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DRAFT MARCH 2007

135.

WATER SUPPLY SAMPLE DESIGNS 8B.2 CIRCULAR WATER RESERVOIR 5m3


1. OVERVIEW The following document outlines the design 3 calculations for a 5m circular shaped water reservoir suitable for community water supply. The structure has base and roof slabs made from reinforced concrete, with stone masonry (or brick masonry if locally available) walls. The structure is plastered internally with three layers of waterproof mortar. The design has a steel access cover placed centrally over the valve chamber side. Good quality fittings should be used where possible. Where pipes pass through the walls, GI pipes should be used fitted with antipassage rings to the pipes to prevent the path of water filtration along the pipe. Calculations are based on the following design rules 1. An ordinary 1:2:4 concrete mix is not waterproof therefore a richer 1:1.5:3 mixture (with a cement 3 dosage of 380 kg/m ) has been used for floor slab calculations. A standard 1:2:4 concrete mix, 3 with a cement dosage of 320 kg/m , has been used for the roof slab calculation. 2. Base slab thickness is determined using the empirical rule below, with a minimum value of 10cm. Slab Thickness = Shortest Span / 40 3. The base slab is designed for the weight of the structure and water stored pressing downwards and the reaction of the soil pressing upwards. Slab Loading = (Weight of Structure + Water) Slab Area 4. The base slab has been designed with sufficient strength to enable it to span over possible weak patches of the ground. The bending moment is greatest at the center of the slab and has been calculated using.. Maximum BM = (Loading x Span ) / 24 5. The required reinforcement to resist the maximum bending moment has been calculated assuming mild steel grade I ribbed bars with a tensile strength of 1650kg/cm2. The total area of reinforcement required for one meters width of slab has been calculated by.. Area = Maximum Bending Moment (Max. Reinf. Tension x Lever Arm)
2

7. Roof slab thickness is determined using the empirical rule below, with a minimum value of 10cm. Slab Thickness = Shortest Span / 40 8. The roof slab is designed for the weight of the slab structure plus a local access loading of 2 200kg/m (the weight of three people). Loading = (Slab Weight + (200kg/m x Area)) Slab Area 9. In a simply supported slab resting on four walls, the bending moment is greatest at the center of the slab. The maximum bending moment has been calculated using.. Maximum BM = (Loading x Span ) / 8 10. The required reinforcement to resist the maximum bending moment has been calculated assuming mild steel grade I ribbed bars with a 2 max imum tensile strength of 1650kg/cm . The total area of reinforcement required for one meters length of wall has been calculated by.. Total Area = Maximum Bending Moment 2 (1650 kg/cm x Lever Arm) Where the lever arm can be found by the empirical rule Lever Arm = 7/8 x Concrete Slab Thickness 11. Roof reinforcement sizes have been selected on the basis of providing the smallest diameter practicable. Load spreading is provided by the lateral reinforcement members, which have the same area and spacing as the longitudinal reinforcement. 12. Internal plastering consists of three layers using sikalite waterproofing compound (where available) Layer #1: 6mm 1:4 Splatterdash Layer #2: 10mm 1:3 rough finish Layer #3: 10mm 1:2 smooth float 2.0 BILL OF QUANTITIES Item 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Description Local Material Gravel Cement Sand Bricks or Dressed Stone Crushed Rock Foundation Planks (3.0m x 0.2m) Sikalite Compound m m m m
3 2 2

Unit

Qty

Where the lever arm can be found by the empirical rule Lever Arm = 7/8 x Concrete Wall Thickness 6. Base slab reinforcement sizes have been selected on the basis of providing the smallest diameter practicable. Load spreading is provided by the lateral reinforcement members, which have the same area and spacing as the longitudinal reinforcement.

1.4 21 1.6 7.28 2.0 14 16

sack
3 3 3

pc kg

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2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

Ironwork Iron Reinforcement Bars 8mm x 12m Iron Reinforcement Bars 10mm x 12m Tying Wire 1mm Nails 6cm Steel Access Cover 50cm x 50cm Steel Internal Access Ladder Plumbing Float Valve 1 GI Pipe 1 x 6m GI Socket 1 GI Elbow 1 GI Gate Valve Small Filter Mesh Unit 1 TeflonTape pc pc pc pc pc pc roll 1 1 2 1 2 2 4 pc pc kg kg pc pc 8.5 16 8 8 1 1

Sand Gravel

= 0.71 m x 0.45 3 = 0.32 m 3 = 0.71 m x 0.9 3 = 0.64 m = (Slab Weight + (200kg/m x Area)) Slab Area = [(0.71 m x 2500 kg/m ) 3 2 2 + (200 kg/m x 7.1 m )] / 7.1 m 2 = 450 kg/m
3 3 2

Slab Loading

Therefore for a unit meter width of slab with a distributed loading of 450 kg/m, spanning 2.8 m .. Maximum BM = (Loading x Span ) / 8 2 = [450 kg/m x (3.0 m) ] / 8 = 506.3 kg.m = Maximum Bending Moment 2 (1650 kg/cm x Lever Arm)
2

3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7

Total Area Where Lever Arm

= 7/8 x Concrete Slab Thickness = 7/8 x 10 cm = 8.75 cm = 506.3 kg.m / (1650 x 0.0875 m) 2 = 3.5 cm

3.0 JUSTIFYING CALCULATIONS Item Water Depth (m) Interior Width (m) Thickness of Hardcore (m) Width of Apron (m) Wall Thickness (m) Wall Height (m) Freeboard (m) Sludge Depth (m) Table 1: Dimension 1.40 m 2.20 m 0.30 m 0.20 m 0.40 m 1.70 m 0.20 m 0.10 m

Rebar Area (per m width)

Assume 8 mm reinforcement bars available with area 2 0.5 cm Bars per m Width = 3.5 cm / 0.5 cm = 7 bars
2 2

Rebar Spacing = 1 m / 7 bars = every 14 cm Assume that load spreading (longitudinal) reinforcement will also consist of 8mm reinforcement 2 bars spaced every 14 cm. A 1 m area of slab will require the following amount of reinforcement.. Reinforcing Bar = (7 x 1.0 m) x 2 2 = 14 m / m

Table of Tentative Dimensions

3.1 EXCAVATION Excavation = [ x (3.6 m / 2) ] x 0.4 m 3 = 4.1 m = [ x (6.0 m / 2) ] x 0.2 m 3 = 2.0 m


3 2 2

Therefore for the entire roof slab we will require.. Reinforcing Bar = 14 m / m x [ x (3.0 m / 2) ] = 99 m (8.5 bars) = 99 m x 0.38 kg/m = 37.6 kg Tying Wire = 37.6 kg x 5% = 2 kg = [ x (3.0 m / 2) ] / (3.0 m x 0.2 m) = 12 planks
2 2 2

Hardcore

3.2 ROOF SLAB (Dosage 320 kg/m - 1:2:4) Slab Thickness = Shortest Span / 40 = 3.0 m / 40 = 0.07 m (minimum 0.10 m) Slab Concrete = [ x (3.0 m / 2) ] x 0.10 m 3 = 0.71 m 3 3 Cement = 0.71 m x 320 kg/m = 227 kg (4.5 bags)
2

Shuttering

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3.3 BRICK / STONE MASONRY WALLS Wall Volume = [( x 1.5 ) x 1.70 m] 2 - [( x 1.1 ) x 1.70 m] 3 = 5.6 m
3 2

Assume 10 mm reinforcement bars available with 2 area 0.79 cm Longit. Rebar (per m width) Longit. Rebar Spacing = 7.6 cm / 0.79 cm = 9.6 (10 bars) = 1 m / 10 bars = every 10 cm
2 2

Brick/Stone Vol = 5.6 m x 1.3 3 = 7.28 m Mortar Volume = 5.6 m x 0.23 3 = 1.3 m Cement (1:3) Vol of Sand = 1.3 m x 117kg = 152 kg 3 = 1.3 m x 0.243 3 = 0.32 m
3 3 3

Lat. Bar Area = Longitudinal Reinforcement Area 2 (per m length) = 7.6 cm Therefore lateral reinforcement will also consist of 10 x 10 mm reinforcement bars spaced every 10 cm. A 2 1 m area of slab will require the following amount of reinforcement.. Reinforcing Bar = (10 x 1.0 m) x 2 2 = 20 m / m Therefore for the entire floor slab we will require.. Reinforcing Bar = 20 m / m x [ x (3.4 m / 2) ] = 182 m (16 bars) = 182 m x 0.59 kg/m = 107 kg Tying Wire = 107 kg x 5% = 6 kg
2 2

3.4 BASE SLAB (Dosage 380 kg/m - 1:1.5:3) Slab Thickness = Shortest Span / 40 = 3.4 / 40 = 0.085 m (minimum 0.10 m) Slab Concrete = [ x (3.4 m / 2) ] x 0.10 m 3 = 0.9 m Cement Sand Gravel = 0.9 m x 380 kg/m = 342 kg (7 bags) 3 = 0.9 m x 0.42 3 = 0.38 m 3 = 0.9 m x 0.84 3 = 0.76 m
3 3 2

3.5 INTERNAL PLASTERING Plaster Area = [ x 1.1 ] + (2 x 1.1 x 1.7 m) 2 = 15.6 m = 15.6 m x 2.735 kg = 42.7 kg (6mm 1:4) 2 = 15.6m x 0.00766 3 = 0.12 m = 15.6 m x 7.34 kg = 114.5 kg (12mm 1:3) 2 = 15.6 m x 0.01541 3 = 0.24 m = 15.6 m x 9.79 kg = 152.7 kg (12mm 1:2) 2 = 15.6 m x 0.01371 3 = 0.21 m
2 2 2 2

Slab Loading

= (Weight of Structure + Water) Slab Area

Where the total weight of the structure can be found by.. Total Weight = Floor + Roof + Walls + Water 3 3 3 = ((0.76 m + 0.71 m + 5.6 m ) 3 x 2,500 kg / m ) + 5,000 kg = 22,675 kg = 22,675 kg / 9.1 m 2 = 2,492 kg/m
2

Splatterdash Cement Vol. of Sand

Rough Finish Cement Vol. of Sand

Base Loading

Therefore, for a unit meter width of slab with a distributed loading of 2,292 kg/m, spanning 3.4 m .. Maximum BM = (Loading x Span ) / 24 2 = ((2,292 kg/m x (3.4 m) ) / 24 = 1,104 kg.m = Maximum Bending Moment (Max. Reinf. Tension x Lever Arm)
2

Smooth Float Cement Vol. of Sand

Longit. Rebar (per m width) Where Lever Arm

= 7/8 x Concrete Slab Thickness = 7/8 x 10 cm = 8.75 cm = 1,104 kg.m / (1650 x 0.0875 m) 2 = 7.6 cm

Longit. Rebar (per m width)

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