ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS

MODUL PROGRAM IBNU SINA

MODULE 12 LINEAR LAW

Terbitan :YAYASAN PELAJARAN JOHOR JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI JOHOR

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MODULE 12 IBNU SINA TOPIC : LINEAR LAW

Express Note : Straight line gradient Equation of a straight line y = mx + c, plotting coordinate 1. Lines of best fit a. All plotted points should lie as close as possible to the line b. The line should pass through as many points as possible c The number of points above and below the line should be about the same and at about the same distance from the line. 2. Equation of line of best fit PAPER 1 1. Reduce the non-linear equation y = axb, to the linear form, where a and b are constants. 2. 3. Express the non-linear equation y = h x + Given that variables x and y are related by 3. Apply linear law to non-linear equation a. Reduce non linear relations to a linear form , Y = mX + c b. Determine values of constants of non linear relations given i. lines of best fit ii. data c. Obtains information from i. lines of best fit ii. equations of linear of best fit

k x

, in the form of Y = mX + C

y = ax 3 +

b with a and b are constants. x

Explain how to draw a straight line to determine the values of a and b 4. The graph shows a graph of yx (0,8)

1 yx against . Express y in terms of x. x

0 5. Given that log 10 v = pu 2 + q. Find the values of p and q

(5,0)

1 x

log 10 v (5, 7) Page 2 (2, 3) 0 u2

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LINEAR LAW FORM5

6. Given that y =

2 . p x2 + q

(9, 5)

Find the values of p and q.

1 y
x2

(3, 2) 0

7. Given that

y + ax3 + bx2 = 0 . 3

y
(2, 8)

Find the values of a and b.

x2
(8, 2) x

O 8. Figure shows parts of the graph obtained by plotting y against x . Express y as a function of x (-5,8)

log10 y
(2,4)
9. Figure below shows a straight line graph log10x = 6, find the value of y

x
(4,0)

(-2,2) of log10 y against log10x. Given that 0 PROGRAM IBNU SINA 2010(ALL As) Page 3

log10 x

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PAPER 2 1

The table 1 below shows the values of two variables, x and y. It is known that x and y are related by the equation py + qx 2 = 4x where p constants. x y 1 3.5 2 10 4 32 Table 1 5 47.5 6 66 7 87.5 and q are

(a) Plot

y against x , using a scale of 2 cm to 1 unit on the x-axis, and 2 cm to 2 x y axis. Hence, draw the line of best fit. x

units on the

(b) From your graph, find the values of p and q. The table 2 below shows the values of two variables, x and y obtained from an experiment. The variables are related by the equation ay = bx + 5 x , where a and b are constants.

x y

1 8

2 12.49 Table 2

3 16.39

5 23.42

7 29.87

(a) Explain how a straight line may be drawn to represent the given equation. (b) Plot the graph from equation (a) and estimate the values of a and b. 3 (c) Find the value of y when x = 25. Table 3 shows the values of two variables, v and u, obtained from an experiment. It is known that v and u are related by the equation, u = pk v , where p and k are constants. v u 2 3.16 4 5.50 6 9.12 Table 3 (a) Plot log10 u against v by using a scale of 2 cm to 2 units on the v-axis and 2 cm to 0.2 unit on the log10 u -axis. Hence, draw the line of best fit. (b) From the graph, find the values of (i) p (ii) k (c) Find the values of u when v = 7.5 Table 4 shows the values of two variables, x and y, obtained from an experiment. 4 8 16.22 10 28.84 12 46.77

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Variables, x and y, are related by the equation y = 2kx2 + constants. x y 2 8 3 13.2 4 20 Table 4 (a) Plot 5 27.5 6 36.6 7 45.5

p x , where p and k are k

y against x by using a scale of 2 cm to 1 unit on both axes. Hence, x

draw the line of best fit. (b) Use your graph in (a) to find the value of (i) (ii) p k

y when x = 1.2 (SPM 2007/paper 2/section B/no : 7) Table 5 shows the values of two variables, x and y, obtained from an experiment. 5 Variables x and y are related by the equation y = pk x +1 , where p and k are constants. x y 1 4.0 2 5.7 3 8.7 Table 5 (a) Plot log y against ( x + 1) by using a scale of 2 cm to 1 unit on the ( x + 1) axis and 2 cm to 0.2 unit on the log y axis. Hence, draw the line of best fit. (b) Use the graph from (a) to find value of (i) p 4 13.2 5 20.0 6 28.8

(iii)

(ii) k
7)

(SPM 2006/paper 2/section B/no :

END OF MODULE 12

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MODULE 12 - ANSWERS TOPIC : LINEAR LAW

PAPER 1 1. 2. 7 3. m = a, c = b @ m=b,c=a 4. 8

lg y = b lg x + lg a

p = 1, q = 1

1 10 a = ,b = 3 3 y= 8 x + 32 9

8 1 y= 2 5 x

8 + x

y = 10 6

5.

1 4 q= ,p= 3 3

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PAPER 2

Question no 1.

1 3.5

2 5

4 8

5 9.5

6 11

7 12.5

y x

y x

14

12

10

( 5 , 9.5 )

( 3 , 6.5 )

0
py + q x 2 = 4x

1
py = - q x 2 + 4x

2
Y=

3
y x

4
X= x

5
m=-

6
q p
c=

7
4 p
0.38 4.27

4x qx 2 y = + 1 px x px x qx 4y y 8 = + p px x ay = bx + 5 x

y x

1 4 0.71 c = = 2

0.58q (9.50.455) 6. m==

(5 3)

p = 26.25

q 5.46 = - 1.5 4.68 - 3 (2)=

y b 1 c.) x5= 25 + 5 = PROGRAM IBNU SINA 2010(ALL As) a c = = 2 1 x a x 1 a = = 0.2, y 1 x 5 ( 0.8 , 6.8 ) a = 2.5 0.2 X = 0.4ym 3.2 b 0.6 c = 0.8 ( 0.4 = 4.4 ) , 25 1.0 10Y= 2 4 6 3 5 = a a x x

m=

( 6 .8 4 .4 ) b = Page 8 ( 0 .8 0 .4 ) a q = 61 (2.5)
= 15

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Question no 3.

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lg u 1.7 1.6

v lg u 2 0.5 4 0.74 6 0.96 8 1.21

10 1.46

12 1.67

1.4
( 8 , 1.21 ) c.) From graph v = 7.5, lg u = 1.16 u = 14.45

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

( 2.6 , 0.6 )

0.4

0.2

8
Y = lg u

10
X=v

12
m = lg k

u = pkv lg u = lg p k v = vlg k + lg p

c = lg p = 0.3 p = 2.0

(1.21 0.6) m = lg k = (8 2.6)

k = 1.3

c = lg p

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LINEAR LAW FORM5 Question no 4.

x 2 4 3 4.4 4 5 5 5.5 6 6.1 7 6.5

y x

y x

(6,6)

( 3 , 4.5 )

iii.) when x = 1.2, y from graph, = 3.6 x y = 3.6(1.2) y = 4.32

1
y = 2kx 2 + y p = 2kx + x k p x k

2
Y=

3
y x

4
X= x

5
m = 2k

6
c=

7
p k

c =

p = 3 0.25
p = 0.75

m = 2k =

(6 4.5) (6 3) 0.5 k = = 0.25 2

lg y

Question no 5.
Y = lg y X = x +1 2 3 PROGRAM lg p + (x+1)lg2010(ALL= 1.2, +1 lgxy = IBNU SINA c.) when x As) c = 4 p = 0.25 5 k lg 0.602 0.756 1.120 lg y from graph, x +0.940 1 = 2.2 lg y = (x+1)lgk + lg p 1 2 ( 2 , 0.6 ) lg y = 0.64p =5 3 4 1.778 ( m = lg k c = lg p (1Page.6) .2 70 11 6 m = lg k = 1.301 1.460 (5.5 2) x+1 5.5 , 1.2 k 7= 1.484 6 )

0 0.2 1.6 0.4 0.8 1.2 0.6 1.0 1.4

y = 4.37

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