Camera view, angle, movement, shot

Aerial shots

Bird's eye shot

Close UP

crane shot

are usually done with a crane or with a camera attached to a special helicopter to view large landscapes. This sort of shot would be restricted to exterior locations. A good area to do this shot would be a scene that takes place on a building. If the aerial shot is of a character it can make them seem insignificant. Circular shots are also possible refers to a shot looking directly down on the subject. The perspective is very foreshortened, making the subject appear short and squat. This shot can be used to give an overall establishing shot of a scene, or to emphasise the smallness or insignificance of the subjects. often used as cutaways from a more distant shot to show detail, such as characters' emotions, or some intricate activity with their hands. Major characters are often given a close-up when they are introduced as a way of indicating their importance is a shot taken by a camera on a crane. The most obvious uses are to view the actors from above or to move up and away from them, a common way of ending a movie

dolly zoom

effect is an unsettling in-camera special effect that appears to undermine normal visual perception in film.The effect is achieved by using the setting of a zoom lens to adjust the angle of view (often referred to as field of view) while the camera dollies (or moves) towards or away from the subject in such a way as to keep the subject the same size in the frame throughout.
are terms used for a cinematic tactic often used to portray the psychological uneasiness or tension in the subject being filmed. A Dutch angle is achieved by tilting the camera off to the side so that the shot is composed with the horizon at an angle to the bottom of the frame. Many Dutch angles are static shots at an obscure angle, but in a moving Dutch angle shot the camera can pivot, pan or track along the director/cinematographer's established diagonal axis for the shot. An in film and television sets up, or establishes the context for a scene by showing the relationship between its important figures and objects.[1] It is generally a long- or extreme-long shot at the beginning of a scene indicating where, and sometimes when, the remainder of the scene takes place. Establishing shots may use famous landmarks to indicate the city where the action is taking place or has moved to. an establishing shot might just be a long shot of a room that shows all the characters from a particular scene. For example, a scene about a murder in a college lecture hall might begin with a shot that shows the entire room, including the lecturing professor and the students taking notes. A close-up shot can also be used at the beginning of a scene to establish the setting (such as, for the lecture hall scene, a shot of a pencil writing notes). an establishing shot might just be a long shot of a room that shows all the characters from a particular scene. For example, a scene about a murder in a college lecture hall might begin with a shot that shows the entire room, including the lecturing professor and the students taking notes. A

Dutch tilt, Dutch angle

establishing shot

Follow shot

close-up shot can also be used at the beginning of a scene to establish the setting (such as, for the lecture hall scene, a shot of a pencil writing notes). is a specific camera shot in which the subject being filmed is seemingly pursued by the camera. The follow shot can be achieved through tracking devices, panning, the use of a crane, and zoom lenses resulting in different qualitative images but, nevertheless, recording a subject (performer) in motion. one shot is printed in a single frame several times, in order to make an interesting illusion of a still photograph

Freeze Frame shot

high angle shot

is usually when the camera is located above the eyeline.With this type of angle, the camera looks down on the subject and the point of focus often get "swallowed up" by the setting.High angle shots also make the figure or object seem vulnerable or powerless.
A is an uninterrupted shot in a film which lasts much longer than the conventional editing pace either of the film itself or of films in general, usually lasting several minutes. It can be used for dramatic and narrative effect if done properly, and in moving shots is often accomplished through the use of a dolly or Steadicam is a shot from a camera positioned low on the vertical axis, anywhere below the eyeline, looking up. is a shot of someone or something taken over the shoulder of another person. The back of the shoulder and head of this person is used to frame the image of whatever (or whomever) the camera is pointing toward. This type of shot is very common when two characters are having a discussion and will usually follow an establishing shot which helps the audience place the characters in their setting by turning horizontally on a vertical axis, but the effect may be enhanced by adding other techniques, such as rails to move the whole camera platform. Slow panning is also combined with zooming in or out on a single subject, leaving the subject in the same portion of the frame, to emphasize or deemphasize the subject respectively. is the practice of shifting the attention of a viewer of a film or video by changing the focus of the lens from a subject in the foreground to a subject in the background, or vice versa

long take

low-angle shot over the shoulder shot

pan

Racking focus

Reaction shot

It is a shot which cuts away from the main scene in order to show the reaction of a character to it.A reaction shot usually implies the display of some sort of emotion on the face of the actor being shown, and is thus most commonly a close-up shot (although a group of actors may be shown reacting together). A reaction shot is also generally bereft of dialogue, though this is not an absolute rule. Its main purpose is to show an emotional response to the immediately preceding action or words of another character in the scene, or to an event in the immediately preceding scene which may or may not involve another actor

Shot reverse shot is a film technique where one character is shown looking at another character (or (often off-screen), and then the other character is shown looking back at the shot/countershot) first character. Since the characters are shown facing in opposite directions, the

Tilting

viewer assumes that they are looking at each other the camera is stationary and rotates in a vertical plane (or tilting plane). Tilting the camera results in a motion similar to someone nodding their head "yes" or to an aircraft performing a pitch rotation.

A dolly shot is a move in and out of a scene, i.e., the movement is parallel to the camera lens axis. A tracking shot is a movement perpendicular to the camera lens axis

Lighting technique and aesthetics

background light is used to illuminate the background area of a set. The background light will also provide separation between the subject and the background. In the standard 4point lighting setup, the background light is placed last and is usually placed directly behind the subject and pointed at the background.

Cameo lighting

in film is a spotlight that accentuates a single person in a scene. It creates an 'angelic' shot, such as one where God is shining down and a light shines down onto this person. Cameo lighting derives its name from the art form in which a light relief figure is set against a darker background. It is often achieved by using barndoored spotlights. It helps focus on the subject and not its environment. A problem with cameo lighting is that it can lead to color distortion and noise in the darkest areas

Low-key lighting

High-key lighting

Sound
Sound is used extensively in filmmaking to enhance presentation, and is distinguished into diegetic and non-diegetic sound:

Diegetic sound: It is sound that the characters can hear as well as the audience, and usually implies a reaction from the character. Also called "literal sound" or "actual sound": o Voices of characters; o Sounds made by objects in the story; and/or like heart beats of a person o Source music, represented as coming from instruments in the story space. o Basic sound effects, e.g. dog barking, car passing; as it is in the scene o Music coming from reproduction devices such as record players, radios, tape players etc.

Non-diegetic sound: It is sound which is represented as coming from a source outside the story space, ie. its source is neither visible on the screen, nor has been implied to be present in the action. Also called "non-literal sound" or "commentary sound": o Narrator's commentary; o Voice of God; o Sound effect which is added for dramatic effect; o Mood music; and o Film Score

Non-diegetic sound plays a significant role in creating the atmosphere and mood within a film.

In motion picture and television production, a sound effect is a sound recorded and presented to make a specific storytelling or creative point, without the use of dialogue or music. The term often refers to a process, applied to a recording, without necessarily referring to the recording itself. In professional motion picture and television production, the segregations between recordings of dialogue, music, and sound effects can be quite distinct, and it is important to understand that in such contexts, dialogue and music recordings are never referred to as sound effects, though the processes applied to them, such as reverberation or flanging, often are.