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Engaging Peers, Inspiring Careers!
Chapter 14
by FaaDoOEngineers.com
Chapter Objectives
m Describe the positive and negative logic o .c Describe the application of digital rs signals e circuits e Identify the types of digital integrated in Classify the logic families g n E O o D aa F
Differentiate between analog and digital signals
Recall
m16. The base of a hexadecimal number system is co . 0 to 7 The octal number system uses digits from rs e and ASCII code e BCD stands for Binary Coded Decimal in Code for stands for The American Standard g n Information Interchange E O ASCII stands for American Standard Code for o D Information Interchange aa of 8 bits EASCII is F
The base of decimal number system is 10
Analog Signals - I
An analog signal is an AC or DC voltage or current
that varies smoothly or continuously
Analog signals are more accurate compared to digital
signals, as digital signals are sampled outputs of analog signals at specific time intervals whereas analog signals are continuous in nature
The primary disadvantage of analog signals is that
these signals are responsible to interference which causes noise in the signal leading to data loss and distortion
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Analog Signals - II
Given below is diagrammatic representation of the
types of analog signals
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Question for GD
Time Limit-2mins
Where do we use analog signals?
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Digital signals - I
m rapidly changing voltage levels that vary in discrete co . steps or increments rs e e in These are pulses of voltage that usually switch g n between two fixed levels E O oare represented by binary numbers D Digital signals aa1's) in most of the applications (0's and F
Digital signals are essentially a series of pulses or
Digital signals - II
Digital signals support various data compression
methods such as audio and video compression. Hence, transmission of digital signals require less bandwidth compared to analog signals
n isignals can be stored easily Data in the form of digital g n on a variety of less expensive data carriers E O o that process digital signals are D Electronic circuits a adigital, logic, or pulse circuits called F
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Digital signals - III

Given below is the diagrammatic representation of
the types of digital signals
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Question for GD
digital signal?
Time Limit-2mins
What is the difference between analog and
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Positive and Negative Logic -I

The following are the two basic types of logic level
representations: Positive Logic - When the more positive of two voltage levels is assigned to the binary 1 state, it is referred to as positive logic.
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Negative Logic - When the negative or least positive of two voltage levels is assigned to the binary 1 state, it is referred to as negative logic.
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Positive and Negative Logic - II

Examples of positive and negative logic are
illustrated in the table below: Positive Logic Binary 0 = +0.5V
O o Binary 1 = +3.5V D a0a -6.0V Binary = F

Binary 1 = 0.0V
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e Logic e Negative in g
Binary 0 = 0.0V
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Binary 0 = +3.5V Binary 1 = +0.5V
Binary 1 = -6.0V
Applications of digital signal - I
m technologies as it supports various data transmission co and . methods, cost-effective data storage facilities rs other features. e e in g applications of digital n Following are some of the E signals: O o Audio D signal processing aa F
Digital signals are used in a wide range of
Applications of digital signal - II

Speech processing
Speech recognition Speech synthesis Speech enhancement Speech coding Digital image processing Audio compression
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Applications of digital signal - III

Video compression Digital communications Computer animation RADAR SONAR
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Question for GD
Time Limit-2mins
What are the applications of Digital Signal?
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Digital Integrated Circuits (ICs)

A digital integrated circuit, also called as a chip, is a
small electronic device made out of the semiconductor material that consists of electronic components like transistors, logic gates, flip-flops, multiplexers and other circuits.
They are used for variety of devices including
O phone, audio and video o microprocessor, cellular D automobiles and many more digital equipments aa F equipments.
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Types of Digital Integrated Circuits (ICs) - I

The following are the different types of digital
integrated circuits: SSI (Small-Scale Integration) MSI (Medium-Scale Integration) LSI (Large-Scale Integration) VLSI (Very Large-Scale Integration)
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Types of Digital Integrated Circuits (ICs) - II

VVLSI (Very Very Large-Scale Integration) Wafer-Scale Integration (WSI) System-on-a-chip (SoC or SOC) Nanotechnology
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Question for GD
Time Limit-2mins
What is the difference between SSI and MSI?
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Logic families - I
Logic families are widely categorized as bipolar and
unipolar logic families
The main elements of bipolar IC are resistors, diodes
and transistor
The following are the two types of bipolar ICs:

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Saturated Logic - Transistors in the IC are driven to saturation Non-saturated Logic - Transistors are not driven into saturation
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Logic families - II
m transistor logic, direct-coupled transistor logic, co high. integrated-injection logic, diode-transistor logic, rs logic threshold logic and transistor-transistor e e in g logic families are Schottky n The non-saturated bipolar E logic TTL and Emitter-coupled O o D aa F
The saturated bipolar logic families are resistorby FaaDoOEngineers.com
Logic families - III
m The MOSFETs are employed in MOS logic circuits. co and . MOS logic families consist of PMOS, NMOS rs CMOS e e in gMOSFETs are used and in n In PMOS only p-channel E MOSFETs are used whereas NMOS only n-channel O in CMOSDo p-channel and n-channel MOSFETs both are employed and are fabricated on the same silicon aa F chip
MOS devices are unipolar devices and only
Question for GD
Time Limit-2mins
What is the difference between Saturated and
Non-saturated logic families
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Summary - I
Electronic signals and techniques are of two types:
analog and digital
An analog signal is an AC or DC voltage or current
that varies continuously
Digital signals are a series of rapidly changing
voltage levels that vary in discrete steps
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Summary - II
m of two A positive logic is used when the more co positive . voltage levels is assigned to the binary 1 state rs e e in the negative or least A negative logic is used when g is assigned to the binary n positive of two voltage levels E O 1 state. o D aa F
Summary - III
m signal processing, speech processing, digital image codigital . processing, audio and video compression, rs RADAR and communications, computer animation, e e SONAR in g n E is a small electronic device A digital integrated circuit O o that consists of electronic components like Dlogic gates, flip-flops, multiplexers, and transistors, aa F other circuits
The various applications of digital signals are audio
Summary - IV
Logic families are categorized into bipolar and
unipolar logic families
Bipolar logic is of two types: Saturated and non-
saturated logic
MOS devices are unipolar devices. The MOS logic
families consist of PMOS, NMOS, and CMOS
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Mind Map
Draw a mind map to summarize this chapter
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a F

m Digital Signal co . rs e e in g n E O FaaDoOEngineers.com o D a

Differentiate between analog and digital signals

that varies smoothly or continuously

Analog signals are more accurate compared to digital

The primary disadvantage of analog signals is that

types of analog signals

Where do we use analog signals?

Digital signals - III

the types of digital signals

What is the difference between analog and

Positive and Negative Logic -I

Positive and Negative Logic - II

illustrated in the table below: Positive Logic Binary 0 = +0.5V

O o Binary 1 = +3.5V D a0a -6.0V Binary = F

Binary 0 = +3.5V Binary 1 = +0.5V

Applications of digital signal - I

Applications of digital signal - II

Applications of digital signal - III

What are the applications of Digital Signal?

Digital Integrated Circuits (ICs)

Types of Digital Integrated Circuits (ICs) - I

Types of Digital Integrated Circuits (ICs) - II

What is the difference between SSI and MSI?

unipolar logic families

The main elements of bipolar IC are resistors, diodes

The following are the two types of bipolar ICs:

Logic families - III

What is the difference between Saturated and

Non-saturated logic families

analog and digital

An analog signal is an AC or DC voltage or current

that varies continuously

Digital signals are a series of rapidly changing

voltage levels that vary in discrete steps

unipolar logic families

Bipolar logic is of two types: Saturated and non-

MOS devices are unipolar devices. The MOS logic

families consist of PMOS, NMOS, and CMOS

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