Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
User Manual
JKSimBlast is a suite of powerful modular tools for the simulation and management of blasting data. 2DBench and StockView are stand-alone modules of JKSimBlast: 2DBench is used for the design of blasts in bench mining applications; and StockView is for the storage of the specifications of explosives and accessories. As the program developers do not control data creation, collection, analysis or interpretation, it is the sole responsibility of the user to verify that input data are accurate and appropriate, and that all conditions and outputs are reasonable and comply with any statutory requirements.
In no event will JKTech be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages arising out of the use of or inability to use the software or documentation.
Copyright 1998 JKTech All rights reserved. Both the software and documentation of JKSimBlast, 2DBench and StockView are copyright.
Telephone: (+61 7) 3365 5842 Facsimile: (+61 7) 3365 5900 Email: JKTech@jktech.com.au JKSimBlast@jktech.com.au Internet: http://www.jktech.com.au/ http://www.jktech.com.au/jktech/software/JKSimBlast/
Contents
Preface
Overview............................................................................. i
Chapter 1
1. General Functions ......................................................... 1 2. The Design Area ........................................................... 2 2.1. Screen Layout ................................................... 2 2.2 Design Option Layout ....................................... 3 3. Global Construction Tools............................................ 6 3.1 Selection Box ......................................................... 6 3.2 Selection Mask....................................................... 6 3.3 Goto Position dialog .............................................. 6 3.4 Anchor.................................................................... 7 3.5 Specify Zoom ......................................................... 7 3.6 Zoom in, Zoom out and Centre Design.................. 7 3.7 Selecting Closest Object ........................................ 7 3.8 Marking Holes........................................................ 7 3.9 Redraw ................................................................... 8 4. Query Options............................................................... 9 4.1 Object Query .......................................................... 9 4.2 Design Totals ....................................................... 10 4.3 Blast Parameters and Design Factors ................... 11 5. Loading , Saving & Exporting Designs ...................... 13 6. Reporting .................................................................... 15 6.1 Printing the design ............................................... 15 6.2 Reporting options via text files ............................ 16
Chapter 2
7. 2DBench - Design Input ............................................. 19 8. Area to be blasted........................................................ 20 8.1 String Creation to Define Blast Regions .............. 20 8.2 Importation of general string files ........................ 21 8.3 Editing Strings...................................................... 23 8.4 Setting options for lines and polygons. ................ 24 9. Blast Holes .................................................................. 25 9.1 Parameters ............................................................ 25 9.2 Drilling Holes and Patterns .................................. 25 9.3 Hole Editing ......................................................... 26 9.4 Labelling Holes .................................................... 27 9.5 Cut, Copy, Paste and Modify Holes ..................... 28 10. Loading Explosives and other decks......................... 29 10.1 Parameters .......................................................... 29 10.2 Loading Decks.................................................... 30 10.3 Editing Explosive Charges................................. 30 11. Downhole Delays...................................................... 31 11.1 Parameters .......................................................... 31 11.2 Inserting downhole delays.................................. 31 11.3 Editing Downhole Delays .................................. 32 12. Surface delays ........................................................... 33 12.1 Parameters .......................................................... 33 12.2 Tying holes......................................................... 33 12.3 Editing Surface Ties........................................... 34 13. Detonation Simulation .............................................. 35 13.1 Parameters .......................................................... 35 13.2 Run the simulation ............................................. 36
2DBench Preface
2DBench is a graphical software program for the design and editing of bench blast designs. It gives engineers and blasting personnel the ability to design and optimise the layout and initiation sequence of almost any type of bench blast, as most commonly used in open cut mining. It allows the designer to: layout a pattern of blastholes load explosive decks and other materials in the holes install downhole and surface delays, with primer and connection details simulate the detonation on screen import and export data and print the design Individual elements of the design are defined by the user, including hole dimensions, explosives, delays, connectors and boosters, and can be combined in a variety of design scenarios. 2DBench is a module of JKSimBlast, which is a framework for a suite of programs for data management in blasting, including design and simulation, analysis, data collection and referencing, performance evaluation, prediction and optimisation. Integration of the modules is achieved through data sharing via Microsoft Access databases. The open framework allows for other third party applications to be developed and incorporated into JKSimBlast, using the same databases for their own purposes. This approach provides the user with a mechanism to maximise the use of the data. More detail on JKSimBlast and its modules is contained in the various sections of this manual.
Overview
2DBench Preface
ii
Chapter
1 2
3x3o-Pro is an open pit blast design, Analysis and Optimisation Program, superseded by 2DBench. Copyright JKTech.
Anchor Line
Grid Coordinates
Status Bar Major Mode Text Current Action Text Current Construction Line Bearing and Distance
Scale
The cursor is used to set the position for design actions or to select objects. The mouse is used to control movement of the cursor, and the left and right buttons are then used to determine the actions. Normally, the pointer is visible, and acts similar to a pointer in any other program. To access the cursor, press the spacebar, or move the pointer over the design area and click the left mouse button or press Enter. Moving the cursor now will show a change in the coordinates at the bottom right corner of the status bar. To exit the design area (change the cursor to the pointer) press the spacebar or click the right mouse button. Also, the cursor will temporarily change to the pointer if the mouse is moved outside the design area, so that toolbars, menus and dialog boxes can still be accessed. For example, this allows changes to be made in dialog boxes, perform an action and make further changes without actually leaving the design area. Unless otherwise specified, to perform an action while the cursor is active, press Enter or click the left mouse button.
Option Grid Size Text Position Object Colour Object Visibility Selection Box Grid Appearance Grid Origin Grid North Adjust Text Size
Description Activates the Grid and defines the size of grid intervals; East/West and North/South. Selects where object text is positioned in the design layout Selects the colour of the object type Selects object type to make visible or invisible Activates selection box or selection mask Selects the appearance of the grid lines Selects the new centre position of the grid Selects where North is pointing Adjusts some text sizes by a percentage
3.4 Anchor
The Anchor is a measuring tool that allows the user to obtain bearings and distances from a start point to an end point. It is toggled by clicking on the Anchor icon in the tool bar. Anchor
Marked all holes in the selection box or selection mask Unmarked all holes in the selection box or selection mask Swap marked state of holes Marked holes are shown with an M in the centre (see Figure 7 below)
Unmarked holes
Marked holes
Figure 7 View of marked and unmarked holes
Note
The hole nearest to the 2D cursor can be individually marked or unmarked by pressing the M and U keystroke buttons respectively.
3.9 Redraw
Redraw is used to update the current screen. This option is accessed via the View menu item.
4. Query Options
2DBench incorporates information functions that allow the user to check the properties and components of a design (e.g. hole lengths, hole diameters, explosive charges, in-hole delays, etc). These functions are divided into the individual object query function and the design totals function.
Information mode
For multiple decks or in-hole delays in a hole, clicking the left mouse button will cycle through the individual items in the hole.
2DBench also displays a view of the hole section when querying decks and inhole delay information. Figure 9 shows a typical example.
10
11
Drilling Parameters dialog. To calculate powder or energy factors, the program uses the bench height and the polygon area to calculate the blast volume, then the rock density to calculate the tonnage, and finally the mass and energy of explosives in the marked holes to calculate the factors. Thus, new factors can be calculated by changing the hole marking or placing the cursor close to a different polygon.
12
13
The overall blast design name and the names of the relevant design components should be specified to save the design. (Note: by pressing Enter after entering the overall design name, the relevant design option names are automatically added). The blast name can be any title for the blast, such as Bench A Shot B. The option names for Area, Holes, etc, can be the same as the blast name, or different to describe various options, particularly when used in combination in different scenarios. It is important to note that if no names are specified to the relevant design information combo boxes (ie. Area design name, Hole design name etc.), then that information will not be saved. A scenario is a combination of design options under a blast name. It is possible to have several scenarios for a single blast, which may have small or large differences between options used in the blast design. For example, a first blast scenario may contain a design for a V1 timing layout; a second scenario may contain the same area, holes and decks design options, but have a timing layout for row by row firing with different downhole and surface delays options. The user may also specify a new blasting scenario for the same overall design by choosing the item labelled new before saving. Selecting an existing scenario number will replace all design options associated with that scenario. Alternatively, a design can be opened as a combination of design options from other designs and databases. The more information button (Figure 14) allows the user to insert extra information about the overall design and individual blasting scenarios. For previous users of 3x3o-PRO, 2DBench allows designs to be exported to 3x3o-PRO for analysis. This is done via the File+Export menu item which activates the File Export dialog shown in Figure 15. Note that 3x3o-Pro project (*.gen) file extension is the default export file type for analysis in 3x3o-PRO.
14
15
(see Figure 17). Click OK to save the configuration. An existing setup can be recalled from the list of available configurations on the Print Design dialog. All printer configurations are saved in the file 2DBPrnConfigs.ini in the 2DBench folder. Different sets of options can be created for the same printer or different printers and stored in the file for later use.
16
17
18
Chapter
19
8. Area to be blasted
2DBench allows the user to define the blast design region with a number of CAD (computer aided design) functions. The procedure for defining the geometry of a blast design in 2DBench includes creating strings and polygons, and placing text labels on the design area.
Area Mode
To stop the line creation, press the Esc Key or if a closed polygon needs to be created, then cross any of the earlier line segments with the current segment.
20
Before and while a line or polygon is drawn, the user may specify a default level (i.e. Z value) via the Edit+Modify Default Level menu item. Figure 19 shows the corresponding dialog box.
21
The last dialog shows the strings that have been found in the file, and allows the user to select the strings to be imported and to change the line labels and colours to suit particular requirements (Figure 24).
23
24
9. Blast Holes
The creation and positioning of blast holes is carried out by accessing the drilling mode function available in the Mode+drill menu item or alternatively by clicking on the drilling mode icon.
Drilling Mode
9.1 Parameters
Before holes are created, it is essential to establish the geometry of the pattern and properties of holes by accessing the hole drilling option dialog (Figure 27) via the Parameters+drilling menu item or alternatively by clicking on the current mode parameter icon. Current mode parameter
Single Hole
Pattern Drilling
Polygon Fill
Line Drilling
Individual holes can be positioned using the single hole mode which is activated by clicking on the single hole icon in the tool bar.
25
Predefined patterns are inserted by either using the pattern drilling mode, the polygon fill mode or the line drilling mode. These options are activated by clicking on the respective icons. To drill a single hole, place the cursor at the hole position and click or press [Enter]. To drill a pattern, place the cursor at the position of the first hole in the first row and click (or press [Enter]). Then, move the cursor in the direction of the row (the bearing is shown on the status bar) and click again. Finally, move the cursor to the side of the line for the burden direction and click to create the pattern. To drill a pattern in a polygon, place the cursor near a side and click. The holes will be drilled at the burden and spacing within the polygon, with a row of holes on that side and with a hole at the end of that side closest to the cursor. To drill a pattern along a line, place the cursor near the end of the line for the first hole and click. Then select the direction along the line and click again. Finally, indicate the burden direction and click to create the pattern.
26
27
28
Loading Mode
10.1 Parameters
Before holes are charged, the user must select the type of explosive or nonexplosive material to be used. This is done by accessing the loading decks Current Mode Parameter dialog (Figure 30) via the Parameters+Loading menu item or alternatively by clicking on the current mode parameter icon. This dialog also allows the user to edit some of the explosive properties as well as charging characteristics.
3 4
Microsoft Access is a registered trademark of the Microsoft Corporation StockView is copyright JKMRC (Julius Kruttschnitt Mineral Research Centre).
29
explosives, delays, primers and connectors that will soon be available with 2DBench).
Single Hole
All holes
Marked holes
Unmarked holes
To load a single hole, place the cursor over the hole and click. For other modes, just click or press [Enter] anywhere in the design area. Any number of decks can be loaded in a hole until the hole is filled to the collar.
11.1 Parameters
Before holes are primed and down-hole delays inserted, it is essential to select the type of delay element, connector and primer to be used. This is done by accessing the downhole delays dialog (Figure 32) via the Parameters+downhole delays menu item or alternatively by clicking on the current mode parameter icon. Current mode parameter
Single Hole
All holes
Marked holes
Unmarked holes
31
To load a single hole, place the cursor over the hole and click. For other modes, just click or press [Enter] anywhere in the design area. Any number of downhole delays can be inserted in a hole.
32
12.1 Parameters
Before tying begins, the user must select the type of surface delay element and the type of connection to be used. This is done by accessing the surface delay dialog via the Parameters+surface delays menu item or alternatively by clicking on the current mode parameter icon (Figure 34). Depending on the application of the design, surface delays are referred to as inter-row ties or inter-hole ties, in addition the connection of each surface delay can be specified to be bi-directional or uni-directional (Figure 34). Also, the connector must be of sufficient length (or undefined) for the distance between hole collars. Current mode parameter
Multiple Tie up
33
In hole by hole tie mode, a delay and connector is placed between any two selected holes. Place the cursor over the first hole, and click the left mouse button (or press Enter) to tie to that hole. Move the cursor, and a straight line will appear between the cursor and the hole, while the closest hole for connection will be selected and the position of the surface tie will be indicated. Click the left mouse button to place the cursor and move the tie position to the new hole. Continuing clicking holes to place ties. To stop the process, press Esc or click the mouse with the cursor over the last hole (no tie indicated). For multiple tie mode, first mark the holes to be connected. Then place the cursor over the first hole in the line, and click the hole will be selected. Move the cursor to the last hole in the line, and all of the marked holes found between the first hole and the cursor position within the search path (shown by the straight line) will be selected and the new ties indicated. Click again to place the ties. Repeat the process as desired from the current hole, or click again over the hole (or press Esc) to end the process. Change the width of the search path in the menu option View+Tolerances. It is important to note that surface ties can also be connected to nodes, which can be used as ignition points or to help on the positioning of ties. Nodes can be added to a pattern in two ways: by activating the single hole drilling mode and selecting create node in the dialog box, then position the node where required; or, while placing a tie between two holes, place the cursor at the position of the node and click while pressing the [Ctrl] key.
34
Detonation mode
13.1 Parameters
The characteristics of the simulation can be established in the detonation simulation dialog (Figure 35), which is activated via the Parameters+detonation simulation menu item or alternatively by clicking on the current mode parameter icon. Current mode parameter
show all events in a time frame: events are grouped in successive time intervals, specified in the frame time step Monte Carlo: repeat the simulation for the number of runs, with new random timing values (calculated within scatter parameters) only the first simulation is displayed pausing at each event: step through the events apply delay scatter factors: multiply the defined scatter values for each detonator by these amounts for the simulation (zero = no scatter) pausing between events: slow the simulation display by this amount between events
35
36
37
38
Appendix
Import
from the File menu, select Import DXF on the Read DXF form, click the [Browse] button, then find and select the .dxf file to import each layer in the file is scanned for strings (POLYLINE), designed holes (LINE = +) and drilled holes (CIRCLE = o) the data is separated onto each of the tabs in the form on each tab, a tick in the box means that the data will be imported
select the layer (as shown above) to modify the string properties click the [Change Display] button to change the colour, style and thickness of all strings in the layer
39
for holes, select the layer and enter the values to be used for each hole otherwise, the default values from the current hole parameters will be used click [OK] to import the selected data the data will be added to any existing data in the design area
40
strings are labelled according to their source layer - select View / Options / Visibility / Area labels to display
holes have a comment attached according to their source layers, shown by a + inside the hole - click the [Comment Information] button on the toolbar to see the text designed holes (+) are automatically marked (an M inside the hole) - drilled holes are unmarked
41
all data can now be edited as for any other data in 2DBench
42
click the [] button select the folder and then either enter a new file name or select an existing file note: existing files will be overwritten ! for strings, you can either export the nearest string to the cursor, or all strings these will be created in a single layer holes can be exported as either designed (+) or drilled (o), as determined by the marking enter a name for the layer and a size for the symbol click [OK] to create the file
43