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rad/s, R
p=1
DSP
USING M ATLAB A PRIL 98
1022 1122 s + 57:338s + 984:84 s + 50:777s + 984:84 11 2 + 41:997s + 984:842 + 31:382s + 984:84ss 11 s2 + 19:395s + 984:84s2 + 6:5606s + 984:84 1 s2 + 61:393s + 984:84
1 s + 31:382 The lter design plots are given in Figure 8.1. 2. Problem P 8.2 Analog Elliptic lowpass lter design: p = 10 rad/s, R M ATLAB Script:
p=1
DSP
USING M ATLAB
LogMagnitude Response
0 0 30 40 Analog frequency in rad/sec 100 100 0 30 40 Analog frequency in rad/sec 100
Phase Response
0 0.1
Impulse Response
Phase in pi units 0.05 3.47 4.89 ha(t) 0 0 30 40 Analog frequency in rad/sec 100 0.05 0 0.5 1 t (sec) 1.5 2
DSP
USING M ATLAB A PRIL 98
The system function is given by Ha (s) = 46978s4 + 220:07s2 + 2298:5 s5 + 9:23s4 + 184:71s3 + 1129:2s2 + 7881:3s + 22985
:
The lter design plots are given in Figure 8.2. Analog Elliptic Lowpass Filter Design Plots in P 8.2
Magnitude Response
1 0.89 logMagnitude in dB Magnitude 0 40 0 0
LogMagnitude Response
Phase Response
0 3 2 ha(t) 1.26 1.64 1 0 1 2
Impulse Response
Figure 8.2: Analog Elliptic Lowpass Filter Design Plots in P 8.2 3. Problem P 8.3
DSP
USING M ATLAB
115 The lter passband must include the 100 Hz component while the stopband must include the 130 Hz component. To obtain a minimum-order lter, the transition band must be as large as possible. This means that the passaband cutoff must be at 100 Hz while the stopband cutoff must be at 130 Hz. Hence the analog Chebyshev-I lowpass lter specications are: p = 2 (100) rad/s, R p = 2 dB, s = 2 (130) rad/s, As = 50 dB. M ATLAB Script:
DSP
USING M ATLAB A PRIL 98
1 1 s2 + 142:45s + 51926 s2 + 75:794s + 301830 The magnitude response plots are given in Figure 8.3. 1 s2 + 116:12s + 168860 11 2 + 26:323s + 388620ss + 75:794
LogMagnitude Response
0 Decibels 50 100 0 100130 Analog frequency in Hz 200
Figure 8.3: Analog Chebyshev-I Lowpass Filter Plots in Problem P 8.3 4. Problem P 8.4 Analog Chebyshev-II lowpass lter design: p = 2 (250) rad/s, R p = 0:5 dB, s = 2 (300) rad/s, As = 45 dB. M ATLAB Script:
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USING M ATLAB
117
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USING M ATLAB A PRIL 98
The lter design plots are given in Figure 8.4. Digital Butterworth Filter Design Plots in P 8.7
LogMagnitude Response
0 Decibel 50 0 0.4 Frequency in Hz 0.6 1
Impulse Response
0.1 ha(t) 0 0.1 0 10 20 30 40 5060 time in seconds 70 80 90 100
Figure 8.4: Analog Chebyshev-II Lowpass Filter Plots in Problem P 8.4 5. Problem P 8.5 M ATLAB function ad f . 6. Problem P 8.6
DSP
USING M ATLAB
119 Digital Chebyshev-1 Lowpass Filter Design using Impulse Invariance. M ATLAB script: (a) Part (a): T = 1. M ATLAB script: The lter design plots are shown in Figure 8.5. (b) Part (b): T = 1=8000. M ATLAB script:
DSP
USING M ATLAB A PRIL 98
Impulse Response
Figure 8.5: Impulse Invariance Design Method with T =1 in Problem P 8.6a The lter design plots are shown in Figure 8.6. (c) Comparison: The designed system function as well as the impulse response in part 6b are similar to those in part 6a except for an overall gain due to Fs = 1=T = 8000. This problem can be avoided if in the impulse invariance design method we set h (n) = T ha (nT ) 7. Problem P 8.7 Digital Butterworth Lowpass Filter Design using Impulse Invariance. MATLAB script:
DSP
USING M ATLAB
Figure 8.6: Impulse Invariance Design Method with T = 1=8000 in Problem P 8.6b The lter design plots are shown in Figure 8.7. Comparison: From Figure 8.7 we observe that the impulse response h (n) of the digital lter is a sampled version of the impulse response ha (t ) of the analog proptotype lter as expected.
DSP
USING M ATLAB A PRIL 98
Impulse Response
0.1 ha(t) 0 0.1 0 10 20 30 40 5060 time in seconds 70 80 90 100
Figure 8.7: Impulse Invariance Design Method with T =2 in Problem P 8.7 8. M ATLAB function d l
DSP
USING M ATLAB
DSP
USING M ATLAB A PRIL 98
The lter design plots are given in Figure 8.8. Digital Butterworth Filter Design Plots in P 8.8
LogMagnitude Response
0 Decibel 50 0 0.40.6 Frequency in pi units 1 0.5 |H| 0.0 0 0.40.6 Frequency in pi units 1
Magnitude Response
Figure 8.8: Digital lter design plots in Problem P8.8. 9. Problem P 8.11 Digital Butterworth Lowpass Filter Design using Bilinear transformation. M ATLAB script: (a) Part(a): T = 2. M ATLAB script:
DSP
USING M ATLAB
125 The lter design plots are shown in Figure 8.9. Comparison: If we compare lter orders from two methods then bilinear transformation gives the lower order than the impulse invariance method. This implies that the bilinear transformation design method is a better one in all aspects. If we compare the impulse responses then we observe from Figure 8.9 that the digital impulse response is not a sampled version of the analog impulse response as was the case in Figure 8.7. (b) Part (b): Use of the bt function. M ATLAB script: u t
DSP
USING M ATLAB A PRIL 98
Impulse Response
0.2 ha(t) 0 0.2 0 10 20 30 40 5060 time in seconds 70 80 90 100
Figure 8.9: Bilinear Transformation Design Method with T =2 in Problem P 8.11a The lter design plots are shown in Figure 8.10. Comparison: If we compare the plots of lter responses in part 9a with those in part 9b, then we observe that the function satises stopband specications exactly at s . Otherwise the both designs are essentially similar. bt u t r e 10. Problem P 8.13 Digital Chebyshev-1 Lowpass Filter Design using Bilinear transformation. M ATLAB script:
DSP
USING M ATLAB
Impulse Response
0.2 h(n) 0 0.2 0 5 10 15 20 25 n 30 35 40 45 50
Figure 8.10: Butterworth lter design using the bt function in Problem P 8.11b u t = 1. (a) Part(a): T M ATLAB script: (b) Part(b): T = 1=8000. The lter design plots are shown in Figure 8.11. M ATLAB script:
DSP
USING M ATLAB A PRIL 98
Impulse Response
Figure 8.11: Bilinear Transformation Design Method with T =1 in Problem P 8.13a The lter design plots are shown in Figure 8.12. (c) Comparison: If we compare the designed system function as well as the plots of system responses in part 10a and in part 10a, then we observe that these are exactly same. If we compare the impulse invariance design in Problem 6 with this one then we note that the order of the impulse invariance designed lter is one higher. This implies that the bilinear transformation design method is a better one in all aspects. 11. Digital lowpass lter design using elliptic prototype. M ATLAB script using the b function: i
DSP
USING M ATLAB
Impulse Response
Figure 8.12: Bilinear Transformation Design Method with T = 1=8000 in Problem P 8.13b
DSP
USING M ATLAB A PRIL 98
The lter design plots are shown in Figure 8.13. Digital Elliptic Filter Design Plots in P 8.14a
LogMagnitude Response
0 Decibel 60 80 0 0.4 Frequency in Hz 0.6 1 0.2 ha(t) 0 0.2 0 10 20 30 40 5060 time in seconds 70 80 90 100
Impulse Response
Figure 8.13: Digital elliptic lowpass lter design using the bilinear function in Problem P8.14a. M ATLAB script using the el function: l i
DSP
USING M ATLAB
131 The lter design plots are shown in Figure 8.14. From these two gures we observe that both functions give the same design in which the digital lter impulse response is not a sampled version of the corresponding analog lter impulse response. Digital Elliptic Filter Design Plots in P 8.14b
LogMagnitude Response
0 Decibel 60 80 0 0.4 Frequency in Hz 0.6 1 0.2 h(n) 0 0.2 0 5 10 15 20 25 n 30 35 40 45 50
Impulse Response
Figure 8.14: Digital elliptic lowpass lter design using the ellip function in Problem P8.14b. 12. Digital elliptic highpass lter design using bilinear mapping. M ATLAB function d h
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USING M ATLAB A PRIL 98
DSP
USING M ATLAB
133 The lter frequency response plot is shown in the top row of Figure 8.15. (b) Design using the el function: l i The lter frequency response plot is shown in the bottom row of Figure 8.15. Both M ATLAB scripts and the Figure 8.15 indicate that we designed essentially the same lter. 13. Digital Chebyshev-2 bandpass lter design using bilinear transformation. M ATLAB script:
DSP
USING M ATLAB A PRIL 98
Figure 8.15: Digital elliptic highpass lter design plots in Problem 8.17. The lter impulse and log-magnitude response plots are shown in Figure 8.16.
DSP
USING M ATLAB
LogMagnitude Response
0 Decibel 50 70 0 0.3 0.40.50.6 Frequency in pi units 1
Figure 8.16: Digital Chebyshev-2 bandpass lter design plots in Problem P8.19.