PEKA SAINS FORM 2 TOPIC: APPLICATION OF FRICTIONAL FORCE Aim: To study the effects of different types of surfaces on the

magnitude of fractional force Problem statement: how does different type of surfaces affect the magnitude of frictional force? Hypothesis: the rougher the surface, the greater is the magnitude of frictional force on the wooden block Variable: (a) Manipulated: type of surface (b) Responding: magnitude of frictional force (c) Controlled: size of the wooden block Apparatus: spring balance, thread Materials: wooden block, table, oil/grease, aluminium foil, sandpaper, graph paper Diagram:

Procedure: 1.The apparatus is set-up as shown in the diagram above 2.The wooden block is hooked to a spring balance with a thread and place on the table 3.The wooden block is pulled along the table and the reading of the spring balance is taken when the block starts to move 4.Step 3 is repeated by pulling the wooden block on three other different types of surface 5.All the reading were recorded in the table Observation: Type of surface Wooden table Aluminium foil Oil Sandpaper Discussion: 1.Based on the collected data, draw a bar graph to show the effect of different types of surfaces on the magnitude of frictional force. Condition of surface rough smooth Very smooth Very rough Reading of spring balance (N) 5.8 N 4.5 N 3.6 N 6.5 N

2.Between the different types of surfaces, which give the a.Greatest magnitude of frictional force? The surface of sandpaper b.Lowest magnitude of frictional force? The oily surface

3.What is the condition of the surface that causes the a.Increase of frictional force on the wooden block? The rough surface b.Decrease the frictional force on the wooden block? The smooth surface 4.Arrange in decreasing order the types of surfaces based on the magnitude of frictional force. Sandpaper, wooden table,aluminium foil, oil 5.Define operationally frictional force.

Frictional force is the reading of spring balance when the wooden block is pulled on the surface Based on the experiment, state the relationship between the frictional force and the types of surfaces. Frictional force depend on the types of surfaces 7.What is your inference from the results of the experiment The reading of the spring balance is bigger because the contact surface is rougher 8.Suggest one way to decrease frictional force on the surface of the table Friction on the table can be reduced by applying the grease on the surface of the table Conclusion: 1.The rougher the surface, the greater is the magnitude of frictional force on the wooden block 2.The hypothesis is accepted.

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