Birdlife.org is a UK-registered charity No. 1042125. Important Bird Areas Americas - Priority sites for biodiversity conservation. Angulo patrolongo, F. (2009) Peru. P. 307 - 316 in Important bird areas americas.
Birdlife.org is a UK-registered charity No. 1042125. Important Bird Areas Americas - Priority sites for biodiversity conservation. Angulo patrolongo, F. (2009) Peru. P. 307 - 316 in Important bird areas americas.
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Birdlife.org is a UK-registered charity No. 1042125. Important Bird Areas Americas - Priority sites for biodiversity conservation. Angulo patrolongo, F. (2009) Peru. P. 307 - 316 in Important bird areas americas.
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Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Formatos disponíveis
Baixe no formato PDF, TXT ou leia online no Scribd
Casilla 17-17-717 Quito, Ecuador. Tel: +593 2 2277059 Fax: +593 2 2469838 americas@birdlife.org www.birdlife.org BirdLife International is a UK-registered charity No. 1042125 ISBN: 978-9942-9959-0-2 Recommended citation: DEVENISH, C., DAZ FERNNDEZ, D. F., CLAY, R. P., DAVIDSON, I. & YPEZ ZABALA, I. EDS. (2009) Important Bird Areas Americas - Priority sites for biodiversity conservation. Quito, Ecuador: BirdLife International (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 16). To cite this chapter: ANGULO PRATOLONGO, F. (2009) Peru. Pp 307 316 in C. Devenish, D. F. Daz Fernndez, R. P. Clay, I. Davidson & I. Ypez Zabala Eds. Important Bird Areas Americas - Priority sites for biodiversity conservation. Quito, Ecuador: BirdLife International (BirdLife Conservation Series No. 16). The purpose of the information contained in this book is to support conservation initiatives in the Americas, for which it may be reproduced. Using this information for commercial purposes is not permitted. If part or all of this information is used or included in any other publication, BirdLife International must be cited as copyright holder. Those who provided illustrations or photographs in this book have copyright over them and these are not permitted to be reproduced separately to the texts accompanying them. The presentation of material in this book and the geographical designations employed do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of BirdLife International concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Membership of BirdLife International does not imply any opinion or position with respect to sovereignty issues on the part of BirdLife International Partner organizations. Graphic design: Alejandro Miranda Baldares (alejoanime@yahoo.com) Translations: Christian Devenish, tala Ypez Zabala & Amiro Prez-Leroux Maps: David F. Daz Fernndez, tala Ypez Zabala & Christian Devenish Edition of Spanish language country chapters: tala Ypez Zabala, Carlos Huertas Snchez & David F. Daz Fernndez Graphic design volunteer (Spanish language country chapters): Adriana Valencia Tapia Printed in Ecuador by Poligrafca C.A. This publication and all country/territory chapters in their native languages are available for download at www.birdlife.org/ lmportunt rd Areus AMERICAS lernundo Anguo lrutoongo *,1 1he Lndungered und restrcted-runge Murveous Sputuetu |3VKKPNLZPHTPYHIPSPZ) hus ony been recorded rom tvo ocutons recenty, both lAs: Ro Ltcubumbu |lL057) und Lugunu de os Condores |lL062). lhoto: Henz lenge 307 leru Areu: lopuuton |2008): Cuptu: Attude: Numbcr of lBAs: TotaI lBA arca: lBA covcragc of Iand arca: 1otu number o brds: Cobuy threutened brds: Cobuy threutened brds n lAs: Country endemcs: l,285,2l5.6 km 2 28,220,764 Lmu 06768 m ll6 20,022,070 hu l5% l825 l00 86 l05 GcncraI introduction Country facts at a gIancc Peru is located in the center-west of South America and has a total area of 1,285,215.6 km 2 . The country shares borders with Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil and Bolivia to the east, and Chile to the south; to the west lies the Pacifc ocean. Perus capital, Lima, is located on the coast, in the center of the country and is the seat of the government. Politi- cally, Peru is divided into 24 regions as well as the Constitutional Province of El Callao. Regions, in turn, are subdivided into provinces, and these, into districts. Peru currently has a total of 180 provinces and 1747 districts. Perus population stands at 28,220,764 inhabitants (2008), of which 72% live in urban areas and 28% in rural zones. Forty-four ethnic groups also inhabit Peru, divided into 14 ethno-linguistic families. Peru`s geographic location alone would imply a tropical climate, however, due to the infuence of the cold Hum- boldt current, the Andes (traversing the country north to south) and the area of high pressure in the South Pacifc, Peru has a great variety of climates. Eight principal climate types have been identifed (Ministerio de Agricultura 2008), ranging from dry or humid hot climates, through temperate and Meso-Andean valleys to puna and snow. Peru is divided into three catchment areas: Pacifc, Atlantic and Lake Titicaca. There are 52 rivers within the Pacifc ba- sin, with the most representative being the Tumbes, Chira, Chancay, Jequetepeque, Santa, Rimac, Caete, Ica, Majes and Tambo rivers. The rivers of the Amazon or Atlantic basin are generally long and voluminous with many tributaries. The most important river ports in Peru in the Amazon are Imaza, Iquitos, Pucallpa, Yurimaguas and Puerto Maldonado. Lake Titicaca, located on the Collao plateau in the south of Peru, is an endorheic basin (without a superfcial outlet to the sea) as the lake is contained by the western and eastern ranges of the Andes. The 8380 km 2 lake receives waters from the riv- ers Suches, Huancan, Ramis, Coata and Ilave. Peru is divided by the Andes into three regions: Northern Andes, Central Andes and Southern Andes containing 21 ecoregions (CDC-UNALM 2006), including ecosystems such as mangroves, dry, montane and humid forests, savannas, desert, paramos, puna, lakes and rivers, among others. Peru is one of the 10 most diverse, or megadi- verse, countries on the planet due to its wealth in ecosystems, species, genetic resources and cultures (CONAM 2001). In fora alone, some 25,000 species are calculated to exist in Peru (10% of the worlds total), of which 30% are endemic. Peru has the most plant species whose known properties are used by humans (4400 spp) and native domesti- cated species (128) in the world. Domestic animals include, alpaca (Lama pacos), llama (Lama glama), guinea pig (Cavia porcellus), domestic duck (Cairina moschata) and the cochineal insect (Dactylopius coccus) from which a crimson dye is produced. Of the four most important crops for human con- sumption in the world (wheat, rice, potato and maize), Peru has a high genetic diversity of both potato and maize (CONAM 2001). In terms of wild fauna, Peru also has a high diversity of fsh (2000 species, 10% of the global total), 3300 species of amphibians and 462 species of mammals. lurque Nuconu Cerros de Amotupe |lL00l) hus one o the hghest numbers o threutened speces n leruvun lAs, such us the Vunerube Ltte \oodstur |*OHL[VJLYJ\ZIVTI\Z). lhoto: lernundo Anguo lrutoongo lhoto: Roger Ahmun 308 Peru has a national state system of protected areas (SINANPE, in Spanish), created in 1990 and made up of 63 protected areas, totaling 18,043,379.84 ha, representing 14.04% of the countrys area. Some of the largest protected areas within the system include Alto Purs, Pacaya- Samiria and Manu with areas over 2.5, 2 and 1.5 million ha, respectively. Another level of protection exists in the form of Conservation Areas, which do not belong to the state (and do not form part of the SINANPE), but are managed by regional governments (Box 2) or by private landowners. By the beginning of 2009, 18 Conservation Areas had been declared, covering 256,725 ha, representing 0.20% of Perus area. Both types of protected areas represent 14.24% of the countrys area (Table 1). lurk vurden trunng n Suntuuro Hstorco osque de lomuc |lL0l8), one o tvo lAs n ths type o protected ureu. lhoto: lernundo Anguo lrutoongo osque de lreoo |lL0l0) provdes crtcu hubtut to the Crtcuy Lndungered \hte-vnged Cuun |7LULSVWLHSIPWLUUPZ, et). lt s ony one o three lAs desg- nuted or ths speces, o vhch ony 250 ure estmuted to remun n the vd. lhoto: NCl-leru Other legal instruments for site conservation in Peru include ecological easements, conservation concessions, ecotourism concessions, wildlife management area concessions and contracts to manage protected areas. These conservation mechanisms are found on private property (ease- ments), in protected areas (contracts) and state land (all other forms). Peru is party to a series of international agreements on biodiversity conservation, among which the following are highlighted: Conven- tion on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, Convention on Biological Diversity, the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands and the Convention on Migratory Species. In 2006, regional workshops were held to compile information on a Nation- al Bird Conservation Strategy in Peru. The initiative is being coordinated by PromPeru, BirdLife International and Naturaleza y Cultura Internacio- nal, with backing from the National Institute of Natural Resources and the National Environment Council (CONAM, in Spanish). This strategy will allow diffculties and opportunities to be identifed for bird conservation in Peru, as well as establishing conservation priorities based on threats faced by birds. The strategy incorporates existing conservation mechanisms such as the IBA program as well as income generating initiatives such as birding tourism aimed at creating opportunities for conservation. 1he orthcomng nutonu brd conservu- ton strutegy v denty opportuntes und prortes or brd conservuton us ve us ncorporutng exstng conservuton mechunsms, such us the lA progrum. Protcctcd arca typc Nutonu purks Nutonu sunctuures Hstorc sunctuures Nutonu reserves \de reuges Lundscupe reserves Communu reserves lrotecton orests Huntng reserves Reserved zones Regonu conservuton ureus lrvute conservuton ureus TOTAL Number 12 7 4 11 2 2 7 6 2 10 3 15 81 TotaI arca (ha) 7,967,119 263,982 41,279 3,298,712 8,592 651,818 1,753,869 389,987 124,735 3,543,286 150,833 105,892 18,300,104 TabIc 1. lrotected ureu types und coveruge n leru lhoto: Henz lenge 309 leru Peru is considered to hold the second highest number of bird species in the world, after Colombia. A total of 1825 species have been recorded (this could increase to 1840 with changes in taxonomy), belonging to 23 orders and 89 families, of which 105 are endemic to the country. However, following the South American Classifcation Committee, Peru has 1721 bird species (Remsen et al. 2008). According to the IUCN Red List, Peru has 100 threatened species at global level (BirdLife International 2007), consisting of eight Criti- cally Endangered species (CR), 31 Endangered (EN) and 61 Vulner- able (VU) . The national red list established by the Peruvian State (El Peruano 2004) puts the total at 108, divided as follows: 12 CR, 35 EN and 61 VU. Apart from the above government decree, no red data book as such has been published in Peru (Box 1). The principal direct threats to birds in Peru are hunting for consump- tion, direct capture for the pet trade, indirect capture in fshing nets and habitat destruction (mainly conversion of montane, dry and Amazon forests to agriculture caused by human migrations). Mining and petro- leum extraction are also signifcant threats. At global level, Peru has the second highest number of restricted-range species (211) and the highest among Neotropical countries. These species are distributed over 16 Endemic Bird Areas (EBAs) and three leru s consdered to hod the second hghest number o brd speces n the vord, u totu o l825 speces huve been recorded, o vhch l05 ure endemc to the country. 1he ghtess }unn Crebe |7VKPJLWZ[HJaHUV^ZRPP, et) s the most threutened brd n leru, endemc to Luke }unn ut over 4000 m. lt s threutened by chungng vuter eves und pouton rom mnng reuted uctvtes. 1he tvo ndvduus to the rght ure Svery Crebe |7VKPJLWZVJJPWP[HSPZ). lhoto: Aeundro 1eo, vvv.rurebrdsyeurbook.com Secondary Areas (Stattersfeld et al. 1998). A new Secondary Area has also been proposed for Scarlet-banded Barbet (Capito wallacei) and Royal Sunangel (Heliangelus regalis). There are 352 species restricted to six biomes, with the Central Andes (CAN) biome being the best represented with 179 species present in Peru of a total of 213 restricted to the biome. Records also exist for 135 migratory species, which can be grouped into three categories: 40 Neartic migratory species, breed- ing in the Neotropics, 51 Neartic species which do not breed in the Neotropics and 44 austral migrants (Stotz et al. 1996). Peru has more members of the family Tyrannidae (248 species), Furnariidae (121) and Emerizidae (91) than any other country in the world, as well as fve Inca-fnch species belong to the endemic genus Incaspiza (Valqui 2006). Ornithological studies began in Peru at the end of the 1770s. The frst treatise on Peruvian birds was published in Ornithologie du Prou as a result of Taczanowskis sponsorship of expeditions by Stolzmann and Jelski after 1860. Later, between 1931 and 1955 John T. Zimmer published Studies on Peruvian Birds following ex- peditions to the country backed by the Chicago Field Museum. In 1964, ONeill began expeditions in Peru, resulting in the descrip- tion of 20 species new to science (Franke 2007). A scientifc bird collection was frst begun in Peru by Antonio Raimondi, whose specimens formed the basis of the Ornithological Collection of the Natural History Museum of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (Franke 2007). Further collections now exist in Tru- jillo, Arequipa, and Lima. An important milestone in Peruvian ornithology was the publication of the country`s frst checklist by Parker et al. (1982). In 2001, the frst guide to the birds of Peru was published by Clements & Shany, subsequently, Schulenberg et al. produced the most complete work on Peruvian birds in 2007. The Ornithological Union of Peru was established in October 2006 as a non-proft-making organization which aims to promote educa- tion, scientifc study and conservation of birds in Peru. In April 2008, the Peruvian Checklist Committee was created, consisting of a group of 10 ornithologists, and aimed at evaluating and validating new bird records for the country. 1umbesun regon endemcs ncude |rom et to rght) urd's lycutcher |4`PVK`UHZ[LZIHPYKPP), 1umbes Spurrov |(PTVWOPSHZ[VSaTHUUP), Coustu Mner |.LVZP[[HWLY\]PHUH) und Cnereous nch |7PLaVYOPUHJPULYLH). lhotos: Murruy Cooper 3l0 IBA identifcation in Peru began in 2003 with the support of Conservation International, and was consolidated at the 1st National IBA Workshop, during the 5th National Ornithological Meeting in Arequipa (20-23 Octo- ber 2003). The above process, as well as the workshop, at which almost 140 people participated, was organized by staff at the Javier Prado Natural History Museum, led by Irma Franke (Franke et al. 2005). A preliminary identifcation of 193 IBAs was reduced to a fnal list of 128 during the workshop, covering 191,199 km 2 (14.75% of Perus area). These IBAs were published in the 2005 regional directory for the Tropical Andes (BirdLife International & Conservation International 2005). In 2008, a process to update the IBA inventory was begun. At the 7th National Ornitho- logical Conference in Piura a second IBA workshop was held with approxi- mately 80 participants. At the workshop, the 128 IBAs identifed in 2005 were revised and updated, resulting in new IBA proposals, elimination of others, redefnition of boundaries, name changes and confrmation of additional spe- cies within IBAs. This chapter presents the results of this updating process. lBA ovcrvicw TabIc 1. lmportunt rd Areus n leru l In total, 116 IBAs have been designated in Peru, covering 20,022,070 ha, representing 15% of the countrys land area (Table 2, Figure 1). IBAs in- clude 41 of 63 protected areas within the national protected area system (wholly or partially), representing 65% of protected areas. Nine of 13 Ramsar sites in Peru have been designated as IBAs: Bofedales y Laguna de Salinas (PE103), Humedal Lucre (Huacarpay; PE091), Lago Titicaca (PE097), Pacaya Samiria (PE109), Paracas (PE038), Reserva Na- cional de Junn (PE077), Santuario Nacional Lagunas de Meja (PE046), Pantanos de Villa (PE034) and Vice (PE012). At u recent lA vorkshop, the l28 lAs dented n 2005 vere revsed und upduted.
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PE001* PE002 PE003 PE004 PE005 PE006 PE007 PE008 PE009 PE010* PE011** PE012** PE013** PE014 PE015 PE016 PE017* PE018* PE019 PE020 PE021 lurque Nuconu Cerros de Amotupe Coto de Cuzu L Angoo 1uuru Suyo-Lu 1nu osque de Cuyus Aypute 1odo Huumbu lutushuco osques Secos de Sutru - Huurmucu - Cmos lsu locu Mungures de Sun ledro - Vce Lstuuro de Vrru lsu Lobos de 1erru lsu Lobos de Aueru Chumu Luqupumpu Suntuuro Hstorco osque de lomuc Chupurr Lu Lsperunzu Lus Decus luru, 1umbes luru luru luru luru luru luru luru luru Lumbuyeque, luru luru luru luru luru Lumbuyeque Lumbuyeque Lumbuyeque Lumbuyeque Cuumurcu, Lumbuyeque Cuumurcu Lumbuyeque l5l,56l 65,000 7,000 49,000 2,l70 l,000 2,800 2,600 3,000 l25,000 92 7,2l8 42,205 l,426 235 8,l50 8,329 5,887 34,4l2 l,600 2,800 1he Lndungered leruvun luntcutter |7O`[V[VTHYHPTVUKPP) s restrcted to the 1umbesun regon Lndemc rd Areu vth recent records rom ony ve ocutons, u o vhch ure lAs, ncudng 1uuru |lL003). lhoto: NCl-leru lhoto: Murruy Cooper 1 Sites which have been redefned or changed name since Franke et al. (2005) are marked by a singled asterisk, new sites are marked by a double asterisk. 3ll leru
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PE022 PE023 PE024 PE025** PE026 PE027 PE028 PE029 PE030 PE031 PE032 PE033 PE034 PE035 PE036 PE037 PE038 PE039 PE040 PE041** PE042 PE043 PE044 PE045 PE046 PE047 PE048 PE049 PE050 PE051 PE052 PE053 PE054** PE055** PE056* PE057** PE058* PE059 PE060 PE061* PE062 PE063* PE064 PE065* PE066* PE067 PE068 PE069 PE070* PE071 PE072 PE073 PE074 PE075 PE076 PE077 PE078 PE079 PE080 PE081 PE082 PE083 PE084 PE085 PE086 PE087 PE088 PE089 PE090 PE091 Ato Vue de Suu Ruun Luguen lsus Chuo-Corcovudo-Suntu-lerro Cochubumbu Chucchun \upuutun Sun Dumun-ernu luquo osque de Noqno Lugunu L luruso Reservu Nuconu Lomus de Luchuy osque de Zurute luntunos de Vu lsu luchucumuc Hortgu lsco Reservu Nuconu de lurucus Nuzcu Reservu Nuconu lumpu Cuerus Cotuhuus Lugo lurnucochus Atqupu Vue de Mues Chguutu Ro 1umbo y Lugunus de Meu Vocun Yucumun Lugunu de lte 1ucnu Cerro Chngueu Suntuuro Nuconu 1ubuconus-Numbue Sun }ose de Lourdes Lu Cochu Chnchpe uguu Corderu de Coun Ro Ltcubumbu Abru lutrcu - Ato Muyo Moyobumbu }esus de Monte Ro Muruon Lugunu de os Condores Ro Cuumurcu Sun Murcos L Mono Ro Abseo y 1uyubumbu Chumpuru lurque Nuconu Huuscurun Cerro Huunzuu-Huuuncu Corderu Huuyhuush y Nor-Cyon Cucu Curpsh lurque Nuconu 1ngo Muru Mpo luyu lumpu Corderu Yunuchugu Lugo de }unn Murcupomucochu Ato Vue Suntu Luuu-Moc lumpus lucucochu y Curcochu Ro Munturo-Corderu Centru Yuu Chuhuuncu Suntuuro Nuconu de Ampuy Runtucochu-Morocochu Corderu Vcubumbu Mundorcusu Suntuuro Hstorco Muchu lcchu Abru Muugu-Vcunotu Lugos Yunucochu Lugunus de Huucurpuy Cuumurcu Lumbuyeque Lu Lbertud Ancush, Lu Lbertud Ancush Ancush Ancush Ancush Ancush Lmu Lmu Lmu Lmu Lmu Lmu lcu lcu lcu Ayucucho Arequpu Ayucucho Arequpu Arequpu Arequpu Arequpu 1ucnu 1ucnu 1ucnu luru Cuumurcu Cuumurcu Cuumurcu Cuumurcu Amuzonus Amuzonus Amuzonus Amuzonus, Sun Murtn Sun Murtn Sun Murtn Amuzonus, Cuumurcu Amuzonus, Sun Murtn Cuumurcu Cuumurcu Lu Lbertud Lu Lbertud, Sun Murtn Ancush Ancush Huunuco Ancush, Huunuco, Lmu Huunuco Huunuco Huunuco Huunuco Huunuco lusco }unn, lusco }unn Lmu }unn, Lmu Huuncuvecu Huuncuvecu Apurmuc Apurmuc Apurmuc Cusco, }unn, Lcuyu Cusco Cusco Cusco Cusco Cusco 50,000 l,500 3,400 185 5,000 2,300 8,600 2l,000 5,800 l,530 5,070 l,800 396 24 850 l,200 335,000 4,350 6,500 490,550 ll,000 l2,200 9,378 36,200 6,045 7,500 l,360 7,l00 l3,600 29,500 5,000 l8,500 34,670 5,2l5 l35,675 35,967 356,370 93,700 5,070 98,786 267,l49 38,826 4,600 ll9,466 3l8,668 33,l00 340,000 6,830 78,420 l,735 220,000 4,777 5,200 l,200 l22,000 53,000 22,800 2l,800 23,900 l5,000 4,l00 l,600 3,635 38,200 2,425,000 70,800 32,592 35,200 2,800 3,800 3l2 The data compiled to identify IBAs in Peru comprises 1704 records of 393 bird species meeting different IBA criteria, corresponding to 22% of the countrys avifauna. A total of 86 of 100 species of globally threatened birds present in Peru meet IBA criteria within the network of sites. The main exceptions are marine birds, especially threatened Albatrosses and Petrels, given that the present inventory only includes terrestrial sites and islands. 201 species restricted to the 16 EBAs and Secondary Areas are represented in 99 sites as well as 308 biome-restricted species in 58 sites. Compared to the 2005 IBA inventory, nine new sites were added to the net- work in 2008, 14 have been rejected and 14 have been redefned, increasing the total IBA area in the country by 902,170 ha (shown in Table 1). New IBAs are located in the regions of Ancash, Piura, Lambayeque, Amazo- nas, Cajamarca, La Libertad, San Martin and Arequipa. Sites have been eliminated mainly due to taxonomic changes in species or redefnition of boundaries. The least represented regions in the whole IBA network are Huancavelica, Ayacucho, Abancay and Moquegua, whereas the best rep- resented regions correspond to Madre de Dios, San Martin and Tumbes. All ecoregions in Peru except two are represented in at least one IBA. Both unrepresented ecoregions are found in geographical extremes of the coun- try: Tumbesian mangroves in northwest Peru on the border with Ecuador; and Solimoes-Japura humid forests in the northwest of the country, to the north of the Napo and Amazon rivers, on the border with Colombia.
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PE092 PE093 PE094 PE095 PE096 PE097 PE098** PE099 PE100 PE101 PE102 PE103 PE104* PE105 PE106 PE107* PE108 PE109 PE110 PE111* PE112 PE113 PE114 PE115 PE116 uncem Mnu lncu Muruncuncu Sundu Vucon Rums y Arupu |Lugo 1tcucu, sector leruuno) Lugunu de Chucus Lugunu Lmuyo Lugo Lugunus Lugunu Muqueru Reservu Nuconu Sunus y Aguudu uncu Covre Corderu de Condor Lrukusu Moronu Cuencu Ro Nunuy Reservu Nuconu lucuyu Sumru lurque Nuconu Corderu Azu Reservu Comunu L Sru Ato lurus Munu Los Amgos Reservu Amuzoncu 1umboputu uhuuu-Sonene Cusco luno luno luno luno luno luno luno luno luno Arequpu, Moqueguu luno, 1ucnu Amuzonus, Loreto Amuzonus Loreto Loreto Loreto Huunuco, Loreto, Sun Murtn, Lcuyu Huunuco, lusco, Lcuyu Mudre de Dos, Lcuyu Cusco, Mudre de Dos Mudre de Dos Mudre de Dos Mudre de Dos Mudre de Dos, luno 66,300 2,600 57,l00 39,400 2,200 52l,000 584 29,800 5,300 142 366,936 73,600 l,642,567 4,400 l44,600 354,000 2,080,000 l,353,l90 6l6,4l3 2,724,263 l,7l6,295 l42,000 7,700 274,690 l,09l,4l6 For information on trigger species at each IBA, see individual site accounts at BirdLife`s Data Zone: www.birdlife.org/datazone/sites/ Priority actions for thrcatcncd birds cstabIishcd in Pcru As purt o the rdLe lreventng Lxtnctons lrogrumme, u strutegy outnng prorty uctons or threutened brds n leru vus druted. 1he proposu contuns u seres o uctons umed ut mprovng the conservuton stutus und knovedge o threutened speces n the country. Actons proposed or euch speces or sute o threutened speces |gven thut severu occur n the sume ureu) ure reuted to lAs gven thut most stes huve been desg- nuted or severu threutened brds und thereore represent deu ureus to mpement the strutegy. lAs vth most number o threutened speces ure Abru lutrcu - Ato Muyo |lL058), Corderu de Coun |lL056) und lurque Nuconu Cerros de Amotupe |lL00l). 1he mpementuton o the strutegy hopes to provde urther knovedge o leru's lAs us ve us threutened brds, enubng ntegru conservuton uctons to be mpemented or both. 1he Lndungered Long-vhskered Cvet |?LUVNSH\_SV^LY`P), dscovered n l976 und recenty seen ugun n the vd ut Abru lutrcu |lL058), s one o the speces thut muy benet rom ths strutegy. lhoto: LCCAN Box 1 Abru lutrcu - Ato Muyo |lL058). lhoto: Constuntno Auccu 3l3 leru figurc 1. Locuton o lmportunt rd Areus n leru 3l4 lBAs providc bascIinc to sct rcgionaI prioritics among conscrvation arcas 1he process o decentruzuton n leru hus gven regonu governments the opportunty to creute ther ovn systems o protected ureus |knovn us regonu conservuton ureus). Settng conservuton prortes or stes vthn euch potcu regon rees on denty- ng prortes or brds, mummus, punts, umphbuns und reptes, us ve us regonu nterests und cuturu vuues, umong others. Cven ths rumevork, rdLe hus vorked vth regonu governments to recognze lAs ocuy us prorty ureus or brds, thus, suvng regonu governments vuuube economc resources n the dentcuton o key stes. Moreover, gven thut lAs uso hod other bodversty o conservuton nterest, they muy become key stes or u vder runge o tuxu, puvng the vuy or lAs to become ormuy protected us regonu conservuton ureus. A concrete exumpe o ths process vth u regonu government comes rom the 1umbesun regon, ncudng some o the most threutened ecosystems n the country und vth one o the hghest counts o endemsm. A ont proect vus set up to estubsh regonu conservuton ureus vth the ocu governments o 1umbes, luru und Lumbuyeque, unded by leru's protected ureu und |lRClCNANlL) und l\ Lntvckungsbunk on behu o the Cermun Mnstry or Lconomc Cooperuton und Deveopment. 1he proect dented sx prorty conservuton ureus, tvo o vhch concde vth three lAs und u urther ureu s uducent to unother lA. ln 2009, techncu documents v be comped und presented to the Nutonu Stute lrotected Areus Servce to obtun ormu protecton us regonu conservuton ureus. Conversey, n the regons o Amuzonus, Cuumurcu, Sun Murtn und Lu Lbertud, betveen the Muruon vuey und the upper cutchment ureu o the rver Muyo, ten stes vere dented us regonu prortes or endemc und threutened brds |Anguo et u. 2008). 1hese regonu prorty stes served us the buss or proposng nev lAs und redenng others |pubshed n ths drectory), vhch n turn, v be used us u buss or prortzng conservuton ureus or u vder group o tuxu ut u regonu scue. 1umbes Hummngbrd |3L\JPWW\ZIHLYP) lhotos: Murruy Cooper Box 2 Chupurr |lL0l9) n the 1umbesun regon 3l5 leru Data sources Regional IBA Directory (Franke et al. 2005). Bird lists for Peru www.perubirdingroutes.com/NewWebsiteBirds/Site/Common/documents/ Listadeaves_mplenge.pdf SACC: www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.html Contact information Fernando Angulo Pratolongo (fernando.angulo@birdlife.org) IBA and Threatened Species Offcer, Peru Program BirdLife International Calle Los Zafros LL - 13, Urb. Mirafores, Castilla Piura, Peru Tel. +51 73 348909 / 348914 My sincere thanks to all those people who contributed information to the process of identifying and updating Perus IBAs. At the risk of omitting names, a special thanks to the following people: Edgardo Aguilar, Jos lvarez, Constantino Aucca, Katya Balta, Javier Barrio, Ronald Catpo, Ana Chunga, Vicente Cortz, Alex Cruz, Gunnar Engblom, Judith Figueroa, Jeremy Flanagan, Juan Carlos Flores, Irma Franke, Antonio Garcia Bravo, Diego Garca Olaechea, Mishari Garca, Melvin Gastaaga, Oscar Gonzales, Edwin Gutirrez, David Kikuchi, Jose La Torre, Ernesto Mlaga, Vctor Martnez, Ross McLeod, Alex More, Renzo Piana, David Pineda, Manuel Plenge, Berioska Quispe, Neil Renwick, Luis Ros, Indra Rodrguez, Tom Schulenberg, Nathan Senner, Diego Shoobridge, Noam Shany, Alejandro Tabini, Trinidad Tapia, Alejandro Tello, Joe Tobias, Joaqun Ugarte, Mauricio Ugarte, Jorge Valdez, Jaime Valenzuela, Jos Luis Venero, Jhonson Vizcarra, Barry Walker, Rob Williams, Carlos Zavalaga, Horacio Zeballos, William Zea and Renzo Zeppilli. A special thanks is also due to those people who attended the IBA workshop during the 7th National Ornithological Conference, held in Piura on 29 April 2008, as well as to the organizers of the conference for providing this opportunity. Many thanks also to Rob P. Clay, Ian Davidson, Christian Devenish, David Daz, Santiago Llore, Amiro Perez-Leroux, Amanda Tapia and tala Ypez of the BirdLife Americas Secretariat in Quito for their support and help during the process. Finally, a sincere thanks to the Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos and the authors of the Peru chapter in the regional IBA directory (Franke et al. 2005), including all those mentioned in the acknowledgements of this publication. ANGULO, F., PALOMINO, W., ARNAL, H., AUCCA, C. & UCHOFEN, O. (2008) Corredor de Conservacin de Aves Maran - Alto Mayo: Anlisis de Distribucin de Aves de Alta Prioridad de Conservacin e Identifcacin de Propuestas de reas para su Conservacin. Cusco, Peru: Asociacin Ecosistemas Andinos, American Bird Conservancy. BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL & CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL (2005) reas Importantes para la Conservacin de las Aves en los Andes Tropicales: sitios prioritarios para la conservacin de la biodiversidad. Quito, Ecuador: BirdLife International (BirdLife Conservation Series N 14). BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL (2007) 2007 IUCN Red List for birds. http://www.birdlife. org/datazone/species/ CDC-UNALM - CENTRO DE DATOS PARA LA CONSERVACION-UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AGRARIA LA MOLINA (2006) Anlisis de la Cobertura Ecolgica del Sistema Nacional de reas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado. Lima, Peru: CDC- UNALM, The Nature Conservancy. CLEMENTS, J. & SHANY, N. (2001) A Field Guide to the Birds of Peru. California, USA: Ibis Publishing Company. CONAM - CONSEJO NACIONAL DEL AMBIENTE (2001) Per: Estrategia Nacional sobre Diversidad Biolgica. Lima, Peru: CONAM. FRANKE, I., MATTOS, J., SALINAS, L., MENDOZA, C. & ZAMBRANO, S. (2005) reas importantes para la conservacin de las aves en el Per. Pp. 471-619 in BirdLife International & Conservation Internacional. reas importantes para la conservacin de las aves en los Andes Tropicales. Quito, Ecuador: BirdLife Internacional (BirdLife Conservation Series N 14) FRANKE, I. (2007) Historia de la ornitologa peruana e importancia de las colecciones cientfcas de aves. Revista peruana de biologa 14(1): 159- 164. MINISTERIO DE AGRICULTURA (2008) Clasifcacin de tipos de climas en el Per. http://www.minag.gob.pe/el-clima/clasifcacion-de-climas.html/ PARKER, T. A., PARKER, S. A. & PLENGE, M. A. (1982) An Annotated Checklist of Peruvian birds. Vermillion, USA: Buteo Books. EL PERUANO (2004) Decreto Supremo N 034 2004 AG del 22 de Septiembre de 2004. Categorizacin de Especies Amenazadas de Fauna Silvestre. REMSEN, J. V., JR., CADENA, C. D., JARAMILLO, A., NORES, M., PACHECO, J. F., ROBBINS, M. B., SCHULENBERG, T. S., STILES, F. G., STOTZ, D. F. & ZIMMER, K. J. (2008) Version 2008. A classifcation of the bird species of South America. American Ornithologists Union. http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/ SACCBaseline.html SCHULENBERG, T. S., STOTZ, D. F., LANE, D. F., ONEILL, J. P. & PARKER, T. A. (2007) Birds of Peru. Princeton, USA: Princeton University Press. STATTERSFIELD A. J., CROSBY, M. J., LONG, A. J. & WEGE, D. C. (1998) Endemic Bird Areas of the World: priorities for biodiversity conservation. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International (BirdLife Conservation Series N 6). STOTZ, D. F., FITZPATRICK, J. W., PARKER, T. A. & MOSKOVITS, D. K. (1996) Neotropical birds: ecology and conservation. Chicago, USA: Chicago University Press. VALQUI, T. (2006) Per. Edn natural de aves. Natural Eden of birds. Lima, Peru: Graph & Consult. Many conservation projects, specifcally focused on birds and eco- system conservation in general, have been implemented in IBAs. Site management and project implementation has been strongest in IBAs which are also protected areas and managed by the National State Pro- tected Areas Service, sometimes in association with conservation or- ganizations. However, in recent years, intense efforts by organizations, individuals and researchers have been focused on bird conservation actions in IBAs outside the National System of Protected Areas. A tangible example of site conservation following IBA designation is the project funded by the British Birdwatching Fair in 2004, promoting the conservation of species in the north of Peru, such as the Endangered Marvellous Spatuletail (Loddigesia mirabilis) and the Critically Endan- gered White-winged Guan (Penelope albipennis) in the IBAs of Rio Ut- cubamba (PE057) and Bosques Secos de Salitral - Huarmaca Olmos (PE010), respectively, both of which currently lack formal protection. lrortes or the lA progrum ncude estubshng ormu protecton, prortzuton und ncorporuton nto government ugendus. lostonng lAs us key observuton ponts on brdng routes, provdes exceent deveopment opportuntes or communtes. The IBA concept in Peru is relatively young and has only recently be- gun to gather strength. Priorities for the IBA program should include: 1) creating formal protection for unprotected sites, given the many and increasing threats; 2) basic research on many threatened species in order to ascertain their real status; 3) priority setting among IBAs to establish where most urgent action is needed; and 4) incorporation of the IBA concept at central government level to ensure that IBAs are considered within development plans at all levels. Another opportunity for IBA conservation is to position sites as key observation points on birding routes. PromPeru, the national Export and Tourism Promotion Board, has recently begun a strong market- ing campaign to publicize this type of tourism both within Peru and abroad. Three main birding routes exist in the north, center and south of the country, in which many key sites coincide with IBAs. This co- occurrence provides excellent development opportunities for local communities, which could help ensure site conservation. 3l6