualification level of the personnel shall be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of acceptance of the order. 4.3 Surface preparation The surface to be inspected shall be clean and free from oil, grease, moulding and coating residues or any other contaminant which could interfere with the correct implementation and interpretation of the penetrant inspection test results. The surface finish of the casting in the area to be tested shall have sufficient brightness and contrast of colour and adequate shape to determine the required severity level. Unless otherwise specified at the time of ordering, the surface finish shall be selected from table 4.
NOTE. It is recommended that the assessment of surface finish is carried out using a visual cast-surface roughness comparator.
BSI 1997
Page 4 EN 1371-1 : 1997
Liquid penetrant inspection shall be performed on castings in the as-delivered conditon. If sand blasting or shot blasting 1) is required, it shall be as light as possible, in order to avoid sealing or closing up possible discontinuities. If the risk of sealing or closing up possible discontinuities is unacceptable, then blasting shall be followed by chemical etching in order to enable detection of discontinuities. The chemical composition of the etching bath and other parameters such as concentration, temperature, immersion time, neutralizing and rinsing, if applicable, shall be recorded. 4.4 Conditions of inspection The inspection shall be carried out with the naked eye or at a maximum magnification of 3 and viewing conditions in conformity with prEN 1956.
isolated (SP); clustered (CP): area of multiple indications, the distance between the indications cannot be measured (they seem to form only one indication); c) aligned indication (AP). Indications that are either: linear: the distance between two indications is smaller than the length of the longest discontinuity in the alignment; or non-linear: the distance between two indications is less than 2 mm and at least three indications are noted. 5.3 Severity levels 5.3.1 General Several severity levels are recognized in accordance with tables 2 and 3. It is necessary to carry out the test on a surface corresponding to a given degree of finish (see table 4) depending on the severity level desired. The liquid penetrant inspection for each type of indication and its severity levels shall be specified at the time of ordering, by the purchaser, depending on the use of the castings. The manufacturer shall give his agreement. The penetrant indications to be taken into account shall have dimensions in accordance with the severity level. The required severity level shall be selected accordingly and specified in the order by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 5.3.2 Criteria The maximum permissible length for linear or aligned indications varies with the section thickness t. Three section thickness types are specified (see table 3): type a: t # 16 mm; type b: 16 mm < t # 50 mm; type c: t > 50 mm. Tables 2 and 3 show the largest dimensions of the smallest indications to be considered in the severity level concerned. 5.3.3 Tables Table 2 corresponds to non-linear isolated or non-linear clustered indications. Examples of non-linear indications are shown in annexes B and C. These have been established in accordance with table 2; the reference figures are given to and shall be interpreted against a scale of 1:1. Table 3 corresponds to linear or aligned indications. Tables 2 and 3 are independent (differing severity levels may be selected from these tables).
5 Acceptance criteria
5.1 Indications of discontinuities 5.1.1 General The indication of discontinuities can be non-linear (isolated or clustered), aligned or linear. Although liquid penetrant inspection cannot generally be used to determine the size of detected discontinuities, it allows discontinuities to be assessed by measurement of the length L of the indication. In the following clauses: L indicates length; W indicates width; t indicates section thickness; P indicates liquid penetrant; SP indicates non-linear isolated indication; CP indicates non-linear clustered indication; AP indicates aligned indication; LP indicates linear indication. 5.1.2 Criteria The various types of penetrant indication can correspond to the discontinuities (A, B, C, etc.) shown in table 1. The physical discontinuities detailed in table 1 shall give either a non-linear, linear or aligned liquid penetrant inspection indication. 5.2 Definition of liquid penetrant inspection indications a) linear indication (LP). An indication with the largest dimension three or more times its smallest dimension (i.e. L $ 3W); b) non-linear indication. An indication with the largest dimension less than three times its smallest dimension (i.e. L < 3W):
1)
Shot blasting is not recommended prior to liquid penetrant testing.
BSI 1997
Page 5 EN 1371-1 : 1997
6 Classification of the indications and interpretation of results

In order to classify an indication of discontinuity, a frame measuring 105 mm 3 148 mm 2) should be placed in the most unfavourable location. The observed indications shall be in relation to the reference severity levels as described in this standard and compared to the equivalent or immediately better severity level. Indications shall be considered to be equivalent when the same number of non-linear spots and/or the same length of linear indications of similar appearance are detected. Maximum permissible discontinuities may appear simultaneously on the area of 105 mm 3 148 mm2). If, for any indication type, the observed severity level is worse than that specified in the order, the casting shall be considered to be in non-conformance with this standard. It shall be considered as conforming with this standard when the observed severity level is equal to or better than that specified in the order. For severity levels 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, classification shall be made by comparison with reference figures. For severity levels 001, 01, 02 and 03, and in the event of dispute in the interpretation of severity levels 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, reference shall be made to the values in tables 2 and 3.
NOTE 1. Reference figures corresponding to non-linear, aligned and clustered indications in accordance with tables 2 and 3 are represented in annexes B, C and D for guidance only, drawn to a scale of 1:1.
7 Ordering
The enquiry and/or order shall specify the following points: a) the area(s) of the casting(s) and percentage of castings to be inspected (see clause 3); b) the manufacturing stage or stages when the inspection is to be carried out, as agreed between the parties (see clause 3); c) the type of discontinuity indications and the severity level for each area of the casting(s) to be inspected (see clause 3 and 5.2).
8 Retesting
Retesting shall be in accordance with EN 571-1.
9 Post-examination cleaning procedures

Post-examination cleaning procedures shall be in accordance with EN 571-1.
10 Inspection documentation
Inspection documentation shall be in accordance with EN 571-1. A model of a trilingual inspection document is shown in annex E.
The requirements detailed in the order or in the specifications shall be written in conformance to the terminology used in this standard. Examples of how the requirements shall be specified are as follows: non-linear indications level 2 (abbreviated as SP 2); linear and aligned indications level 5 (abbreviated as LP 5c and AP 5c).
NOTE 2. `c' in LP 5c means that the section thickness type t is greater than 50 mm. NOTE 3. Severity level references are arbitrary. They cannot be considered in the same progression from one table to the other, nor from one kind of indication to another. NOTE 4. Provided that, on the casting surface, no tested area contains discontinuities which exceed the agreed severity level, there is no limit to the acceptability of discontinuities.
2)
ISO format A6. If the casting dimensions in total are smaller than 105 mm 3 148 mm, then the indicating criteria should be in proportion to the surface area and agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
BSI 1997
Page 6 EN 1371-1 : 1997
Table 1. Nature of discontinuities and types of corresponding liquid penetrant inspection indications
Nature of discontinuities Symbol Types of liquid penetrant inspection indications non-linear isolated SP clustered CP LP AP linear aligned
Gas porosity Sand and/or slag inclusions (other than alumina) Shrinkage defects due to nitrogen1) Cracks Hot tears Inserts Laps and cold shuts Presence of alumina2) Graphite flotation1)
1) 2)
A B C D E F H J K
X X X
X X X
X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X No image, but `background' indications
For cast iron only. For non-ferrous alloys only.
Table 2. Severity levels for liquid penetrant inspection Non-linear indications1) isolated (SP) or clustered (CP)
Characteristic Severity levels SP 012) SP 02 CP 012) CP 02 SP 03 CP 03 SP 1 CP 1 SP 2 CP 2 SP 3 CP 3 SP 4 SP 5
Inspection means Magnification for observation of penetrant indication Diameter of smallest indication to be considered in mm Maximum number of non-linear indications allowed Maximum size of discontinuity indication A, B, C and F allowed in mm isolated indications SP clustered indications CP (for aluminium alloys only, with a maximum of 2 per area)
1) 2)
Magnifying glass or eye #3 1 0,3 5 0,5 6 1 7 1,5 8 2 8
eye
3 12
5 20
5 32
1 3
1 4
1,5 6
3 10
6 16
9 25
14
21
Such that L # 3W, where L is the length and W is the width of the indication. Severity level to be reserved for particular uses. NOTE 1. Only values expressed in this table are valid. Reference figures are for information only (see annexes B and C). NOTE 2. The sensitivity can differ depending on the method of penetrant inspection selected. NOTE 3. The penetrant indications may grow over a period of time and this should be taken into account.
BSI 1997
1)
BSI 1997
Table 3. Severity levels for liquid penetrant inspection Linear (LP) and aligned (AP) indications
Page 7 EN 1371-1 : 1997
Page 8 EN 1371-1 : 1997
Table 4. Recommended surface finish for liquid penetrant inspection

Dimension of smallest indication mm Visualtactile comparators 1)
BNIF2)
SCRATA 2)
0,3 1,5 2 $3
1) 2)
2/0SI 1/0SI 1 S2 2 S2 1 S1 2 S1 3 S2 4 S2 2 S1 3 S1 4 S2 5 S2 non specified (rough surface)
A1 H1 A2 H2 A3A4 H3
See EN 1370. See annex A.
BSI 1997
Page 9 EN 1371-1 : 1997
Annex A (informative) Bibliography

In the preparation of this European Standard, use was made of a number of documents for reference purposes. These informative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. ISO 4987 ISO 9916 Steel castings Penetrant inspection Aluminium alloy and magnesium alloy castings Liquid penetrant inspection
Annex B (informative) Reference figures Non-linear isolated indications designated SP

Valid for all cast alloys, except cast aluminium and magnesium alloys.
NOTE. All reference figures shown in this annex are for guidance only and are drawn, and shall be used, at a scale of 1:1.
SCRATA comparators for the definition of surface quality of steel castings, available from The Castings Development Centre Ltd., 7 East Bank Road, Sheffield, S2 3PT, United Kingdom. BNIF 359 Recommandation technique du Bureau de Normalisation des Industries de la Fonderie. Caracterisation d'etats de surface des pieces moulees Utilisation des echantillons types de 110 3 160 mm, available from Editions Techniques des Industries de la Fonderie, 44 avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92310 Se vres, France.
Figure B.1 Severity level SP 1
BSI 1997
Page 10 EN 1371-1 : 1997
BSI 1997
BSI 1997
Page 11 EN 1371-1 : 1997
Page 12 EN 1371-1 : 1997
BSI 1997
BSI 1997
Page 13 EN 1371-1 : 1997
Page 14 EN 1371-1 : 1997
Annex C (informative) Reference figures Non-linear indications designated SP and CP

Valid only for aluminium and magnesium cast alloys.
Figure C.1 Severity level SP 1 CP 1
BSI 1997
BSI 1997
Page 15 EN 1371-1 : 1997
Page 16 EN 1371-1 : 1997
BSI 1997
Page 17 EN 1371-1 : 1997
Annex D (informative) Reference figures Linear and aligned indications designated LP and AP
Valid for all cast alloys.
Figure D.1 Severity level LP 1a AP 1a
BSI 1997
Page 18 EN 1371-1 : 1997
Figure D.2 Severity level 1b AP 1b [LP 2a*) AP 2a*)]

*) Approximately comparable at these severity levels.
BSI 1997
Page 19 EN 1371-1 : 1997
Figure D.3 Severity level LP 1c AP 1c [LP 2b*) AP 2b*) or LP 3a*) AP 3a*)]

BSI 1997
Page 20 EN 1371-1 : 1997

BSI 1997
Page 21 EN 1371-1 : 1997

BSI 1997
Page 22 EN 1371-1 : 1997
Figure D.6 Severity level LP 4c AP 4c [LP 5b*) AP 5b*)]

BSI 1997
BSI 1997
Figure D.7 Severity level LP 5c AP 5c
Page 23 EN 1371-1 : 1997
Page 24 EN 1371-1 : 1997
Annex E (informative) Model of a liquid penetrant inspection document

Company Socie te Firma Liquid-penetrant inspection document Document de controle Prufbescheinigung zur Eindringprufung No. no Nr. Sheet Page Blatt According to Conforme a Entsprechend Order No. Commande no Bestell-Nr. Material Nuance Werkstoff Quantity Quantite Menge Casting designation De signation des pie ces Gustuckbezeichnung Lot No. no du lot Los Nr. Heat No. Coule no e Schmelze Nr. Drawing No. Plan no Zeichnung Nr.
Customer Client Kunde Specification Spe cification Vorschrift Identification Marquage Kennzeichnung
Area examined zone controle - Prufbereich e 100 % testing scheme plan de controle Prufplan cavity root fonds affouillements Ausmuldung fur Schweiung Stage stade Zustand after heat treatment apre traitement thermique - nach Warmebehandlung s before stress relieving avant de tensionnement vor Spannungsarmgluhen Dye-penetrant pe trant Eindringmittel....................................................................................................................... ne Trademark marque Handelsmarke................................................................................................................................ Excess penetrant remover produit de lavage Spulmittel ........................................................................................... Trademark marque Handelsmarke................................................................................................................................ Developer re lateur Entwickler .................................................................................................................................. ve Trademark marque Handelsmarke................................................................................................................................ (continued)
BSI 1997
Page 25 EN 1371-1 : 1997
Model (continued) Testing conditions conditions d'examen Prufbedingungen Surface condition e de surface Oberfla tat chenzustand shot blasted grenaille gestrahlt ground meule geschliffen machined usine mechanisch bearbeitet Casting temperature tempe rature de la pie moule Gustucktemperatur ce e 5 C up to/jusqu'a /bis 14 C 15 C up to/jusqu'a /bis 35 C 36 C up to/jisqu'a /bis 55 C ............................................. C Pre-cleaning nettoyage pre alable Vorreinigung yes oui ja no non nein Penetrant application application du pe trant Auftragen des Prufmittels ne brush pinceau Pinsel spray pulve risation Spruhen dip immersion Tauchen Penetration time temps d'impre gnation Eindringdauer ..................... min Penetration removal elimination du pene trant Entfernen des Eindringmittels cleaning with water lavage a l'eau Abspulen mit Wasser solvent solvant Losemittel Drying time dure de se e chage Trocknungsdauer ................................min Drying temperature tempe rature de se chage Trocknungstemperatur......................C Developer application application du re lateur Anwendung des Entwicklers ve brush pinceau Pinsel spray pulve risation Spruhen wet humide na dry sec trocken Developing time temps de re lation Entwicklungsdauer .......................... min ve Illumination e clairage Beleuchtung natural naturel Tageslicht artificial artificiel kunstlich ultraviolet ultraviolet ultraviolett Testing results resultats de l'examen Prufergebnisse According to conforme a entsprechend ................................................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................................. Accepted accepte abgenommen yes oui ja no non nein Non-conformance note fiche d'anomalie Beanstandung ................................................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................................................. (continued)
BSI 1997
Page 26 EN 1371-1 : 1997
Model (continued) Continuation sheet annexe Fortsetzungsblatt yes oui ja no non nein Inspection authority organisme de controle Abnahmegesellschaft ................................................................................................................................................................................................ Quality assurance section service assurance qualite Abteilung Qualita tssicherung ................................................................................................................................................................................................ Date date Datum ................................................................................................................................................................................................ Signature of inspector/operator signature de l'inspecteur/controleur Unterschrift des Leiters der Prufstelle/Prufers ................................................................................................................................................................................................
If applicable, tick the relevant box. Suivant le cas, cocher le case correspondante. Falls zutreffend, Entsprechendes ankreuzen.
BSI 1997
blank
BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
BSI British Standards Institution

BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions. It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover. Tel: 020 8996 9000. Fax: 020 8996 7400. BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards. Buying standards Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Services. Tel: 020 8996 9001. Fax: 020 8996 7001. In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless otherwise requested. Information on standards BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service. Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its products and services. Contact the Information Centre. Tel: 020 8996 7111. Fax: 020 8996 7048. Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards. For details of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration. Tel: 020 8996 7002. Fax: 020 8996 7001. Copyright Copyright subsists in all BSI publications. BSI also holds the copyright, in the UK, of the publications of the international standardization bodies. Except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission from BSI. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If these details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior written permission of BSI must be obtained. If permission is granted, the terms may include royalty payments or a licensing agreement. Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright Manager. Tel: 020 8996 7070.

BS en 1371-1-1997 Sand, Gravity Die and Low Pressure Die Casting

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Descrição original:

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

BS en 1371-1-1997 Sand, Gravity Die and Low Pressure Die Casting

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

BRITISH STANDARD

Founding Liquid penetrant inspection

ICS 77.040.20; 77.140.80; 77.150.99

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected

ISBN 0 580 28601 0

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM

Gieereiwesen Eindringprufung Teil 1: Sand- , Schwerkraftkokillen- und Niederdruckkokillengustucke

Page 2 EN 1371-1 : 1997

Page 3 EN 1371-1 : 1997

3 Conditions for liquid penetrant inspection

Page 4 EN 1371-1 : 1997

Shot blasting is not recommended prior to liquid penetrant testing.

Page 5 EN 1371-1 : 1997

6 Classification of the indications and interpretation of results

9 Post-examination cleaning procedures

Page 6 EN 1371-1 : 1997

X X X X X X No image, but `background' indications

For cast iron only. For non-ferrous alloys only.

Magnifying glass or eye #3 1 0,3 5 0,5 6 1 7 1,5 8 2 8

Page 7 EN 1371-1 : 1997

Page 8 EN 1371-1 : 1997

Table 4. Recommended surface finish for liquid penetrant inspection

2/0SI 1/0SI 1 S2 2 S2 1 S1 2 S1 3 S2 4 S2 2 S1 3 S1 4 S2 5 S2 non specified (rough surface)

See EN 1370. See annex A.

Page 9 EN 1371-1 : 1997

Annex A (informative) Bibliography

Annex B (informative) Reference figures Non-linear isolated indications designated SP

Figure B.1 Severity level SP 1

Page 10 EN 1371-1 : 1997

Figure B.2 Severity level SP 2

Figure B.3 Severity level SP 3

Page 11 EN 1371-1 : 1997

Page 12 EN 1371-1 : 1997

Figure B.4 Severity level SP 4

Figure B.5 Severity level SP 5

Page 13 EN 1371-1 : 1997

Page 14 EN 1371-1 : 1997

Annex C (informative) Reference figures Non-linear indications designated SP and CP

Figure C.1 Severity level SP 1 CP 1

Figure C.2 Severity level SP 2 CP 2

Page 15 EN 1371-1 : 1997

Page 16 EN 1371-1 : 1997

Figure C.3 Severity level SP 3 CP 3

Page 17 EN 1371-1 : 1997

Figure D.1 Severity level LP 1a AP 1a

Page 18 EN 1371-1 : 1997

Figure D.2 Severity level 1b AP 1b [LP 2a*) AP 2a*)]

Page 19 EN 1371-1 : 1997

Figure D.3 Severity level LP 1c AP 1c [LP 2b*) AP 2b*) or LP 3a*) AP 3a*)]

Page 20 EN 1371-1 : 1997

Figure D.4 Severity level LP 2c AP 2c [LP 3b*) AP 3b*) or LP 4a*) AP 4a*)]

Page 21 EN 1371-1 : 1997

Figure D.5 Severity level LP 3c AP 3c [LP 4b*) AP 4b*) or LP 5a*) AP 5a*)]

Page 22 EN 1371-1 : 1997

Figure D.6 Severity level LP 4c AP 4c [LP 5b*) AP 5b*)]

Figure D.7 Severity level LP 5c AP 5c

Page 23 EN 1371-1 : 1997

Page 24 EN 1371-1 : 1997

Annex E (informative) Model of a liquid penetrant inspection document

Page 25 EN 1371-1 : 1997

Page 26 EN 1371-1 : 1997

BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL

Figure D.2 Severity level 1b AP 1b [LP 2a) AP 2a)]

Figure D.3 Severity level LP 1c AP 1c [LP 2b) AP 2b) or LP 3a) AP 3a)]

Figure D.4 Severity level LP 2c AP 2c [LP 3b) AP 3b) or LP 4a) AP 4a)]

Figure D.5 Severity level LP 3c AP 3c [LP 4b) AP 4b) or LP 5a) AP 5a)]

Figure D.6 Severity level LP 4c AP 4c [LP 5b) AP 5b)]