Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
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Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems Popular solar energy conversion systems
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Applications of Solar Energy Benefits of Solar Energy
• It is abundant
Solar energy is generally available everywhere,
every day, though the intensity varies with
weather conditions and geographical locations.
• It is environmentally friendly
No noise, heat or greenhouse gases. It will not
Japan Germany USA deplete natural resources. Every 1,200 units of
Small-scale rooftop PV This picture shows one BIPV system at
systems are of the world’s Moscone Convention
solar electricity generated reduces around 1
commonly used for largest grid-connected Centre, 675 kW, San tonne of carbon dioxide (CO2).
domestic PV systems Francisco.
purposes. (10 MW), Bavaria
Solarpark. • It is convenient to install
Rank Country Installed Capacity Solar panels can be retrofitted into existing
1 Japan 1,132 MW building structures and fixtures.
2 Germany 794 MW
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3 USA 365 MW
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How is Wind Formed?
Wind Energy Through the Years Theoretically, about 1 to 2% of the sun’s radiation turns into
wind energy when it arrives at the earth, which is about a
hundred times of all the energy consumed on the planet.
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Offshore Wind Farms
Onshore Wind Farms • They are typically constructed in
regions with high population
Onshore wind farms continue to make up the densities with few suitable sites.
majority of wind farms around the world. Advantages
• Steadier and stronger supply of wind
Advantages than onshore wind farms, less visual
• Lower construction costs compared with offshore impact, less likely to be affected by
wind farms, easy access for maintenance, height restrictions than hilltop wind An offshore wind
turbines. farm located at
relatively convenient to connect to power grids. Constraints Rodsand
Constraints • Higher construction costs, subject to of Denmark, with 72
• Height restrictions for hilltop wind turbines, water depth restrictions (most wind turbines, total
unsteady wind conditions, concerns over noise and existing off-shore installations are in installed capacity of
waters shallower than 20 metres. 165.6 MW.
visual impact on the environment.
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Rejsby Hede Wind
Farm, in Denmark,
consists of 40 Benefits of Wind Energy
turbines with a
total • It is clean and does not pollute the air
installed capacity Wind turbines do not emit greenhouse gases or
of 24 MW.
contribute to global warming.
• It does not deplete resources
Every 1 million units of electricity generated by
A wind farm in a wind turbine can offset approximately 350
Huitengxile, Inner tonnes of coal.
Mongolia, consisting
of 72 turbines • It is more cost-effective than other forms of
with a total installed renewable energy
capacity of As wind energy technology matures,
42.7 MW.
construction and operating costs continue to
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