UNIT 2 Citizenship in society.

Coexistence and Values

Introduction In Anger: Tiananmen Square Contents: 1. Keys to Creating our Citizenship 2. Organising Citizens: Institutions and Participation 3. A Royal Family 4. Out into the World, Loaded with Values The Issue in the Press: Citizen Scout Lets Go to the Cinema: In America Looking Through Images: Capturing Society. Botero and Zuloaga The World of Literature: Fuenteovejuna Final and Summary Activities Find Out and Take Part

Lets Work
The definition, meaning and construction of citizenship The need to participate in social life The values and rules that form part of social life and their uses. The social and cultural (artistic) expressions of the citizens commitment.

Education for Citizenship and Human Rights. Unit 2

Introduction
In order to be aware of what is at stake when talking about citizenship, it is important to know the origin of this word. We use the term citizenship in order to describe the condition of being a citizen, that is, the person who lives with other people and shares common spaces with them. Although its etymological origin relates this word to civitas (city), it is not applied to the people who live in a city in order to differentiate them from the ones who live outside of the city - in the country, or outside of the city. We are not describing a geographical space, rather an ethical, political and cultural one, a space where rights, obligations and values are found. This is a common space among human beings, a very special biological species that has always been described as an intermediate species between animals and gods throughout the history of civilisation. This intermediate condition turns the human being into a vulnerable and dependent animal and that is why we can say that man is a social animal. In order to satisfy his necessities, the human being depends on others; he is not fulfilled by himself alone. This idea becomes even clearer if we have a look through the first and the last years of human life. Necessities are fulfilled through actions. For instance, the need to eat makes us look for food, we work in order to get it, we learn how to prepare it in a healthy way or even organise the day according to the different meals. Life in the ethical, political and cultural space that we call citizenship is not a result of the sum of actions carried out by all the individuals who want to satisfy their needs. Not everyone does everything at the same time. Rather than a sum of actions, society is an interaction of actions whose aim is to fulfil common needs. This interaction has been described using many metaphors: a mosaic, a puzzle, a net, an organism, a machine, etc. In every case there is always productive interaction between two important elements: person and community, fraction and totality, individual and city. The ethical, political and cultural space is a result of that interaction. For instance, the values, rules and symbols that rule the different spaces where our daily life is developed family, neighbourhood, school, friends come as a result of interaction, that is, actions from people who count on others. This counting on others is the basis of citizenship. The following could be the formula for coexistence: Coexistence = feeling + arguing + acting From this interaction, society is born as a space where some people count on others. However, citizenship exists when we count on others in order to coexist. Citizenship describes a project of coexistence because there is a common life plan that is not just limited by biological survival (surviving on other species) neither by plain zoological coexistence (the coexistence of other species). There is a plan of coexistence where the coordination of goals, aims and means is established. In other words, coexistence exists when we count on others when feeling, arguing and acting.

Education for Citizenship and Human Rights. Unit 2

In Anger: Tiananmen Square

Protests took place at Tiananmen Square between the middle of April and early June of 1989. The incidents consisted of a series A student facing the tanks at Tian'anmen of demonstrations led by the students of The Square Peoples Republic of China. During the demonstrations discontent with many sectors was expressed: the repressive nature of the government was criticised as well as economic reforms against workers. The government did not know how to face the riots and decided to resort to force, ruling out peaceful measures and dialogue. On May 20, the government decreed martial law and during the night of the 3rd of June, some tanks were sent to Tiananmen Square in order to break up the demonstration. Estimates of casualties vary: the Chinese Red Cross estimated about 2600 deaths; the amount of injured people was estimated at between 7,000 and 10,000. After the violence, the government made many arrests in order to eliminate the ones who had started the movement, the foreign press was expelled and news coverage by the Chinese press was highly controlled. The cruel repression of Tiananmen Square provoked international condemnation of the conduct of the government of The Peoples Republic of China.
Un testimonio Una estudiante de psicologa Chai Ling, cuenta lo ocurrido en esas horas trgicas: La situacin empeor entre 8 y 10 p.m. del 3 de junio y el Cuartel General llam a una conferencia de prensa para informar a los periodistas de los hechos que estaban teniendo lugar (...). La tensin creca. Nos informaban que la sangre corra en la calle Changan, los soldados empleaban tanques, bayonetas y gases lacrimgenos. Disparaban a la gente. Los cuerpos estaban amontonados en la calle Changan con sangre sobre sus pechos. Los estudiantes comenzaron a llegar a la plaza con sangre en las manos, pechos y piernas. Despus de las 10 p.m. del 3 de junio, el Cuartel General pidi calma (...). Los estudiantes nos sentamos en la plaza a esperar ser sacrificados. En este momento, desde los altavoces de alrededor del Cuartel General, se oa la cancin El heredero del Dragn. (...) La primera lnea era la ms firme y los que iban detrs pensaban mantenerse en silencio aun cuando la primera lnea de estudiantes fuera atacada y asesinada (...) Los estudiantes cantaban La Internacional y fueron a negociar con el ejrcito pidiendo que les permitiera retirarse pacficamente, pero antes de conseguirlo los soldados se precipitaron con sus bayonetas hacia el monumento empezando a disparar (...) Los estudiantes comenzaron a retirarse, algunos pensaban que las tropas slo les arrestaran, pero los tanques comenzaron a pasar sobre los estudiantes que dorman en tiendas de campaa. Posteriormente, las tropas rociaban con gasolina los cuerpos convirtindolos en antorchas (...). Los estudiantes queramos regresar a la plaza para protestar por tal brutalidad, pero los ciudadanos nos persuadieron de ello (...) Cuando regresamos a la Universidad de Pekn supimos que a las 10 p.m. del 3 de junio, el primer comunista, Li Peng, haba dado tres rdenes: 1) las fuerzas armadas abriran fuego en la parte superior de la plaza rpidamente; 2) las tropas deberan limpiar la plaza al alba, y 3) deberan detener a los lideres estudiantiles y matarlos sin dilacin. Tomado de: http://www.historiasiglo20.org/TEXT/tiananmen1989.htm

ACTIVITIES: 1. Look for some information about Tiananmen Square and the Chinese political system. 2. Why do you think the students were the first ones to protest against the Chinese Government? 3. Read the Chinese student's testimony carefully. Write down the expressions where violence is clearly present. 4. Imagine you are working for a newspaper and you want to condemn this massacre. What headline would you use? 5. Look at the picture above. Describe it and comment on it briefly. 6. In this situation for the Chinese people, for Chinese students, how would you describe a good citizen?

Education for Citizenship and Human Rights. Unit 2

Contents
1. Keys to Creating Our Citizenship In the same way that none of us were born knowing what physics or chemistry were, so none of us were born knowing how to coexist. Coexistence requires a learning period and that is why we say that citizenship requires learning. It is not a matter of learning values, rules or symbols, but learning how to count on others within that common space. There are a couple of key elements that could help us to build this citizenship. Learning to differentiate between the groups we belong to and fit into. Social Philosophy has always differentiated between primary and secondary groups. For the first group, they use the word community and for the second one they use the word association. The table below could help us to specify the meaning: Primary Groups Community Based on natural links, on shared feelings. Secondary Groups Association Based on interest and rational calculation

The relationship is spontaneous and personal, The relationship is impersonal and formal, based on values based on rules, regulations and laws Family, Clan, Tribe, etc. Schools, Companies, Hospital, etc.

Citizenship cannot be built without the primary groups conviction and the secondary groups cooperation. Second key element: We should know the history of values, rules and symbols. The interaction that makes citizenship possible is the result of a coexistence produced throughout time. The history of the idea of citizenship can teach us that there is always some tension among natural and artificial elements. For example, our parents nationality, the place where we were born or the institutions we have been integrated into without being asked our opinion (our name, the registry, childhood habits). They are all natural elements in conflict and interaction with our will or personal life plan. In that way, citizenship in the ancient world was more focused on citizenships natural condition than on consent. Meanwhile, consent, meaning peoples free will, is the most important thing in the modern world. Even if we are born in a certain country and have the legal condition of belonging to that country, we may not identify ourselves with that country and want to change citizenship because we are not convinced by its values, rules or symbols.
ACTIVITIES: 1. Search for some everyday expressions containing the words listed below and classify them depending on their relationship with citizens. Urbanity, from Latin urbanitas,-atis, it means courteousness, courtesy, attention and good manners. Civility, from Latin civilitas, -atis, it means sociability and urbanity. Civic-mindedness, a term originating in France that has two meanings, (1) zeal for one's homeland, institutions and interests, (2) respect by the citizen of the rules of public coexistence. Manners, term with different meanings (1) The way something is executed or occurred; (2) Someones bearing and manners, (3) Skill, ability, cunning; (4) Peoples quality or class. Legality, (1) Prescribed by law and in line with it, 2. adj. Belonging or related to law. 3. adj. True, precise, loyal and straight when carrying out one's positions functions.4. adj. Loyal or formal in one's behaviour. Rough: Rude, unpolished, uncultured, without doctrine or teaching.

Education for Citizenship and Human Rights. Unit 2

2. Organising Citizens: Institutions and Participation

Social Rules: From Interaction to Institution Social interaction is not produced spontaneously, rather it happens in a culturally and socially regulated way. This regulation is complex and fills the ethical, political and cultural space with rules, regulations, symbols and values. In the same way that we need to learn the traffic rules if we want to drive a car, we also have to learn citizenship's rules if we want to drive through it. Not all of the rules are the same nor are they equally important. Rules do not appear by magic, rather they are the result of repeated interaction that has been recognised. When this happens, interaction creates an institution. For instance, if someone has a specified skill and it is recognised by others, the rest of society accepts that that person deals with that task and accepts him as having that function or playing that role. Sports are a good example, because there are some rules whose existence we have to accept in order to count on others. Without those rules, sports would not have any sense or value. Through sports we check that rules constitute the activity of playing: chess, football, basketball, etc. The game is based on the players participation and skills, but also on the rules they are submitted to. It also happens in society: there is no game (citizenship) if there are no players (citizens); and at the same time there is no coexistence (participation) if there are no games (social institutions). Socialisation, Participation and Representation The process through which people are integrated into a society is called socialisation. Through the citizenship terms of social, political and cultural life, social integration is a process through which we learn roles or functions in which the rules of citizenship are visible. Let's use the theatre metaphor to better understand it. Social life is like a play where there are some roles. The people playing the roles are no longer individuals, they are characters. The plot stops being a written script and becomes action. The distribution of time and the knowledge of roles generate a series of rules that everybody has to respect for the play to be successful. If the actors do not play the role they have been assigned, they will not be integrated and the play might fail. If the people who make up society only think about themselves while coexisting with others, social disintegration will take place and we will find socials atoms instead of citizens. Primary socialisation has its origin in the family and that is why family life is the first common social space through which we access the group of social institutions. The first time citizenship is learned happens in the family and it will be developed through other experiences in educational, professional, religious, cultural and political institutions. For integration to be complete, people have to learn to participate. If there is no participation, there will be no integration. There are spaces in social life where integration is only possible thanks to direct participation by those affected. There are also spaces where participation is carried out by representatives.
Types and dimensions of Citizenship Political Social Economical Civic Intercultural Membership, participation and integration into the different spheres of human life Political Related to political institutions such as parties, unions and proxies Related to social institutions such as neighbourhood, educational and health associations. Related to economic institutions such as companies, the stock market and consumption. Related to civic institutions such as trade associations, maritime guilds or professions. Related to cultural, recreational, charitable and religious traditions.

Education for Citizenship and Human Rights. Unit 2

3. A Royal Family There are many examples of family that we can come up with. A good example, well known by everyone would be the Spanish Royal Family. The Spanish Royal Family is very important, but it is formed like most families: a generation, values (love, devotion, etc...), dedications, activities, etc.

CONSTITUCIN ESPAOLA Artculo 56. 1. El Rey es el Jefe del Estado, smbolo de su unidad y permanencia, arbitra y modera el funcionamiento regular de las instituciones, asume la ms alta representacin del Estado Espaol en las relaciones internacionales, especialmente con las naciones de su comunidad histrica, y ejerce las funciones que le atribuyen expresamente la Constitucin y las Leyes. 2. Su ttulo es el de Rey de Espaa y podr utilizar los dems que correspondan a la Corona.

ACTIVITIES: 1. Visit the webpage of the Spanish Royal Household and make a table containing all the members of the Royal Household. Describe them briefly, add some information and, above all, find out what kind of work they have been assigned (their occupations). 2. Your family is another example, the one you have closest. Make a table the more complete, the better containing, as with the Royal one, all its members. They also deserve a description and write down their occupations (what kind of work, what they studied...)

Education for Citizenship and Human Rights. Unit 2

4. Out into the World, Loaded with Values As we are seeing, human life is a relationship, and human relationships are not moved just by biological and physical forces, but also by values. A value is a thing we appreciate, an important thing for us, the reason why we do things. Values are usually expressed with abstract words such as solidarity, freedom, comradeship, but they are fed by concrete actions, by little actions that give them meaning. Values mark our relationships with others and with ourselves. Carefully look at the table of values below. These values are reflected in attitudes and actions that we all can adopt.

ACTIVITIES:

1. Here you have a list of values. You can surely think of some more. Focus on the values related to family, friends and neighbours. Complete the following table in your notebook (adding some more values):
DEFINITION (dictionary) I THINK IT IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE AN ACTION WHERE IT IS PRESENT,and that I can undertake IS

VALUES respect sincerity

Education for Citizenship and Human Rights. Unit 2

This Issue in the Press: A hundred years of Scout Citizen

Haciendo gala de su pasado disciplinado y aventurero, el 1 de Agosto de 1907 el general Robert Baden-Powell tuvo la feliz idea de hacer sonar su legendario cuerno kudu en la isla de Brownsea a las 8 de la maana. Con ello quedaba inaugurado el primer campamento scout que unos das antes haba organizado en esta pequea isla situada junto al puerto de Pool, al sur de Inglaterra. Se iniciaba as la historia del escultismo, toda una filosofa del tiempo libre, de la educacin informal y de la participacin ciudadana basada en la formacin integral de nios y jvenes como exploradores (scouts). Para los grupos scouts que estn de campamentos, el 1 de Agosto ha sido un da especial porque se han unido a la cadena de grupos que en todo el mundo ha celebrado el Centenario en una actividad llamada Amanecer Scout. Aunque ha sido propuesta por los organizadores del XXI Campamento mundial que se celebra cada cuatro aos y recibe el nombre de Jamboree (nombre que Baden Powell dio al primer campamento internacional de 1920 y que en Swahili significa Hola), todos los grupos se han sumado a esta iniciativa. Fue sencilla. Los grupos se desplazaron a una montaa o un lugar simblico donde ven nacer el da y renuevan la promesa scout. Aunque el nmero de participantes valencianos en el Jamboree 2007 que se ha celebrado de nuevo en el Reino Unido no ha sido tan numeroso como otros aos, el compromiso del Movimiento Scout Catlico de la Comunidad Valenciana en la conmemoracin del aniversario ha sido masivo y significativo. Desde los grupos instalados en la Valldigna, hasta los grupos perdidos en Gredos, Montes Universales o Pirineos, todos han celebrado el centenario no slo haciendo memoria de su momento fundacional sino proyectando en el tiempo sus expectativas de futuro. () Los millones de jvenes que mantienen viva la promesa scout y los ms de 5000 inscritos en la Federacin de escultuismo de la Comunidad Valenciana son una prueba de que se trata de una organizacin ms valiosa, plural y abierta de lo que piensan sus detractores. Mientras que los progres desprecian la cultura de milicia, la uniformidad y la centralidad de las oraciones en los actos con los que se inicia y culmina el da, los ms reaccionarios desprecian su proximidad con la naturaleza, el valor de la fraternidad y la voluntad permanente de superacin y servicio. Los centenarios son ocasiones importantes para incidir en lo fundamental y prescindir de lo accesorio. Lo fundamental sigue siendo la constelacin de valores que se promueven en el proyecto educativo del escultismo. Lo accesorio es todo aquello que han introducido quienes lo han querido instrumentalizar poltica, econmica o sectariamente. El proyecto educativo del escultismo no pertenece al pasado, est preado de elementos que lo mantienen vivo y que sus lderes actuales deben mantener despiertos. Sabemos que hay dos amenazas importantes: las modas culturales y las presiones de los grupos nacionalistas. La primera puede reducir el escultismo a un simple movimiento social neoprogre similar al pacifismo, al ecologismo, al feminismo. La segunda lo puede convertir en semillero de cuadros polticos y sindicales para conseguir a travs de parroquias o colegios lo que no se consigue en otros espacios pblicos. () deberamos fijarnos en los hbitos de ciudadana que se transmiten en la educacin no formal, es decir aquellos hbitos que adquieren nuestros hijos en la msica, la noche, la televisin o la calle. Como alternativa a ellos, comprobaramos que el xito de Baden Powell al volcarse en la naturaleza, el tiempo libre y la participacin como ejes de esta educacin informal no estaba slo en la confianza que tena en los jvenes y el amor a la vida como servicio, estaba en un proyecto cvico animado por la figura del explorador. Una figura de la vida como misin, sacrificio y misterio, pero tambin una elegante metfora de la aventura, la alegra y la ilusin A. DOMINGO MORATALLA, Las Provincias, domingo 5 de Agosto de 2007 ACTIVITIES: 1. Look up the words you do not understand. 2. Draw up an outline of the argument: presentation, essential ideas and conclusion. 3. According to the article, what are the contributions of the scout movement to citizenship?

Education for Citizenship and Human Rights. Unit 2

Lets go to the Cinema: In America

There are many films in the cinema about family and family relationships. Films can show us the best and the worst elements of this institution. Sometimes these films stress senseless despair and other times they display empty sentimentality. At other times films deal with the reality of family life, and they do it well, with realism and great optimism. That is what happens in the film In America, by J. Sheridan. ORIGINAL TITLE In America YEAR 2002 RUNTIME 103 min. COUNTRY Ireland DIRECTOR Jim Sheridan WRITERS Jim Sheridan, Kirsten Sheridan, Naomi Sheridan MUSIC Gavin Friday & Maurice Seezer CINEMATOGRAPHY Declan Quinn CAST Samantha Morton, Paddy Considine, Djimon Hounsou, Sarah Bolger, Emma Bolger PRODUCER Co production Ireland-UK; Hell's Kitchen Films

WHAT IS IT ABOUT? Johnny, a man with no money, moves to a New York building with his wife Sarah. Some very different people live in that building. He will have to make a livelihood in tough conditions. America is not the place where "the American dream" or an easy life can be achieved for these immigrants. Rather they think that it is a place full of danger for them and their daughters. However, their daughters think that it is a magical place where everything can be solved and what could be interpreted as a crisis can soon become a reason for them to keep on believing.

IT MAKES US WONDER ABOUT: - The values that govern, direct and give meaning to human life. - The chance of still hoping and believing. - The nature of the world of childhood - Family and life in a positive tone despite the hardships. - Immigration, its problems and solutions. - Friendship, the mysterious and surprising side of human beings. - Transcendence: going beyond daily things.

THINK - Imagine your parents have to change city, or even country. How would you react? What would you think? What kind of attitude would you take? What would be the right attitude? - Which values should direct family life? Why? Do you think it usually happens that way? - How can it be possible that children or teenagers to manage to get through difficult situations more easily than adults? How does it happen in the film?

Education for Citizenship and Human Rights. Unit 2

Looking Through Images: Capturing Society

Sometimes, art and paintings not only capture the inner world, but also the external one. They have managed to capture values, habits and attitudes easily classified as basic for radical citizenship, like a mother's devotion or the peaceful life of some citizens who are committed to their daily tasks. Boteros Expressionism and the reflection of local customs (known in Spanish as Costumbrismo) are a good example of this. FERNANDO BOTERO (1932-) is a Colombian painter, sculptor and artist who is very well known all over the world. He is considered to be one of the greatest contemporary LatinAmerican creators.
Look for Some Facts - Extend Fernando Boteros biography. - Where can we find the sculpture titled Motherhood? (Internet can help quite a lot here) - F. Botero is a Colombian artist. Look for some other representatives of Latin American painting. Learn to Look - Briefly describe every element in the sculpture. - How would you classify the composition? - How would you describe Boteros style of sculpture? (considering this image and some others you may have seen) Think About the Image - What do you think the sculptor has wanted to express? - How is motherhood represented?

MOTHERHOOD (Sculpture, Oviedo, Plaza de La Escandalera)

IGNACIO ZULOAGA (1870-1945) is one of the most important Spanish painters. He lived between the 19th and 20th centuries. His realist and local-style paintings reflect people's daily lives through their activities, in the case of this painting through recreational activities.

Look for Some Facts - Who was I. Zuloaga? - What is local-style art (in Spanish, costumbrismo)? What is Realism? Learn to Look - Briefly describe every element in the painting. What are the people doing? Try and give as many details as possible. - Why can this painting be classified as reflecting local customs (costumbrista)? Think About the Image - What do you think the painter has wanted to express? - Can art be objective and show reality as it actually is? - Why can we say that the atmosphere represented here is also an atmosphere that reflects citizenship? (Use the knowledge acquired in this unit to develop your answer)

BULLFIGHT IN EIBAR (1899, ThyssenBornemisza Museum)

THINKING AND IMAGINING WITH IMAGES - Which image, painting or drawing would you use to represent your social life? - If you had to organise an art exhibition based around the theme of Society, what painters would you use as representatives? Which paintings would you choose?

Education for Citizenship and Human Rights. Unit 2

10

The World of Literature: Fuenteovejuna

Fuenteovejuna is one of the most important plays in the Spanish language. It was written by Lope de Vega. It consists of three acts; in the first act the situation is introduced, in the second one the situation develops and in the third the situation is solved. It was written in 1612 and the plot takes place in Fuenteovejuna, a town in Crdoba, during the time of the Catholic Kings (1474-1516). Fuenteovejuna, an appeal to citizens Fuenteovejuna shows the ups and downs of a town that suffers from the injustice and tyranny doled out by a commander. The people of the town decide to rebel against him and kill him. When they are about to be executed, they maintain that no one person has committed the crime; rather it was the whole town. Hence the famous idiom: Fuenteovejuna did it. [the text
below is modified version only the format. For a complete version, please go to Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, 2002: cf. cervantesvirtual.com] Voces parece que he odo, y son, si yo mal no siento, de alguno que dan tormento. Oye con atento odo. Dice dentro el JUEZ y responden JUEZ: Decid la verdad, buen viejo. FRONDOSO: Un viejo, Laurencia ma, atormentan. LAURENCIA: Qu porfa! ESTEBAN: Djenme un poco. JUEZ: Ya os dejo. Decid: quin mat a Fernando? ESTEBAN: Fuenteovejuna lo hizo. LAURENCIA: Tu nombre, padre, eternizo; [a todos vas animando]. FRONDOSO: Bravo caso! JUEZ: Ese muchacho aprieta. Perro, yo s que lo sabes. Di quin fue. Callas? Aprieta, borracho. NIO: Fuenteovejuna, seor. JUEZ: Por vida del rey, villanos, que os ahorque con mis manos! Quin mat al comendador? FRONDOSO: Que a un nio le den tormento y niegue de aquesta suerte! LAURENCIA: Bravo pueblo! FRONDOSO: Bravo y fuerte. JUEZ: Esa mujer al momento en ese potro tened. Dale esa mancuerda luego. LAURENCIA: Ya est de clera ciego. JUEZ: Que os he de matar, creed, en este potro, villanos. Quin mat al comendador? PASCUALA: Fuenteovejuna, seor. JUEZ: Dale! FRONDOSO: Pensamientos vanos. LAURENCIA: Pascuala niega, Frondoso. FRONDOSO: Niegan nios. Qu te espanta? JUEZ: Parece que los encantas. Aprieta! PASCUALA: Ay, cielo piadoso! JUEZ: Aprieta, infame! Ests sordo? PASCUALA: Fuenteovejuna lo hizo. JUEZ: Traedme aquel ms rollizo, ese desnudo, ese gordo. LAURENCIA: Pobre Mengo! l es, sin duda. FRONDOSO: Temo que ha de confesar. MENGO: Ay, ay! JUEZ: Comenza a apretar. MENGO: Ay! JUEZ: Es menester ayuda? MENGO: Ay, ay! JUEZ: Quin mat, villano, al seor comendador? MENGO: Ay, yo lo dir, seor! JUEZ: Afloja un poco la mano. FRONDOSO: l confiesa. JUEZ: Al palo aplica la espalda. MENGO: Quedo; que yo lo dir. JUEZ: Quin lo mat? MENGO: Seor, Fuenteovejunica! JUEZ: Hay tan gran bellaquera? Del dolor se estn burlando. En quien estaba esperando, niego con mayor porfa. Dejadlos; que estoy cansado.

AN INVITATION TO READ... Fuenteovejuna is a great play. Plays can be read, as we usually do in class, or acted out on a stage. Theatre is one of the great scenic arts and is able to mobilise acts, feelings, imagination and so on in order to delve into the wealth of human life. The theatre also deals with social, political and citizenship matters. Try to go to the theatre. Convince your parents, friends or teachers. It will be an unforgettable experience. There are many great Spanish dramatists like Lope de Vega, or some others whose work discusses social issues like B. Brecht o F. Drrenmatt

FEELING AND THINKING WITH WORDS - Ask your Literature teacher what happened in Fuenteovejuna. Expand the information provided on this page. - This scene describes a tragedy, but there are some ironic, or even comical, notes. Could you underline them? - What does the sentence Fuenteovejuna did it mean? - When can a governor be sanctioned by a town as happened in Fuenteovejuna? Explain your answer with concrete reasons (use the knowledge acquired in this unit).

Education for Citizenship and Human Rights. Unit 2

11

Final and Summary Activities

1. Mafalda is a comic strip character designed by Quino. Her main features are tenderness and criticism. We can also be sensitive critics. Look carefully at the two strips below and then answer the following questions: - Describe the comic strips in your own words. - What is Mafaldas criticism addressed to? Why? What does she want to show? Is she right? Try to give her more arguments for her criticism and if you think she is wrong, how would you criticise her? - Search for other Mafalda comic strips and comment on them in class. - Do you dare to create a short comic strip? If so: a) think about an unfair situation (worthy of criticism), b) design some characters and make a brief dialogue (... and draw it!)

2. Here we have a superb painting by Pieter Brueghel the Elder (1525-1569), entitled Netherlandish Proverbs (1559; Staatliche Museen, Berlin). The painting describes his neighbours and activities and it also illustrates proverbs and popular sayings. We suggest you: 1. Search for some information about this painter and try to describe every scene in the painting (use the Internet to find some details and to learn the proverbs and sayings). 2. A proverb is a saying containing peoples wisdom and experience. Make a list of proverbs. What advice do they give us? Ask your parents, friends and neighbours. 3. There are many activities in the painting. Use your imagination and your memory and make a brief list of activities and professions, not only the ones from Brueghel's time, but also from ours. 3. Fill the table below by searching for behaviour that can be described as good manners or bad manners in each of the daily spaces or places.
Daily interaction and politeness Good manners Bad manners It doesnt matter At a coffee shop or restaurant Traffic At school and libraries

Education for Citizenship and Human Rights. Unit 2

12

Find Out and Take Part

El Tribunal de las Aguas (The Water Court) - What is its history? Which functions did or does it have? Where is it found? - Search for and describe some of its symbols. - Identify some of the personalities in the photograph. - Is there such a Court in your town? Should it exist?

ASSOCIATIONISM IN DAILY LIFE Fill in the table below by asking your friends, family and acquaintances what association they belong to. Complement the information they give you with the following questions: - Why do they belong to that association? - When did they enrol and what role do they play in it? - What do its activities consist of and in which season do they practice them? - How are they organised and what are the conditions for taking part? - Who assumes the institution's expenses and its registration or maintenance fees (if they exist)? - What would they do to make the association work better? - How are they useful to society? Are they necessary or could we do without them?
Recreational and economic institucions FRIENDS PARENTS AND FAMILY OTHER ACQUAINTANCES Sports and social institucions Unions and political institucions Charities and religious institucions

Education for Citizenship and Human Rights. Unit 2

13