Agricultural Adjustment Act(AAA)(May 1933): It was a US federal law of the New Deal era which restricted agricultural production

by paying farmers subsidies not to plant part of their land and to kill off excess livestock. Its purpose was to reduce crop surplus and therefore effectively raise the value of crops. Work Progress Administration(WPA)(1935): It was the largest and most ambitious New Deal agency, employing millions of unskilled workers to carry out public works projects,including the construction of public buildings and roads. It also employed artists, writers, actors and directors in large arts, drama, media, and literacy projects. Writers documented local and state histories, artists painted murals and other works for new federal post offices and other buildings. The WPA provided food for children and redistributed food, clothing, and housing. Almost every community in the United States had a new park, bridge or school constructed by the agency. WPA created useful jobs when the capitalist economy failed to do so. It ended in 1943. Its projects displayed tangible evidence of the New Deals commitment to public welfare. Paul Tibbets(1915-2007): He was a brigadier general in the United States Air Force, best known for being the pilot of the Enola Gay (named for his mother), the first aircraft to drop an atomic bomb in the history of warfare. The bomb, code-named Little Boy, was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima in 1945. Enola Gay: It is a Boeing B-29 Superfortress bomber, named after Enola Gay Tibbets, mother of the pilot, then-Colonel Paul Tibbets. On 6 August 1945, during the final stages of World War II, it became the first aircraft todrop an atomic bomb on an enemy target in a war. The bomb, code-named "Little Boy", was targeted at the city of Hiroshima, Japan, and caused unprecedented destruction. Benito Mussolini(18831945): He was an Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party, ruling the country from 1922 to his ousting in 1943. Mussolini has been credited with being one of the key figures in the creation of fascism. Mussolini was Dictator of Italy from 1930 to 1943, having destroyed all political opposition through his secret police and having outlawed workers to go on strike. He allied Italy with Nazi Germany and Japan in World War Two. In March 1919, Mussolini formed the Fascist Party, galvanising the support of many unemployed war veterans. He organised them into armed squads known as Black Shirts, who terrorised their political opponents. In 1921, the Fascist Party was invited to join the coalition government.n 1922, Italy seemed to be slipping into political chaos. The Black Shirts marched on Rome and Mussolini presented himself as the only man capable of restoring order. Then, in 1925 he made himself dictator, taking the title 'Il Duce'. He set about attempting to reestablish Italy as a great European power. The regime was held together by strong state control and Mussolini's cult of personality. In 1935, Mussolini invaded Ethiopia and incorporated it into his new Italian Empire. He provided military support to Franco in the Spanish Civil War. Influenced by Hitler, Mussolini began to introduce anti-Jewish legislation in Italy. His declaration of war on Britain and France in June 1940 exposed Italian military weakness and was followed by a series of defeats in North and East Africa and the Balkans. And He was captured by Italian partisans and shot on 28 April 1945. Spanish Civil War(1936-1939): Republican vs. Nationalist: In Spain a bitter civil war broke out in July 1936 when facist rebels led by General Francisco Franco attacked the elected Republican government. Both Germany and Italy reinforced Franco with soldiers,weapons and aircafts, while Soviet Union provided much less aid to the Republican Royalists. The Loyalists and their allies were defeated in 1939 and Franco built a fascist bulwark in southern western Europe. Neutrality Act of 1937: Fear of the Spanish Civil War spreading resulted in the Europeans imposing an arms embargo against all sides of the dispute. President Roosevelt asked American arms manufacturers to impose a moral embargo, as legislation then on the books did not provide him with the power to impose an embargo on a country in the midst of a civil war. When this did not work, Roosevelt asked that the law be extended to civil wars, and Congress promptly complied. Liberals who supported the Republican government in Spain were outraged. They claimed that it was not fair to deny the legitimate government the arms that it needed to defend itself, especially since Nazi Germany and Italy continued to support Franco.On April 30, Congress passed a resolution making the Neutrality Acts permanent. In addition, the acts contained two new features. American citizens were forbidden to travel on belligerent vessels, and the President was allowed to sell to belligerents for cash, as long as the belligerents could carry the goods away on their own ships. Lend-Lease Act (1941): * dn verme ve kiralama yasas * Roosesevelt proposed this act which allowed the British to obtain arms from the US without paying cash but with the promise to reimburse the US when the war ended. The purpose was to defend democracy and human rights throughout the world, specially four freedom: freedom of speech,expression ,every person to worship God in his own way, freedom from want and fear. With the act a flow of support to Britain was started. Pearl Harbor(1941): Site of Japans surprise attack on the US Pacific Fleet on December 7 ,1941. The attack which took place on the Hawaiian Island of Oahu disabled 18 ships, killed over 2.400 Americans, and severely handicapped US war capacities in Pacific. The attack at Pearl Harbor so outraged Americans that the U.S. abandoned its policy of isolationism and declared war on Japan the following day -- officially bringing the United States into World War. The Japanese were tired of negotiations with the United States. They wanted to continue their

expansion within Asia but the United States had placed an extremely restrictive embargo on Japan in the hopes of curbing Japan's aggression. Negotiations to solve their differences hadn't been going well. Rather than giving in to U.S. demands, the Japanese decided to launch a surprise attack against the United States in an attempt to destroy the United States' naval power even before an official announcement of war was given. Internment Camps: These were makeshift prison camps, officially known as relocation centers to which Japanese Americans were confined as a result of Roosevelts Executive order 9066, issued in February 1942. In 1944 the Supreme Court upheld this blatant violation of constitutional rights as military essential. A historical fact that is not really "common knowledge" is the fact that, during World War II, over 100,000 Japanese-American individuals, the vast majority of which were actually American citizens, were rounded up and shipped eventually to internment camps. These consisted of poorly-constructed barracks surrounded by barbed wire, sentry posts and armed guards. They were put in these camps, not because they had been tried and found guilty of something, but because either they or their parents or ancestors were from Japan and, as such, they were deemed a "threat" to national security. They were also easily identifiable due to their race. There was no similar large-scale roundups of German or Italian-Americans, even though we were also fighting them during World War II. These people were forced to abandon their businesses, their homes and, in many cases, their families as some individuals were taken elsewhere and held, again without trial, for years. The Japanese-Americans suffered severe economic losses, personal humiliation and, in a some cases, death, due to this relocation. Holocaust ( 1933-1945):Since the 1930s the Nazis had persecuted Jews in Germany and every German-occupied territory, causing many Jews to seek asylum beyond Hitlers reach. Holocaust was the mass murder or genocide of six million Jews.Of the nine million Jews who had resided in Europe before the Holocaust approximately six million European Jews were murdered during World War II, Jews were the primary victims. The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. "Holocaust" is a word of Greek origin meaning "sacrifice by fire." The Nazis, who came to power in Germany in January 1933, believed that Germans were "racially superior" and that the Jews, deemed "inferior," were an alien threat to the so-called German racial community. During the era of the Holocaust, German authorities also targeted other groups because of their perceived "racial inferiority": Roma (Gypsies), the disabled, and some of the Slavic peoples (Poles, Russians, and others). Other groups were persecuted on political, ideological, and behavioral grounds, among them Communists, Socialists, Jehovah's Witnesses, and homosexuals. It was Nazis crime against humanity.

Servicemens Readjustment Act(1944): Known as G.I. Bill, it was a law that provided a range of benefits for returning World War II veterans. It offered 16 million veterans job trainig and education;unemployment compensation while they looked for jobs; and low-interest loans to buy homes,farms,and small businesses. By 1948, some 1.3 million veterans had bought houses with government loans. Helping 2.2 million exsoldiers attend college, the subsidies sparked a boom in higher education.GI programs were administered at the state and local levels, which especially in the South routinely discriminated against African Americans.Thousands of black veterans did benefit from GI Bill, but it did not help all ex-soldiers equally. Rosie the Riveter: It is a cultural icon of the United States, representing the American women who worked in factories during World War II many of whom produced munitions and war supplies. These women sometimes took entirely new jobs replacing the male workers who were in the military. Rosie the Riveter is commonly used as a symbol of feminism and women's economic power. The term "Rosie the Riveter" was first used in 1942 in a song of the same name written by Redd Evans and John Jacob Loeb. The song portrays "Rosie" as a tireless assembly line worker, doing her part to help the American war effort. It was a fictional character depicted as the ideal woman worker: loyal, efficient, patriotic, and pretty in magazines. D-Day( June 6,1944): anlamadm bunu ben Yalta Conference( February,1945): It was the wartime meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union, represented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and General SecretaryJoseph Stalin, respectively, for the purpose of discussing Europe's post-war reorganization. The conference convened in theLivadia Palace near Yalta, in the Crimea.The meeting was intended mainly to discuss the re-establishment of the nations of war-torn Europe.Yalta was the second of three wartime conferences among the Big Three (Britain, United States, and Soviet Union) which were represented by Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin, respectively. Each leader came to Yalta with an agenda. Roosevelt desired Soviet military support against Japan following the defeat of Germany and Soviet participation in the United Nations, while Churchill was focused on securing free elections for Soviet-liberated countries in Eastern Europe. Counter to Churchill's desire, Stalin sought to build a Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe to protect against future threats. In addition to these long-term issues, the three powers also needed to develop a plan for governing postwar Germany.