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Source: Arslan et al., Cognitive
Wireless Communication Networks,
Springer
Koilpillai / Dec 2012 / Cognitive Radio 50
IITB TVWS&CR Workshop
Electrical Engineering
IIT Madras
UWB-based CCC
Each CR node is equipped with UWB interface
For CCC
Other radio interfaces for data communication
UWB cause negligible interference to NB systems
Using a common spreading code, nodes discover each other
UWB radio interfaces with low complexity and power consumption
May be able to achieve radio range of 100 m
UWB spreading code common to all nodes
After two nodes connect, fix spreading code message exchange
Accessing CCC via Aloha scheme
Commonly used in UWB systems
Koilpillai / Dec 2012 / Cognitive Radio 51
IITB TVWS&CR Workshop
Electrical Engineering
IIT Madras
Research / Design Challenges
CCC Design
Security of CC seldom addressed in licensed systems
Anti-Jamming techniques widely known
New challenges in CR networks
Impact of jamming on PU Activity
Will affect CC of CR Network
Needs to be investigated
CRAHN Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks
CCC jamming in CRAHN
Does not have single node with authority for coordinated action
Cluster-based CCC
Challenge if Cluster Head is compromised
Key Issue - Jamming-resilient CCC Scheme
Koilpillai / Dec 2012 / Cognitive Radio 52
IITB TVWS&CR Workshop
Electrical Engineering
IIT Madras
802.22 Spectrum Sensing
IEEE 802.22 CR-based WRAN PHY and MAC layer protocols
Contention based DAB protocol with centralised architecture
Each cell Base station (BS) + Associated Secondary users (CPEs)
BS and CPEs perform in-band and out-of-band sensing
BS indicates the channels to sense, sensing period and false alarm
Two stage sensing
Fast Sensing rapid measurements s 1 msec (per channel)
Fine Sensing 25 msec (per channel)
Search for particular signatures of licensed transmissions
Avoid intra-network interferencce
Koilpillai / Dec 2012 / Cognitive Radio 53
IITB TVWS&CR Workshop
Electrical Engineering
IIT Madras
802.22 Dynamic Frequency Hopping
Increase 802.22 performance
Communicating on Channel i (in-band channel)
Observe availability of next working Channel j (Out of band)
To avoid interference to PU, CR network hops to Channel j
Begin sensing on Channel i
Each user has two receivers
Sensing and transmission done in parallel
Simultaneous Sensing and Data Transmission (SSDT)
Guard bands mitigate interference
Dynamic Frequency Hopping Community (DFHC) of coordinated WRANs
Koilpillai / Dec 2012 / Cognitive Radio 54
IITB TVWS&CR Workshop
Electrical Engineering
IIT Madras
802.22 Double Frequency Hopping
Double Hopping for three neighbouring cells
Tdata = Transmit time, Tsens = Sensing time
No transmission during Quiet period (QP)
After Tdata, hop to Sensing Frequency and after Tsens return to working frequency
Max number of
Neighbour cells
= Tdata / Tsens
Koilpillai / Dec 2012 / Cognitive Radio 55
IITB TVWS&CR Workshop
Electrical Engineering
IIT Madras
Summary
The context of Cognitive Radio
A paradigm shift in wireless communications
Role of Common control channels (CCC)
Cellular, Bluetooth, Zigbee
Aspects of CCC for CRs
Design of CCC
CCC a key enabler for CR Networking
Exploit the full potential of CR technology
Significant effort needed to design CCC
Overall, CR is an exciting field
Koilpillai / Dec 2012 / Cognitive Radio 56
IITB TVWS&CR Workshop
Electrical Engineering
IIT Madras
Best wishes to all participants
of TVWS & CR Workshop
Thank You !
Q&A
davidk@iitm.ac.in
Koilpillai / Dec 2012 / Cognitive Radio 57
IITB TVWS&CR Workshop
Electrical Engineering
IIT Madras
David Koilpillai Profile
Education
B.Tech, IIT Madras, MS, PhD Caltech, USA
Work Experience
IIT Madras (2002 present)
Professor, Electrical Engineering Department
Dean (Planning) (October 2011 present)
CEWiT Chief Scientist (Jan 2007 July 2007)
Co-Chair, IIT Hyderabad Task Force (June 2008 Dec 2009)
Ericsson Inc, USA (1990-2002)
Director, Advanced Technologies, Research and Patents
(R&D team of 75 engineers)
Professional
Areas of expertise: Cellular, wireless systems, DSP
32 Issued US patents, 3 Indian patent applications
Publications: 11 Journal, 45 Conference
Research Interests: Broadband wireless communications, 4G cellular, Cognitive Radio
Ericsson Inventor of Year Award 1999
Fellow, Indian National Academy of Engineering