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  • Excelfore Ethernet AVB Software Architecture On ARM Cortex SOCs

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    excelfore
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    Traditional clocking synchronization in networked A/V systems is done via elaborate means. In the automotive sector, the clock synchronization of displays and multi-channel audio in an infotainment platform is implemented using MOST, which is an isochronous environment. In the Pro-A/V area, the displays are synchronized through a combination of separate master clock control link and fixed delay compensation depending on the length of the control link. Synchronization thus has been a tedious and time consuming exercise. Standard Ethernet does not provide QoS and it is an asynchronous environment, although topologies exist to provide it today. The Ethernet AVB Protocol (IEEE1722+IEEE1588 or 802.1AS) in one such standard that formally brings a QoS and synchronization implementation to Ethernet. By providing global time synchronization mechanism combined with a protocol of prioritization of streams as they pass through switches, Ethernet AVB offers an Isochronous environment similar to that of the MOST bus. Ethernet AVB protocol allows widespread proliferation of Ethernet standard in Automotive, Pro-AV and Pro-Audio systems. Examples of Ethernet AVB application are: 1) Automotive ADAS in surround camera architecture 2) Automotive Infotainment End points 3) Pro A/V video wall projection system and 4) Multichannel Sound system for Automotive, Studio Environments.

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    Excelfore Ethernet AVB software architecture on ARM Cortex SOCs

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    Traditional clocking synchronization in networked A/V systems is done via elaborate means. In the automotive sector, the clock synchronization of displays and multi-channel audio in an infotainment platform is implemented using MOST, which is an isochronous environment. In the Pro-A/V area, the displays are synchronized through a combination of separate master clock control link and fixed delay compensation depending on the length of the control link. Synchronization thus has been a tedious and time consuming exercise. Standard Ethernet does not provide QoS and it is an asynchronous environment, although topologies exist to provide it today. The Ethernet AVB Protocol (IEEE1722+IEEE1588 or 802.1AS) in one such standard that formally brings a QoS and synchronization implementation to Ethernet. By providing global time synchronization mechanism combined with a protocol of prioritization of streams as they pass through switches, Ethernet AVB offers an Isochronous environment similar to that of the MOST bus. Ethernet AVB protocol allows widespread proliferation of Ethernet standard in Automotive, Pro-AV and Pro-Audio systems. Examples of Ethernet AVB application are: 1) Automotive ADAS in surround camera architecture 2) Automotive Infotainment End points 3) Pro A/V video wall projection system and 4) Multichannel Sound system for Automotive, Studio Environments.

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    269 visualizações10 páginas

    Excelfore Ethernet AVB Software Architecture On ARM Cortex SOCs

    Enviado por

    excelfore
    Traditional clocking synchronization in networked A/V systems is done via elaborate means. In the automotive sector, the clock synchronization of displays and multi-channel audio in an infotainment platform is implemented using MOST, which is an isochronous environment. In the Pro-A/V area, the displays are synchronized through a combination of separate master clock control link and fixed delay compensation depending on the length of the control link. Synchronization thus has been a tedious and time consuming exercise. Standard Ethernet does not provide QoS and it is an asynchronous environment, although topologies exist to provide it today. The Ethernet AVB Protocol (IEEE1722+IEEE1588 or 802.1AS) in one such standard that formally brings a QoS and synchronization implementation to Ethernet. By providing global time synchronization mechanism combined with a protocol of prioritization of streams as they pass through switches, Ethernet AVB offers an Isochronous environment similar to that of the MOST bus. Ethernet AVB protocol allows widespread proliferation of Ethernet standard in Automotive, Pro-AV and Pro-Audio systems. Examples of Ethernet AVB application are: 1) Automotive ADAS in surround camera architecture 2) Automotive Infotainment End points 3) Pro A/V video wall projection system and 4) Multichannel Sound system for Automotive, Studio Environments.

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    de 10

    AVB software architecture on ARM Cortex SOCs

    Document Number:
    990901-FR-60-0108-1

    December12, 2012

    Shrikant Acharya CTO

    Excelfore Corporation
    43255 Mission Boulevard Fremont, California 94539 USA


    CopyrightNotice:2012ExcelforeCorporation ThisdocumentcontainsproprietaryinformationofExcelforeCorporation.Nopartofthisdocumentmaybe reproduced,stored,copied,ortransmittedinanyformorbymeansofelectronic,mechanical,photocopyingor otherwise,withouttheexpressconsentofExcelforeCorporation.Thisdocumentisintendedfortherecipientonly andnotmeantfordistribution.

    Excelfore Confidential

    Excellence in Connected Automotive Systems

    Table of Contents
    1 2 3 4 5 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 Need for AVB in Industry .................................................................................................... 1 AVB System Glossary ........................................................................................................... 2 Basic System Setup ............................................................................................................... 3 Multi-display Projection System under AVB Components .............................................. 4 5.1 Linux Ethernet Driver ..................................................................................................... 4 5.2 Gstreamer ........................................................................................................................ 4 5.3 Media Clock/Vsync Phase Synchronization ................................................................... 5 5.3.1 gPTP (Precision Time Protocol) ................................................................................. 6 6 AVB System Block Diagram ................................................................................................ 7

    2012, Excelfore Corporation

    Excellence in Connected Automotive Systems

    1 Introduction
    ThisdocumentisawhitepaperthatdescribesanAVBS/WArchitectureimplemented onARMCortexA8SiliconwithanintegratedEthernet1588MAC. MorespecificallytheAVBimplementationiscreatedonaTexasinstrumentsCentaurus Platform(TI814X).

    2 Need for AVB in the Industry


    TraditionalclockingsynchronizationinnetworkedA/Vsystemsiselaboratemeans.In theautomotivesector,theclocksynchronizationofdisplaysandmultichannelaudioin aninfotainmentplatformisimplementedusingtheMOST.MOSTBusisanisochronous environment.IntheProA/Vareathedisplaysaresynchronizedthroughacombination ofseparatemasterclockcontrollinkandfixeddelaycompensationdependingonthe lengthofthecontrollink.Synchronizationthushasbeenatediousandtimeconsuming exercise.StandardEthernetdoesnotprovideQoSanditisanasynchronous environment,althoughtopologiesexisttoprovideittoday. TheEthernetAVBProtocol(IEEE1722+IEEE1588or802.1AS)inonesuchstandardthato formallybringsaQoSandsynchronizationimplementationtotheEthernet.By providingglobaltimesynchronizationmechanismcombinedwithaprotocolof prioritizationofstreamsastheypassthroughswitches,makestheEthernetIsochronous liketheMOSTbus.EthernetAVBprotocolwillallowthewidespreadproliferationof EthernetinAutomotive,ProAVandProAudiosystems. ExamplesofEthernetAVBapplicationare: 1)AutomotiveADASinsurroundcameraarchitecture 2)AutomotiveInfotainmentEndpoints 3)ProA/Vvideowallprojectionsystemand 4)MultichannelSoundsystemforAutomotive,StudioEnvironments.
    2012, Excelfore Corporation Page 1

    Excellence in Connected Automotive Systems

    AutomotiveADASSurroundCamerasneedtobringthevideosnapshotsatthesame timetothedriverfromvariouspointsonthecar,ProAVVideoWallsapplicationsneed tohavesynchronizationacrossallscreenssoastoprojectimagesthatarespreadover multiplescreens.EthernetAVBAutomotiveInfotainmentEndpointshavetosynchronize thedisplaysandtheseparatemultichannelamplifiersoundsystemandtheWireless MultichannelAudiothatneedstosynchronizethedelaysamongstspatiallyarranged speakersystems. Thisdocumentpresumesthereaderhasaworkingknowledgeofthestandardssuchas IEEE1722,IEEE1588andIEEL802.ASstandardsthatencompassEthernetAVB.

    3 AVB system glossary


    ADAS:AdvancedDriverAssistanceSystem A/V:AudioVideoSystem AVBSwitch:EthernetSwitchorHubthatiscompliantwithIEEE1722and802.1AS specifications. InfotainmentSystems:CenterStackinacarthathousestheMediaplaybackofaudio andvideo,system,navigation,phoneconnectivityusingBTetc. BT:Bluetoothhandsfreetechnology Listener:Systemthatreceiveda/vpacketsandsynchronizationsignals.Thea/vpackets aredecodedandpresentedtoascreen. MOST:MediaOrientedSystemsTransport PST:Presentationtimestamp.Theseaccompanytheimagepayloadheader. ProA/V:ProfessionalAudioVideo QoS:QualityofService SyncPackets:Timingsynchronizationpacketsthatprovidingtimingsignalsforallslave nodestobeinsync. Talker:Typicallyacamerasystemorastreamencoderthatencodesvideosignalsand formatsthemasIEEE1722envelope.
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    Excellence in Connected Automotive Systems

    4 Basic system setup


    ThebasicconfigurationofanAVBapplicationsystemisshownintheFigure1.It consistsoffourHDdisplays,eachhavinganARMCortexA8,Centaurussystemwhich actsaslisteners.AnAVBswitchfeedseachofthelistenersystemswithatime synchronizedHDstreamfromatalker. AfullHDstreamisencodedatthetalkerwhichistimestampedandsenttotheAVB switchfordistributiontothelistenersdestinationaddresses.EachCentaurusListener willdecodethecompleteimagethatitreceivesandusingthevideoscalarcropthe imagetoaquarterofitssizeforthespecificspatialquadrant.Thecroppedimagewhich isnowaquadrantwillthenbescaleduptotheresolutionofthedisplay. E.g.,thefullimagerepresentsaresolutionof1920x1080,aquadrantshallrepresent 960x540.EachofthedisplaysintheFigure1.,areHDresolutiondisplays(1920x1080). Soascalarwilltakethequadrantimageof960x540andscaleitbacktothedisplays resolution. EachlistenerwillusethetimestampsandthevsynctimesynchronizedtothegPTP clock.

    2012, Excelfore Corporation

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    Excellence in Connected Automotive Systems

    5 Multi-display projection system under AVB components


    5.1 Linux Ethernet driver
    TheLinuxEthernetdriverservicesthenetworkconnectionfortheEthernetAVBstack. ThedriveriswrittenwitharawEthernetsocketandnotasTCP/IPsocket.Excelforehas aclocktimingevent(CPTStimingevent)supportintheTILinuxnetworkkerneldriveron theA8.ThisallowstheAVBtimingtobeimplemented.TheKerneldriverusesthe hardwareassistavailableintheEthernetMAC(1588TimingExtractor)togetaccessto themasternetworkclockcounterdata.Thisdataisusedtosynchronizeallclockevents inthelistenerasshowninFigure2.0.ThisdriverprocessesallSyncPacketscoming throughthenetwork.Otherpayloadsarepassedtoupperblocksforprocessing.

    5.2 Gstreamer
    TheAVBSystemwillusetheopensourceGstreamer. Gstreamerisalibraryfor constructinggraphsofmediahandlingcomponents.Theapplicationsitsupportsrange fromsimpleaudioplayback,audio/videostreamingtocomplexaudio(mixing)andvideo (nonlinearediting)processingMultimediastreams.Gstreamerwillbeusedforthe videodecoder,scalingandpresentation. TIsupportsGstreamerthroughtheirOpenmaxCodeccomponents.Gstreamerwill providegreaterflexibilitythanusingtheTIOpenmaxcomponentsdirectly.Special featuressuchvideocropping,videoscalingetc.,arebetterhandledinGstreamer. StandardsupportforIEEE1722packetsisavailableaspartoftheAVBstackfrom Excelfore.Howeverinterfacesforspecializedprotocolse.g.RTPcanbeprovidedaspart ofthedelivery. AstandardlistoffilterstoenablemultimediacomponentsisprovidedwiththeSDK.. Thesewillincludeallcomponentsofthefiltergraphusinghelperse.g.playbin,decoder bin.
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    Excellence in Connected Automotive Systems

    ThePSThastobeextractedfromtheencodedstreamreceivedatthelistenerandmade availableatthestartofpresentationwhilethecompressedimageisdecodedandready tobedisplayed.AttentionhastobepaidtoFramereorderingfordisplayasFramesare compressedandordereddifferentlyforeaseofdecoding.WeareunlikelytohaveB framesinourh.264.RegardlessevenifthedecoderusesonlyIorbothI&Pframes, thereneedstobetimestamps. WerecommendthattheTalkermulticastasingleHDstreamtoallfourlisteners.An optionalmethodavailableistotransmitfourseparateHDstreams,oneforeach listener,butthisrequiresfourtimesthebandwidth.ThereisaHDstreamdecoderin eachlistenerbox. ThevideorendererwilltimethepresentationofdecodedframesbasedontheMedia clockusingPTS(Presentationtimestamps).Fortypicalvideoprojectionapplications, onlyvideoneedstobesynchronized. ForalltheflexibilitythatisprovidedbygStreamer,itdoescomewithaddedoverhead forprocessingwhichcanbecomeabottleneck.IfCPUprocessinghastobeoptimized thenamorecompactschemeisrecommendedthatbypassesthegStreamer framework.

    5.3 Media Clock/Vsync phase synchronization


    VSyncsynchronizationwillbeprovidedinvideodriver.Systemclockhastobe synchronizedwiththeEthernetclock.ThissystemclockthensynchronizestheMedia clock. Duringinitialization,thetalkerwillsendmessagestosynchronizeVsyncsforallthe listenersatapointoftimeinthefuture.Allfourlistenerswillthenresettheirvideo controllerattheirprescribedtimeonthereceiptofthesyncmessage.Oncethissync
    2012, Excelfore Corporation Page 5

    Excellence in Connected Automotive Systems

    eventhappens,ateveryVsyncInterrupttheSystemclockismonitoredtomakeany adjustmentstothevideoclockfrequency,tomaintainthesynchronization.Thisisthe phasesynchronizationoftheVsync. Amechanismhastobeaddedthatwillallowallsystemstosynchronizeandstarttheir presentationatthesametime.Thecontrolsystemcandecidehowtomovethevideo duringthevsyncinterrupte.g.ifitisslowtoskipaframeandiffaster,thentorepeata frame.AVCOcontrollerHWclockcanmakethingseasierasitprovidesmoreprecise timingcontrol. AllvideocontrollersystemsetupisthesamewitheveryCentaurusplatform.Firstthe videodriverhastobesynchronized.Theneverylistenerhastobesetupwithprecise timesoastostartinsync.Thereissomemaintenancecodethatisrunningduringthe vsyncinterrupttomakesurethatclocksinthelistenersarenotdriftingawayandare undercontrol. Whenthesystembootsupthevideoisgoingtobefreerunningandtheremaynotbea control.Howevercontrolcanbeexercisedthroughthevideodriverandaresetcanbe executedataspecifiedsystemtime.Videocanbedisabledandthenenabledona specifiedtimee.g.asystemmessagecanbeissuedtohavearesetin1ms.Targetisto maintainVsyncSynchronizationacrossallfourtalkersataprecisionbetterthan1ms drift.

    5.3.1 gPTP (Precision Time Protocol)

    TheCPTSdriverisalreadyimplementedontheCentaurususingtheHWtimestampin thekernelspace.APTPdaemoncanbecreatedinuserspacethatcanaccessthisHW timestamp.TheEthernetclockavailablethroughthenetworkshouldsynctheHWtime stampinthelistener.ThiswillphaselockthevideoclocktotheEthernetclock.Video driveralsoaccessestheHWtimestampasshowninthediagram.All4orfivesystems arephaselockedwithsomejitterbutwithinthelimits.


    2012, Excelfore Corporation Page 6

    Excellence in Connected Automotive Systems

    AlthoughtheSOWrecommendsusingptpdv2approachtotimingsynchronization,a moreconsistentapproachwouldbetousegPTPforboththePCandtheEVM.Our beliefisthatTIusedtheptpdv2approachasexpedientonthePCsidewhenthey developedtheLinuxcodeforthePC.OntheEVMsideTIcontinuestousethegPTPd. SiriusmodifiedptpdcodeisunifiedforbothPCLinuxandTIBIOS6.Itcanbeeasily appliedforTILinux.IfthecpswdriverworksontheEVMboardswithoutanyissues thenwecanintegratethecurrentcodetoworkonTILinux.

    6 AVB system block diagram


    TheAVBProA/Vsystemhassixcomponentstocontrolthedeliveryofsynchronized videofromtalkertothelisteners. Thecomponentshavealreadybeendescribedabove.Thisblockdiagramprovidesthe interactionbetweentheblocks. Thesystemcomponentsare 1. LinuxKernelDrivers 2. NetworkDriver 3. CPTSDriver 4. 802.1ASgPTPTiming 5. VideoApplication 6. Gstreamer 7. VideoSubSystem 8. VideoOutHWClock ThepayloadandsynctimingdataisreceivedintheNetworkDriver.Thesynctiming messagesarepassedtotheCPTSdriverforclocksynchronizationtothe802.1ASblock, whilethevideopayloadisforwardedtoaTCP/UDPdriverwhichforwardsthepacketsto Gstreamer.
    2012, Excelfore Corporation Page 7

    Excellence in Connected Automotive Systems

    VideoApplicationbuildsthefiltergraphandprovidesthehigherlevelmessagesfor videopresentatione.g.Play,Start,Stop,FF,RW.Thevideopayloadgetsdecoded, formattedandmadeavailabletotheVideoSubSystemforapresentation.Ahigh precisionclocksourcewhichisphaselockedwiththeClockDriverSync,isusedto generatetheSystemclockandtheCPTSclock.TheSystemclocksynchronizesthevideo subsystemclock,Mediaclockand802.1AgPTPlayer.TheCPTSclockdrivestheCPTS HWTimestampcontrol,whichisthenmadeavailabletothegPTPlayer.Synch MessageswhichcomeasrawEthernetpacketsandarepresentedtothegPTPlayer.Th e802.1ASlayer,phaselockstheclockdrivertotheEthernetclock.TheSourceclock providestriggerstotheclockdriverandthesystemclock.TheSystemandClockdriver serveasinputstotheCPTSsystemwhichisbeingsynchronizedwiththesystemtime throughthesyncmessages. TheSystemclockismadeavailabletotheentiresystemblocktosynchronizetheir operations.

    2012, Excelfore Corporation

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