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Paola Gallazzi
2nd TMA Phd School 6th June 2011 Napoli, Italy Bridging the gap between theory and practice in network monitoring and analysis
Summary
1. Scope 2. Internet Performance Analysis KPI analysis on the ISP interconnection links (carriers, NAPs and peerings links) IP Network Performance Analysis KPI analysis on BB&SBB, National and International links IP monitoring using active probes Broadband Fixed Internet QoS Agcom Deliberation 244/08/CSP project
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Paola Gallazzi
2nd TMA Phd School 6th June 2011 Napoli, Italy Bridging the gap between theory and practice in network monitoring and analysis
1.Scope
Goal of this panel is to explain the role of Traffic Monitoring&Analysis in WIND Network. On WIND Data&Internet Network a multitude of services is carried and its important to know the trend of the main defined quality indicators (KPI), not only to reach the placed objectives indicators (KPO) defined with Engineering Team, but also to identify and to suggest actions directed to optimize the performance and to allow Current Planning and Operation & Maintenance Team to plan necessary upgrades to avoid congestion and worsening in performance.
Paola Gallazzi
2nd TMA Phd School 6th June 2011 Napoli, Italy Bridging the gap between theory and practice in network monitoring and analysis
Interconnections to international carriers and peerings connections to national and international ISPs realized through: the SDH transport layer with the Packet Over Sonet interfaces Ten Gigabit Ethernet links, by international GWs WIND POIs: dedicated peering routers International gateways Dedicated gateways for the interconnection to the main Italian NAPs (IXPs)
WIND Network Development-Traffic&Performance
Paola Gallazzi
2nd TMA Phd School 6th June 2011 Napoli, Italy Bridging the gap between theory and practice in network monitoring and analysis
Role of traffic monitoring&analysis: to monitor the state of congestion and the performances on the IP links toward the ISPs. KPI worked out on three different levels of aggregation: a) traffic typology: national or international traffic b) traffic direction: between Wind POPs and ISPs c) international carrier Traffic Indicators :
Max Throughput (Gbps) Utilization Rate (%) Daily peak values of the aggregated throughput averaged separately over working and festive days, both for incoming and outgoing directions; for each typology/direction/carrier Average of the daily utilization rates (ratio between daily peak throughput and aggregated bandwidth), for working and festive days.
Two thresholds on the utilization rate are then set, to point out the congestion level on the network: Yellow Threshold (medium criticity): 70%<=Util Rate<90% Red Threshold (major criticity): Util Rate>=90% Histogram representation of the traffic, both for National and International types, utilization trend and percentage split in the traffic volumes, incoming and outgoing, among the different directions for international and national groups are then worked out.
Paola Gallazzi
2nd TMA Phd School 6th June 2011 Napoli, Italy Bridging the gap between theory and practice in network monitoring and analysis
Paola Gallazzi
2nd TMA Phd School 6th June 2011 Napoli, Italy Bridging the gap between theory and practice in network monitoring and analysis
Role of traffic monitoring&analysis: to monitor the state of congestion and the performances on the IP links. Traffic and Performance Indicators :
IP Link Utilization Rate IP Utilization rate distribution Avg Packet Discard Ratio (PDR) Max Packet Discard Ratio (PDR) Peak Error Rate(PER) Round Trip Delay (RTD) throughput (maximum between input and output) (peak on the 24 hours) / link bandwidth % of IP Link with Utilization Rate within specified ranges. total discarded IP packets/ total transmitted IP packets average of the daily peak values on a specified time total errored IP packets/total transmitted IP packets two-way network latency measured by artificial traffic (ICMP ping with packet length 128 byte), from some edge router of Level 1 PoP toward other edge router (PopToPop RTD) or toward National and International Gateways (PopToGW RTD).
Two thresholds on the utilization rate are then set, to point out the congestion level on the network: Yellow Threshold (medium criticity): 70%<=Util Rate<90% Red Threshold (major criticity): Util Rate>=90% IP Link Utilization Rate is useful to plan necessary upgrades provisioned by Current Planning and carried out by O&M; RTD is useful to understand if a congestion is introducing a worsening in the performance in term of delay; PER gives an idea of transmission problems on the link. Histogram representation of the utilization rate distribution and of RTD and PDR, for the different link typologies are then worked out.
Paola Gallazzi
2nd TMA Phd School 6th June 2011 Napoli, Italy Bridging the gap between theory and practice in network monitoring and analysis
Network cover: from the edge to the external gateways Paths definition: a matrix between the nodes on which different probes operation will be made. Probes configured in order to monitor per class traffic over the same path by the use of the DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) bits in the header of the IP packets. Queuing to prioritize the outgoing traffic on the probing interface implemented to minimize the influence, on the results, of the measurement device itself. Each active probe connected to the relevant routers and switches via different GigabitEthernet or ATM E3 interfaces.
WIND Network Development-Traffic&Performance
Paola Gallazzi
2nd TMA Phd School 6th June 2011 Napoli, Italy Bridging the gap between theory and practice in network monitoring and analysis
Type of measurements worked out: UDP Jitter Operation: response time, one-way delay, per direction jitter, per direction packet loss and connectivity (detection and reporting of out of sequence and corrupted packets). It allows to obtain precision information about network key transport parameters for mission critical and real time traffic applications such as VoIP, video over IP, real time conferencing. The operation is made by generating synthetic UDP traffic from the active probe to a target router and by sending N UDP packets, each of size S, every T ms ICMP Echo Operation: response time, jitter and connectivity. The ICMP Echo operation sends an ICMP echo request packet and waits for the ICMP echo reply from the remote host. DNS Operation: it measures the time needed to resolve a DNS query (either IP or host name) on a specified name server. Operation frequency, probing duration and packet size are defined for each measurement typology, for each type of traffic and per node.
Paola Gallazzi
2nd TMA Phd School 6th June 2011 Napoli, Italy Bridging the gap between theory and practice in network monitoring and analysis
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Paola Gallazzi
2nd TMA Phd School 6th June 2011 Napoli, Italy Bridging the gap between theory and practice in network monitoring and analysis
Client location: Regional Inspectorate for all the providers to obtain comparability of the performances of the different providers. Measurement location similar to the medium final user experience. Clients active in Mestre, Firenze, Cagliari, Bari, Palermo, Ancona and Torino. Monitored Wind services: LLU ADSL2+ flat 8MB download speed service (TuttoIncluso/Absolute) LLU ADSL2+ PPU 1.2MB download speed service (HappyNoLimit/ SuperHappyItaly) The measurements are made between the client and the server locations (IXPs): in this way tests run only on the newtork of the single provider and the Internet has no impact on the performances.
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Paola Gallazzi
2nd TMA Phd School 6th June 2011 Napoli, Italy Bridging the gap between theory and practice in network monitoring and analysis
Monitored QoS parameters (ETSI EG 202 057-4): Data transmission speed for FTP download and upload of test files (10xline profile). Metrics: 5percentile, 95-percentile, mean value, standard deviation Packet Delay (one way transmission time): half the time needed for an ICMP Echo Request/Reply Packet (Ping Command). Metrics: mean value, 95-percentile & standard deviation Packet loss ratio: ratio between the number of not replied ICMP Ping commands to the total number of sent commands. Metrics: mean value Unsuccessful data transmission ratio: ratio of unsuccessful data transmissions to the total number of FTP transmission attempts. Metrics: mean value FTP dw/up measure: 20 subsequent tests temporary decorrelated. The files on the server have a dimension (D) related to the line profile speed (S). The transmission time T(ms) is therefore worked out as the time from the start of the FTP/put command to the receiving of the transfer complete command. The time related to the connection to the server, login, binary mode set up is excluded from the measurement. Data transmission speed (kbps) =D/T excluding from this measure the tests whose transmission time is above Tmax, where Tmax=30xD/S
One way Packet Delay (ms): half of the time between the sending of an ICMP Echo Request message (packet 1024 byte) and the receiving of an ICMP Echo Reply message. Measures (10 subsequent tests) are placed at intervals of 10 seconds one from each other to avoid correlation.
WIND Network Development-Traffic&Performance
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Paola Gallazzi