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Bea Diaz

Period 2

WHAP

Ch. 17 Reading Notes


Chapter Title: The West and the World Chronology (time period & major events):

Significant Characteristics & Developments: Family structure: European-style family; patriarchal Social

Political

Late marriage, nuclear families not extended..Goals/reasons: limit birth/family size, husband/wife importance, Linked family to property holdings cant marry till own property Kings still restricted by power of local lords Peasants not touched by Renaissance values Men more bravado women more domestic Growing proletariat people without access to property -1450-1750 dramatic changes Increased bureaucratization -political theory-Niccolo Machiavelliend justified means->better to be feared than loved -political change toward greater state power-> Revenue increasegreater ceremony/ pomp blowing $ State sponsored trading companies Military conquest Feudal/religious justifications not as important as state -feudal monarchies come to an endabsolute and parliamentary monarchies introduced 1450-1750 dramatic changes Still agricultural, commercially active, manufacturing base Improved banking techniques Merchants became more profit-seeking Political rule based on ability to improve well-being/citys glory Professional armies/improved tech. conflict among city-states Diplomacy exchange of ambassadors Commercial revolution: new world economy.greater commercialization(increased tradenew goods) Causes: increased inflation, import of gold and silver (prices up), new wealth needs new products, Borrowing cheap companies take more risks easier to pay back, great trading companies, Increased purchasing power of ordinary citizens -1450-1750 dramatic changes Science at center of society, shifting ideas of family/nature -1650-1750 scientific revolution-> Enlightenment -The Italian Renaissance-> artistic movement, challenged medieval styles/valuesexamined old truths -new themes: writing in Latin, Secular subjects love/pride, Classical/human-centered themes, Religion declined as focus Humanism humankind as focus of intellectual/artistic -Humanists wrote in vernacular own language Writers more popular culture low-brow Shakespeare-> bodily functions, human passions, set new classics -protestant reformation1517 Martin Luther controversy -catholic reformation: Special council meetings, revived catholic doctrine, restated importance of sacraments. Tried to get rid of superstition of sacraments, Jesuits- politics, education , missionary work -series of religious wars: thirty years war, English civil wars -witch craft persecution 17th CEattacked by the scientific revolution

Economic
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Cultural

1. 2.

1.

Bea Diaz TED

Period 2

WHAP

-technology changes adopted from Asia: Pulleys/pumps for mines stronger iron Printing press-movable type- invented by Johannes gutenburg: helped expand renaissance, literacy gained around, source for new thinking -reasons for change-> dominance of international trade, overseas expansion, Combination of commerce, state, culture, and technology, series of cultural shifts 1450-1650 -population growth/inflation

Key People or Individuals (briefly identify): -Frederick the Great: Prussian king who introduced Enlightenment reforms; included freedom of religion and increased state control of the economy. -Adam Smith: established new school of economic thought; argued that governments should avoid regulation of economies in favor of the free play of market forces -Mary Wollstonecraft: Enlightenment English feminist thinker; argued that political rights should be extended to women -Ren Descartes: philosopher who established the importance of the skeptical review of all received wisdom; argued that human wisdom could develop laws that would explain the fundamental workings of nature. -Galileo: publicized Copernicus's findings; added own discoveries concerning the laws of gravity and planetary motion; condemned by the Catholic church for his work. -Copernicus: Polish monk and astronomer; disproved Hellenistic belief that the sun was at the center of the universe. -Johannes Gutenberg: introduced movable type to western Europe in the 15th century; greatly expanded the availability of printed materials. Comparison/Relations with Other Societies: -west/china/ and many other civilizations Increased bureaucratization as a result to expanding global interaction and contact

Questions & Connections (What argument or point remains unclear? Any thought that comes to mind, triggered by the text? What historical, global, thematic, or even personal connections can you make?):

QUESTIONS:
Do the religious differences between Europeans resemble the arguments between different groups of believers in the other major world religions? -What are the major differences between the Italian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance? CONNECTIONS: -Europe and the World-> By the mid-15th century, European Christians thought that their religion made them superior to others, but they recognized the strengths and prosperity of differing civilizations. The attitude that certain societies were backward when compared to the West had a strong, widespread impact on the future.

Bea Diaz

Period 2

WHAP

-1450 Christianity makes them superior, but why do other civilizations have better cities/economy

-1750 believed their rational thought better than superstitions of others


-Changed views of Europe and others toward selves

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