SCIENTIFIC

Established 1845 A E RI CA February 1971 Volume 224 Number 2

ARTICLES
15 LEAD 1'0ISONliG, hy J. Julian Chisolm, Jr.
One of the most ubiquitous substances in man's environment has curious efects.
24 SOLID STARS, by Malvin A. Rudclnall
The matter in a star toward the end of its evolution' is denser than ordinary steel.
32 TIlE mOQuOls COiFEDERACY, by Jamcs A. Tuck
This alliance of northeaster Indians had important efects on Colonial history.
50 TIlE PROSPECTS OF FUSION POWER, by William C. Gough and Bertlard
J. Ellstlulld Its investigators now look beyond containment and temperature.
68 GIANT BRAIN CELLS IN MOLLUSKS, by A. O. D. Willows
The way the brain controls a behavior patter is shown by. studying such cells.
76 THE FASTEST COMPUTER, by D. L. Slotnick
ILLIAC IV is a battery of 64 computers up to 200 times faster than its forerunners.
88 TIlE STATE OF WATER IN RED CELLS, by Arthur K. Solomon
There has seemed to be something peculiar about it, but the water is simply water.
100 LEONARDO ON BEARINGS AND GEARS, by Ladislao Reti
The new Madrid papers suggest he was more interested in technology than in art.
DEPARTMENTS
6 LETTERS
10 50 AND 100 YEARS AGO
12 THE AUTHORS
44 SCIENCE AND THE CITIZEN
112 MA THEMA TICAL GAMES
118 THE AMATEUR SCIENTIST
125 BOOKS
130 BIBLIOGRAPHY
'0 A' 0 0 F E D I TO ' S Gerard Piel (Publisher), Dennis Flanagan (Editor), Francis Bello (Associate Editor),
Phili
p
Morrison (Book Editor), Jonathan B. Piel, John Purcell, James T. Rogers,
Armand Schwab, Jr., C. L. Stong, Jose
p
h Wisnovsky
A'T 0 EPA' T ' ENT Samuel L. Howard (Art Director), Alan D. Iselin
P' 00 U C T IO N 0 EPA' T ' ENT Richard Sasso (Production Manager), Leo J. Petruzzi and Doreen Trager (Assistant
Production Managers), Pauline Ray
cO P Y 0 E P A'T ' ENT Sally Porter Jenks (Co
p
y Chief), Sally S. Fields, Dorothy Patterson, Julio E. Xavier
G EN" A L ' A NAG " Donald H. Miller, Jr.
A 0 V " TIS I NG ' A NAG E , Allan Wittman
ASS 1ST ANT S TO T HE P U 'L IS HE' George S. Conn, Ste
p
hen M. Fischer
PUB LI SHED MONTHLY BY SCIENTIfiC AMEPICAN, INC., 415 MADIS ONAVENUE, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10017. COPY RIGHT Iq71 BY SCIENTI FIC AMERICAN,
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3
1971 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
presents
The Biology of Mental
Health and Disease
S
y
mposium Issue: Januar
y
1971
This important interdisciplinary
iournal examines current and recent
research on the biological factors of
mental health and disease. Among the
topics considered are behavioral
genetics, physiology of dreaming,
biochemistry of anxiety, conditioning
theory and drug abuse, and the
infuences of drugs on the web building
of spiders.
Contents
"Changes in Sensory and Motor
Systems during Centrally Elicited
Attack" by John P. Flynn, Stephen B.
Edwards, & Richard J. Bandler
"Behavioral Genetics" by Gerald E.
McCiearn
"Modifcation of Memory Storage
Processes" by James l. McGaugh &
Ronald G. Dawson
"Biochemical Factors in Anxiety Neurosis"
by Ferris N. Pitts, Jr.
"The Physiology of Dreaming" by
Frederick Snyder
"Some Implications of Conditioning
Theory for Problems of Drug Abuse"
by Abraham Wikler
"Drugs Alter Web-Building of Spiders"
by Peter N. Witt
"Hearing and the Neural Detection of
Acoustic Patterns" by F. G. Worden
Price $3.00
Copies of Systems Principles in
Biology: A Symposium, January
1970 are also available. Price $3.00
COMPLETE THE FORM BELOW
AND MAIL TODAY
P^^^^^^^^^^^^^'^^
Please send ..copies of The Biology
of Mental Health and Disease, BE
HAVIORAL SCIENCE, Vol. 16, No. 1
!Jan. 197]) and .copies of Systems
Principles in Biology: A Symposium,
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE, Vol. 15, No.1
!Jan. 19701, at $3.00 each. A check in
the amount of $ is enclosed.
NAME
ADDRESS
Mail
Order
To:
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE,
Dept. SA
Mental Health Research
Institute
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104

=
^==
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4
THE COVER
The design on the cover shows how a palindrome-a phrase that reads the
same in either direction-can be recognized as such by a cellular automa
ton, a system of uniform cells whose states change according to specifed
rules. The palindrome TOO HOT TO HOOT is symbolized in the top line, with
the T, 0 and H represented by blue, red and yellow respectively. The
confguration changes in successive rows as certain transition rules are
applied (see "Mathematical Games," page 112). The two. dots in the left
hand cell in the seventh row from the top signify recognition of the palin
drome; thereafter the right-hand cell changes to an "accept" state (nested
s
q
uares), which persists until the edge of the cellular space is reached. The
automaton, a pattern-recognition machine devised by Alvy Ray Smith III,
is one application of cellular automata theory, which has generated a
number of mathematical games as well as more theoretical applications.
THE ILLUSTRATIONS
Cover illustration by Alan D. Iselin

Page Source Page Sou"ce

16 Robert A. Goyer, Univer- 74-75 Tom Prentiss
sity of North Carolina
76-78 Paul Weller
School of Medicine (top);
79 Paul Weller (top and bot-
J. Julian Chisolm, Jr.
tom left), Texas Instru-
(bottom)
ments Incorporated (top
17-23 Graphic Presentation
Tight), Fairchild Semi-
Services, Inc.
conductor (bottom rght)
25-29 Jim Egleson
30 Bart J. Bok, University
80 Paul Weller
of Arizona
81-87 Allen Beechel
31 Hong-Yee Chiu, C. Roger
88 Patricia N. Farsworth,
Lynds and Stephen P.
Barard College
Maran 90-95 Enid Kotschnig
33-34 James A. Tuck 96 Ben Rose
36 Eric Mose
100-102 National Library, Madrid,
37 James A. Tuck
courtesy McGra\v-Hill
38-39 Eric Mose
Book Company
40 Graphic Presentation
103 Ladislao Reti
Services, Inc.
104-105 National Library, Madrid,
41 James A. Tuck
courtesy McGraw-Hill
42 Lee Boltin
Book Company
51 Plasma Physics Labora-
106 Ladislao Reti
tory, Princeton University
107 National Library, Madrid,
(top); Physico-Technical
courtesy McGraw-Hill
Institute, Academy of
Book Company (top, bot-
Sciences of the Ukrainian
tom left); Ladislao Reti
S.S.R. (bottom)
(bottom Tight)
52-54 Dan Todd
109 National Library, Madrid,
55-57 Bunji Tagawa
courtesy McGraw-Hill
58 Dan Todd Book Company (top);
59-64 Bunji Tagawa Ladislao Reti (bottom)
68 A. O. D. Willows, Univer- llO National Library, Madrid,
sity of Washington courtesy McGraw-Hill
70-72 Tom Prentiss
Book Company
73 A. O. D. Willows, Univer-
112-117 Alan D. Iselin
sity of Washington 118-121 Roger Hayward
1971 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC