1

Sevens
Treasure DhanaSutta(VII.6) Monks,therearetheseseventreasures.Whichseven?Thetreasureof conviction,thetreasureofvirtue,thetreasureofconscience,thetreasureof concern,thetreasureoflistening,thetreasureofgenerosity,thetreasureof discernment. Andwhatisthetreasureofconviction?Thereisthecasewhereadiscipleof thenobleoneshasconviction,isconvincedoftheTathagatasAwakening: Indeed,theBlessedOneispureandrightlyselfawakened,consummatein knowledge&conduct,wellgone,anexpertwithregardtotheworld,unexcelled asatrainerforthosepeoplefittobetamed,theTeacherofdivine&human beings,awakened,blessed.Thisiscalledthetreasureofconviction. Andwhatisthetreasureofvirtue?Thereisthecasewhereadiscipleofthe nobleonesabstainsfromtakinglife,abstainsfromstealing,abstainsfromillicit sexualconduct,abstainsfromlying,abstainsfromtakingintoxicantsthatcause heedlessness.This,monks,iscalledthetreasureofvirtue. Andwhatisthetreasureofconscience?Thereisthecasewhereadiscipleof thenobleonesfeelsshameat[thethoughtofengagingin]bodilymisconduct, verbalmisconduct,mentalmisconduct.Thisiscalledthetreasureofconscience. Andwhatisthetreasureofconcern?Thereisthecasewhereadiscipleof thenobleonesfeelsconcernfor[thesufferingthatresultsfrom]bodily misconduct,verbalmisconduct,mentalmisconduct.Thisiscalledthetreasureof concern. Andwhatisthetreasureoflistening?Thereisthecasewhereadiscipleof thenobleoneshasheardmuch,hasretainedwhathe/shehasheard,hasstored whathe/shehasheard.Whateverteachingsareadmirableinthebeginning, admirableinthemiddle,admirableintheend,thatintheirmeaning& expressionproclaimtheholylifethatisentirelycomplete&pure:thosehe/she haslistenedtooften,retained,discussed,accumulated,examinedwithhis/her mind,andwellpenetratedintermsofhis/herviews.Thisiscalledthetreasure oflistening.

2 Andwhatisthetreasureofgenerosity?Thereisthecaseofadiscipleofthe nobleones,hisawarenesscleansedofthestainofstinginess,livingathome, freelygenerous,openhanded,delightinginbeingmagnanimous,responsiveto requests,delightinginthedistributionofalms.Thisiscalledthetreasureof generosity. Andwhatisthetreasureofdiscernment?Thereisthecasewhereadisciple ofthenobleonesisdiscerning,endowedwithdiscernmentofarising&passing awaynoble,penetrating,leadingtotherightendingofstress.Thisiscalledthe treasureofdiscernment. These,monks,aretheseventreasures. Thetreasureofconviction, thetreasureofvirtue, thetreasureofconscience&concern, thetreasureoflistening,generosity, &discernmentastheseventhtreasure. Whoever,manorwoman,hasthesetreasures issaidnottobepoor,hasnotlivedinvain. Soconviction&virtue,faith&Dhammavision shouldbecultivatedbythewise, rememberingtheBuddhasinstruction.

ToUgga UggaSutta(VII.7) ThenUgga,thekingschiefminister,approachedtheBlessedOneand,on arrival,havingboweddown,satdowntooneside.Ashewassittingthere,he saidtotheBlessedOne:Itsamazing,lord,&awesome,howprosperous MigaraRohaneyyais,howgreathistreasures,howgreathisresources! [TheBuddha:]Butwhatishisproperty,Ugga?Whatarehisgreattreasures &greatresources? Onehundredthousandpiecesofgold,lord,tosaynothingofhissilver. Thatistreasure,Ugga.Idontsaythatitsnot.Andthattreasureisopen tofire,floods,kings,thieves,&hatefulheirs.Buttheseseventreasuresarenot opentofire,flood,kings,thieves,orhatefulheirs.Whichseven?Thetreasureof

3 conviction,thetreasureofvirtue,thetreasureofconscience,thetreasureof concern,thetreasureoflistening,thetreasureofgenerosity,thetreasureof discernment.These,Ugga,aretheseventreasuresthatarenotopentofire,flood, kings,thieves,orhatefulheirs. Thetreasureofconviction, thetreasureofvirtue, thetreasureofconscience&concern, thetreasureoflistening,generosity, &discernmentastheseventhtreasure: Whoever,manorwoman,hasthesetreasures, hasgreattreasureintheworld thatnobeing, humanordivine, canexcel. Soconviction&virtue,faith&Dhammavision shouldbecultivatedbythewise, rememberingtheBuddhasinstruction.

4 Obsessions(1) AnusayaSutta(ANVII.11) Monks,therearethesesevenobsessions.[1]Whichseven? (1)Theobsessionofsensualpassion. (2)Theobsessionofresistance. (3)Theobsessionofviews. (4)Theobsessionofuncertainty. (5)Theobsessionofconceit. (6)Theobsessionofpassionforbecoming. (7)Theobsessionofignorance. Thesearethesevenobsessions. NOTE:[1]Thistermanusayaisusuallytranslatedasunderlying tendencyorlatenttendency.Thesetranslationsarebasedontheetymology oftheterm,whichliterallymeans,toliedownwith.However,inactual usage,therelatedverb(anuseti)meanstobeobsessedwithsomething,forones thoughtstoreturnandliedownwithitoverandoveragain. Obsessions(2) AnusayaSutta(ANVII.12) Monks,withtheabandoning&destructionofthesevenobsessions,theholy lifeisfulfilled.Whichseven?Theobsessionofsensualpassion,theobsessionof resistance,theobsessionofviews,theobsessionofuncertainty,theobsessionof conceit,theobsessionofpassionforbecoming,theobsessionofignorance.With theabandoning&destructionofthesesevenobsessions,theholylifeisfulfilled. When,foramonk,theobsessionofsensualpassionhasbeenabandoned,its rootdestroyed,likeanuprootedpalmtree,deprivedoftheconditionsof existence,notdestinedforfuturearising;when,forhim,theobsessionof resistancetheobsessionofviewstheobsessionofuncertaintytheobsession ofconceittheobsessionofpassionforbecomingtheobsessionofignorance hasbeenabandoned,itsrootdestroyed,likeanuprootedpalmtree,deprivedof theconditionsofexistence,notdestinedforfuturearising:thisiscalledamonk

5 whohascutthroughcraving,hasturnedawayfromthefetter,andbyrightly breakingthroughconceithasputanendtosuffering&stress.

ConditionsforNoDeclineamongtheMonks BhikkhuaparihaniyaSutta(VII.21) IhaveheardthatononeoccasiontheBlessedOnewasstayinginRajagaha,on VulturePeakMountain.Thereheaddressedthemonks:Monks,Iwillteach youthesevenconditionsthatleadtonodecline.Listen&paycloseattention.I willspeak. Yes,lord,themonksresponded. TheBlessedOnesaid:Andwhichsevenaretheconditionsthatleadtono decline? [1]Aslongasthemonksmeetoften,meetagreatdeal,theirgrowthcanbe expected,nottheirdecline. [2]Aslongasthemonksmeetinharmony,adjournfromtheirmeetingsin harmony,andconductSanghabusinessinharmony,theirgrowthcanbe expected,nottheirdecline. [3]Aslongasthemonksneitherdecreewhathasbeenundecreednorrepeal whathasbeendecreed,butpracticeundertakingthetrainingrulesastheyhave beendecreed,theirgrowthcanbeexpected,nottheirdecline. [4]Aslongasthemonkshonor,respect,venerate,anddohomagetothe eldermonksthosewithsenioritywhohavelongbeenordained,thefathersof theSangha,leadersoftheSangharegardingthemasworthlisteningto,their growthcanbeexpected,nottheirdecline. [5]Aslongasthemonksdonotsubmittothepowerofanyarisencraving thatleadstofurtherbecoming,theirgrowthcanbeexpected,nottheirdecline. [6]Aslongasthemonksseetheirownbenefitinwildernessdwellings, theirgrowthcanbeexpected,nottheirdecline. [7]Aslongasthemonkseachkeepfirmlyinmind:Ifthereareanywell behavedfellowfollowersofthechastelifewhohaveyettocome,maythey come;andmaythewellbehavedfellowfollowersofthechastelifewhohave comeliveincomfort,theirgrowthcanbeexpected,nottheirdecline.

6 Aslongasthemonksremainsteadfastinthesesevenconditions,andas longasthesesevenconditionsendureamongthemonks,themonksgrowth canbeexpected,nottheirdecline.

Bondage SaogaSutta(VII.48) IwillteachyouaDhammadiscourseonbondage&lackofbondage.Listen& paycloseattention.Iwillspeak. Yes,lord,themonksresponded. TheBlessedOnesaid:Awomanattendsinwardlytoherfemininefaculties, herfemininegestures,herfemininemanners,femininepoise,femininedesires, femininevoice,femininecharms.Sheisexcitedbythat,delightedbythat.Being excited&delightedbythat,sheattendsoutwardlytomasculinefaculties, masculinegestures,masculinemanners,masculinepoise,masculinedesires, masculinevoices,masculinecharms.Sheisexcitedbythat,delightedbythat. Beingexcited&delightedbythat,shewantstobebondedtowhatisoutsideher, wantswhateverpleasure&happinessthatarisebasedonthatbond.Delighting, caughtupinherfemininity,awomangoesintobondagewithreferencetomen. Thisishowawomandoesnottranscendherfemininity. Amanattendsinwardlytohismasculinefaculties,masculinegestures, masculinemanners,masculinepoise,masculinedesires,masculinevoice, masculinecharms.Heisexcitedbythat,delightedbythat.Beingexcited& delightedbythat,heattendsoutwardlytofemininefaculties,femininegestures, femininemanners,femininepoise,femininedesires,femininevoices,feminine charms.Heisexcitedbythat,delightedbythat.Beingexcited&delightedby that,hewantstobebondedtowhatisoutsidehim,wantswhateverpleasure& happinessthatarisebasedonthatbond.Delighting,caughtupinhis masculinity,amangoesintobondagewithreferencetowomen.Thisishowa mandoesnottranscendhismasculinity. Andhowistherelackofbondage?Awomandoesnotattendinwardlyto herfemininefaculties...femininecharms.Sheisnotexcitedbythat,not delightedbythat...doesnotattendoutwardlytomasculinefaculties... masculinecharms.Sheisnotexcitedbythat,notdelightedbythat...doesnot wanttobebondedtowhatisoutsideher,doesnotwantwhateverpleasure&

7 happinessthatarisebasedonthatbond.Notdelighting,notcaughtupinher femininity,awomandoesnotgointobondagewithreferencetomen.Thisis howawomantranscendsherfemininity. Amandoesnotattendinwardlytohismasculinefaculties...masculine charms.Heisnotexcitedbythat,notdelightedbythat...doesnotattend outwardlytofemininefaculties...femininecharms.Heisnotexcitedbythat,not delightedbythat...doesnotwanttobebondedtowhatisoutsidehim,doesnot wantwhateverpleasure&happinessthatarisebasedonthatbond.Not delighting,notcaughtupinhismasculinity,amandoesnotgointobondage withreferencetowomen.Thisishowamantranscendshismasculinity. Thisishowthereislackofbondage.AndthisistheDhammadiscourseon bondage&lackofbondage. Giving DanaSutta(VII.49) [Thisdiscoursediscussesthepossiblemotivationsforgenerosity,andratesin ascendingordertheresultstheycanleadto.TheCommentarynotesthatthehighest motivation,untaintedbylowermotivationsandleadingtononreturning,requiresa certainlevelofmasteryinconcentrationandinsightinordertobeonesgenuine motivationforgiving.] IhaveheardthatononeoccasiontheBlessedOnewasstayinginCampa,onthe shoreofGaggaraLake.ThenalargenumberoflayfollowersfromCampawent toVen.Sariputtaand,onarrival,havingboweddowntohim,sattooneside.As theyweresittingtheretheysaidtoVen.Sariputta:Ithasbeenalongtime, venerablesir,sincewehavehadachancetohearaDhammatalkintheBlessed Onespresence.ItwouldbegoodifwecouldgettohearaDhammatalkinthe BlessedOnespresence. Theninthatcase,myfriends,comeagainonthenextUposathaday,and perhapsyoullgettohearaDhammatalkintheBlessedOnespresence. Asyousay,venerablesir,thelayfollowersfromCampasaidtoVen. Sariputta.Risingfromtheirseats,bowingdowntohim,andthencircling himkeepinghimontheirrighttheyleft.

8 Then,onthefollowingUposathaday,thelayfollowersfromCampawentto Ven.Sariputtaand,onarrival,havingboweddowntohim,stoodtooneside. ThenVen.Sariputta,togetherwiththelayfollowersfromCampa,wenttothe BlessedOneandonarrival,havingboweddowntohim,sattooneside.Ashe wassittingthere,hesaidtotheBlessedOne:Mighttherebethecasewherea persongivesagiftofacertainsortanditdoesnotbeargreatfruitorgreat benefit,whereasanotherpersongivesagiftofthesamesortanditbearsgreat fruitandgreatbenefit? Yes,Sariputta,therewouldbethecasewhereapersongivesagiftofa certainsortanditdoesnotbeargreatfruitorgreatbenefit,whereasanother persongivesagiftofthesamesortanditbearsgreatfruitandgreatbenefit. Lord,whatisthecause,whatisthereason,whyapersongivesagiftofa certainsortanditdoesnotbeargreatfruitorgreatbenefit,whereasanother persongivesagiftofthesamesortanditbearsgreatfruitandgreatbenefit? Sariputta,thereisthecasewhereapersongivesagiftseekinghisown profit,withamindattached[tothereward],seekingtostoreupforhimself[with thethought],Illenjoythisafterdeath.Hegiveshisgiftfood,drink, clothing,avehicle;agarland,perfume,&ointment;bedding,shelter,&a lamptoapriestoracontemplative.Whatdoyouthink,Sariputta?Mighta persongivesuchagiftasthis? Yes,lord. Havinggiventhisgiftseekinghisownprofitwithamindattached[tothe reward],seekingtostoreupforhimself,[withthethought],Illenjoythisafter deathonthebreakupofthebody,afterdeath,reappearsinthecompanyof theFourGreatKings.Then,havingexhaustedthataction,thatpower,thatstatus, thatsovereignty,heisareturner,comingbacktothisworld. Thenthereisthecaseofapersonwhogivesagiftnotseekinghisown profit,notwithamindattached[tothereward],notseekingtostoreupfor himself,nor[withthethought],Illenjoythisafterdeath.Instead,hegivesa giftwiththethought,Givingisgood.Hegiveshisgiftfood,drink,clothing, avehicle;agarland,perfume,&ointment;bedding,shelter,&alamptoapriest oracontemplative.Whatdoyouthink,Sariputta?Mightapersongivesucha giftasthis? Yes,lord.

9 Havinggiventhisgiftwiththethought,Givingisgood,onthebreakup ofthebody,afterdeath,reappearsinthecompanyofthedevasoftheThirty three.Then,havingexhaustedthataction,thatpower,thatstatus,that sovereignty,heisareturner,comingbacktothisworld. Or,insteadofthinking,Givingisgood,hegivesagiftwiththethought, Thiswasgiveninthepast,doneinthepast,bymyfather&grandfather.It wouldnotberightformetoletthisoldfamilycustombediscontinued...on thebreakupofthebody,afterdeath,hereappearsinthecompanyofthedevas oftheHours.Then,havingexhaustedthataction,thatpower,thatstatus,that sovereignty,heisareturner,comingbacktothisworld. Or,instead...hegivesagiftwiththethought,Iamwelloff.Thesearenot welloff.Itwouldnotberightforme,beingwelloff,nottogiveagifttothose whoarenotwelloff...onthebreakupofthebody,afterdeath,hereappearsin thecompanyoftheContenteddevas.Then,havingexhaustedthataction,that power,thatstatus,thatsovereignty,heisareturner,comingbacktothisworld. Or,instead...hegivesagiftwiththethought,Justastherewerethegreat sacrificesofthesagesofthepastAtthaka,Vamaka,Vamadeva,Vessamitta, Yamataggi,Angirasa,Bharadvaja,Vasettha,Kassapa,&Bhaguinthesameway willthisbemydistributionofgifts...onthebreakupofthebody,afterdeath, hereappearsinthecompanyofthedevaswhodelightincreation.Then,having exhaustedthataction,thatpower,thatstatus,thatsovereignty,heisareturner, comingbacktothisworld. Or,instead...hegivesagiftwiththethought,Whenthisgiftofmineis given,itmakesthemindserene.Gratification&joyarise...onthebreakupof thebody,afterdeath,hereappearsinthecompanyofthedevaswhohavepower overthecreationsofothers.Then,havingexhaustedthataction,thatpower,that status,thatsovereignty,heisareturner,comingbacktothisworld. Or,insteadofthinking,Whenthisgiftofmineisgiven,itmakesthemind serene.Gratification&joyarise,hegivesagiftwiththethought,Thisisan ornamentforthemind,asupportforthemind.Hegiveshisgiftfood,drink, clothing,avehicle;agarland,perfume,&ointment;bedding,shelter,&a lamptoapriestoracontemplative.Whatdoyouthink,Sariputta?Mighta persongivesuchagiftasthis? Yes,lord. Havinggiventhis,notseekinghisownprofit,notwithamindattached[to thereward],notseekingtostoreupforhimself,nor[withthethought],Ill enjoythisafterdeath,

10 norwiththethought,Givingisgood, norwiththethought,Thiswasgiveninthepast,doneinthepast,bymy father&grandfather.Itwouldnotberightformetoletthisoldfamilycustombe discontinued, norwiththethought,Iamwelloff.Thesearenotwelloff.Itwouldnotbe rightforme,beingwelloff,nottogiveagifttothosewhoarenotwelloff,nor withthethought,Justastherewerethegreatsacrificesofthesagesofthe pastAtthaka,Vamaka,Vamadeva,Vessamitta,Yamadaggi,Angirasa, Bharadvaja,Vasettha,Kassapa,&Bhaguinthesamewaythiswillbemy distributionofgifts, norwiththethought,Whenthisgiftofmineisgiven,itmakesthemind serene.Gratification&joyarise, butwiththethought,Thisisanornamentforthemind,asupportforthe mindonthebreakupofthebody,afterdeath,hereappearsinthecompany ofBrahmasRetinue.Then,havingexhaustedthataction,thatpower,that status,thatsovereignty,heisanonreturner.Hedoesnotcomebacktothis world. This,Sariputta,isthecause,thisisthereason,whyapersongivesagiftofa certainsortanditdoesnotbeargreatfruitorgreatbenefit,whereasanother persongivesagiftofthesamesortanditbearsgreatfruitandgreatbenefit. ToKimila KimilaSutta(VII.56) IhaveheardthatononeoccasiontheBlessedOnewasstayingatKimila,inthe BambooGrove.ThenVen.KimilawenttotheBlessedOneand,onarrival, havingboweddowntotheBlessedOne,sattooneside.Ashewassittingthere hesaidtotheBlessedOne:Whatisthecause,lord,whatisthereasonwhy, whenaTathagatahasbecometotallyunbound(hasenteredtotalNibbana),the trueDhammadoesnotlastalongtime?

11 Kimila,thereisthecasewhere,whenaTathagatahasbecometotally unbound,themonks,nuns,malelayfollowers,&femalelayfollowerslive withoutrespect,withoutdeference,fortheTeacher;livewithoutrespect,without deference,fortheDhamma...theSangha...theTraining[heightenedvirtue, heightenedconcentration,heighteneddiscernment]...concentration... heedfulness;livewithoutrespect,withoutdeference,forhospitality.Thisisthe cause,thisisthereasonwhy,whenaTathagatahasbecometotallyunbound,the trueDhammadoesnotlastalongtime. Andwhatisthecause,whatisthereasonwhy,whenaTathagatahas becometotallyunbound,thetrueDhammadoeslastalongtime? Kimila,thereisthecasewhere,whenaTathagatahasbecometotally unbound,themonks,nuns,malelayfollowers,&femalelayfollowerslivewith respect,withdeference,fortheTeacher;livewithrespect,withdeference,forthe Dhamma...theSangha...theTraining...concentration...heedfulness;livewith respect,withdeference,forhospitality.Thisisthecause,thisisthereasonwhy, whenaTathagatahasbecometotallyunbound,thetrueDhammadoeslasta longtime.

Nodding CapalaSutta(VII.58) OncetheBlessedOnewaslivingamongtheBhaggasintheDeerParkat BhesakalaGrove,nearCrocodileHaunt.AtthattimeVen.MahaMoggallana [priortohisAwakening]satnoddingnearthevillageofKallavalaputta,in Magadha.TheBlessedOne,withhispurifieddivineeye,surpassingthehuman, sawVen.MahaMoggallanaashesatnoddingnearthevillageofKallavalaputta inMagadha.Assoonashesawthisjustasastrongmanmightextendhis flexedarmorflexhisextendedarmhedisappearedfromamongtheBhaggasin theDeerParkatBhesakalaGrovenearCrocodileHauntandreappearednear thevillageofKallavalaputtainMagadha,rightinfrontofVen.Maha Moggallana.Therehesatdownonapreparedseat.Ashewassittingthere,the BlessedOnesaidtoVen.MahaMoggallana,Areyounodding,Moggallana? Areyounodding? Yes,lord.

12 Wellthen,Moggallana,whateverperceptionyouhaveinmindwhen drowsinessdescendsonyou,dontattendtothatperception,dontpursueit. Itspossiblethatbydoingthisyouwillshakeoffyourdrowsiness. Butifbydoingthisyoudontshakeoffyourdrowsiness,thenrecallto yourawarenesstheDhammaasyouhaveheard&memorizedit,reexamineit, &ponderitoverinyourmind.Itspossiblethatbydoingthisyouwillshakeoff yourdrowsiness. Butifbydoingthisyoudontshakeoffyourdrowsiness,thenrepeataloud indetailtheDhammaasyouhaveheard&memorizedit.Itspossiblethatby doingthisyouwillshakeoffyourdrowsiness. Butifbydoingthisyoudontshakeoffyourdrowsiness,thenpullboth youearlobesandrubyourlimbswithyourhands.Itspossiblethatbydoing thisyouwillshakeoffyourdrowsiness. Butifbydoingthisyoudontshakeoffyourdrowsiness,thengetupfrom yourseatand,afterwashingyoureyesoutwithwater,lookaroundinall directionsandupwardtothemajorstars&constellations.Itspossiblethatby doingthisyouwillshakeoffyourdrowsiness. Butifbydoingthisyoudontshakeoffyourdrowsiness,thenattendtothe perceptionoflight,resolveontheperceptionofdaytime,[dwelling]bynightas byday,andbydayasbynight.Bymeansofanawarenessthusopen& unhampered,developabrightenedmind.Itspossiblethatbydoingthisyou willshakeoffyourdrowsiness. Butifbydoingthisyoudontshakeoffyourdrowsiness,thenpercipient ofwhatliesinfront&behindsetadistancetomeditatewalkingback&forth, yoursensesinwardlyimmersed,yourmindnotstrayingoutwards.Itspossible thatbydoingthisyouwillshakeoffyourdrowsiness. Butifbydoingthisyoudontshakeoffyourdrowsiness,thenreclining onyourrightsidetakeupthelionsposture,onefootplacedontopofthe other,mindful,alert,withyourmindsetongettingup.Assoonasyouwakeup, getupquickly,withthethought,Iwontstayindulginginthepleasureof lyingdown,thepleasureofreclining,thepleasureofdrowsiness.Thatishow youshouldtrainyourself. Furthermore,Moggallana,shouldyoutrainyourself:Iwillnotvisit familieswithmypride[literally,mytrunk(i.e.,aelephantstrunk)]lifted high.Thatishowyoushouldtrainyourself.Amongfamiliestherearemany jobsthathavetobedone,sothatpeopledontpayattentiontoavisitingmonk. Ifamonkvisitsthemwithhistrunkliftedhigh,thethoughtwilloccurtohim,

13 Nowwho,Iwonder,hascausedasplitbetweenmeandthisfamily?The peopleseemtohavenolikingforme.Gettingnothing,hebecomesabashed. Abashed,hebecomesrestless.Restless,hebecomesunrestrained.Unrestrained, hismindisfarfromconcentration. Furthermore,Moggallana,shouldyoutrainyourself:Iwillspeakno confrontationalspeech.Thatishowyoushouldtrainyourself.Whenthereis confrontationalspeech,alotofdiscussioncanbeexpected.Whenthereisalotof discussion,thereisrestlessness.Onewhoisrestlessbecomesunrestrained. Unrestrained,hismindisfarfromconcentration. Itsnotthecase,Moggallana,thatIpraiseassociationofeverysort.But itsnotthecasethatIdispraiseassociationofeverysort.Idontpraise associationwithhouseholdersandrenunciates.Butasfordwellingplacesthat arefreefromnoise,freefromsound,theiratmospheredevoidofpeople, appropriatelysecludedforrestingundisturbedbyhumanbeings:Ipraise associationwithdwellingplacesofthissort. Whenthiswassaid,Ven.MoggallanasaidtotheBlessedOne:Briefly,lord, inwhatrespectisamonkreleasedthroughtheendingofcraving,utterly complete,utterlyfreefrombonds,afolloweroftheutterlyholylife,utterly consummate:foremostamonghuman&heavenlybeings? Thereisthecase,Moggallana,whereamonkhasheard,Allthingsare unworthyofattachment.Havingheardthatallthingsareunworthyof attachment,hefullyknowsallthings.Fullyknowingallthings,hefully comprehendsallthings.Fullycomprehendingallthings,thenwhateverfeeling heexperiencespleasure,pain,neitherpleasurenorpainheremainsfocusedon inconstancy,focusedondispassion,focusedoncessation,focusedon relinquishingwithregardtothatfeeling.Asheremainsfocusedoninconstancy, focusedondispassion,focusedoncessation,focusedonrelinquishingwith regardtothatfeeling,heisunsustainedby(doesntclingto)anythinginthe world.Unsustained,heisntagitated.Unagitated,heisunboundrightwithin. Hediscerns:Birthisended,theholylifefulfilled,thetaskdone.Thereis nothingfurtherforthisworld. Itsinthisrespect,Moggallana,thatamonk,inbrief,isreleasedthrough theendingofcraving,utterlycomplete,utterlyfreefrombonds,afollowerofthe utterlyholylife,utterlyconsummate:foremostamonghuman&heavenly beings.

14 AnAngryPerson KodhanaSutta(VII.60) Theseseventhingspleasingtoanenemy,bringingaboutanenemys aimcometoamanorwomanwhoisangry.Whichseven? Thereisthecasewhereanenemywishesofanenemy,O,maythisperson beugly!Whyisthat?Anenemyisnotpleasedwithanenemysgoodlooks. Now,whenapersonisangryovercomewithanger,oppressedwith angertheneventhoughthathemaybewellbathed,wellanointed,dressedin whiteclothes,hishair&beardneatlytrimmed,heisuglynevertheless,all becauseheisovercomewithanger.Thisisthefirstthingpleasingtoanenemy, bringingaboutanenemysaim,thatcomestoamanorwomanwhoisangry. Furthermore,anenemywishesofanenemy,O,maythispersonsleep badly!Whyisthat?Anenemyisnotpleasedwithanenemysrestfulsleep. Now,whenapersonisangryovercomewithanger,oppressedwith angertheneventhoughhesleepsonabedspreadwithawhiteblanket,spread withawoolencoverlet,spreadwithaflowerembroideredbedspread,covered witharugofdeerskins,withacanopyoverhead,oronasofawithredcushions ateitherend,hesleepsbadlynevertheless,allbecauseheisovercomewith anger.Thisisthesecondthingpleasingtoanenemy,bringingaboutanenemys aim,thatcomestoamanorwomanwhoisangry. Furthermore,anenemywishesofanenemy,O,maythispersonnot profit!Whyisthat?Anenemyisnotpleasedwithanenemysprofits.Now, whenapersonisangryovercomewithanger,oppressedwithangertheneven whenhesuffersaloss,hethinks,Ivegainedaprofit;andevenwhenhe gainsaprofit,hethinks,Ivesufferedaloss.Whenhehasgrabbedholdof theseideasthatworkinmutualopposition[tothetruth],theyleadtohislong termsuffering&loss,allbecauseheisovercomewithanger.Thisisthethird thingpleasingtoanenemy,bringingaboutanenemysaim,thatcomestoa manorwomanwhoisangry. Furthermore,anenemywishesofanenemy,O,maythispersonnothave anywealth!Whyisthat?Anenemyisnotpleasedwithanenemyswealth. Now,whenapersonisangryovercomewithanger,oppressedwith angerthenwhateverhiswealth,earnedthroughhisefforts&enterprise, amassedthroughthestrengthofhisarm,andpiledupthroughthesweatofhis browrighteouswealthrighteouslygainedthekingordersitsenttotheroyal

15 treasury[inpaymentoffinesleviedforhisbehavior]allbecauseheisovercome withanger.Thisisthefourththingpleasingtoanenemy,bringingaboutan enemysaim,thatcomestoamanorwomanwhoisangry. Furthermore,anenemywishesofanenemy,O,maythispersonnothave anyreputation!Whyisthat?Anenemyisnotpleasedwithanenemys reputation.Now,whenapersonisangryovercomewithanger,oppressedwith angerwhateverreputationhehasgainedfrombeingheedful,itfallsaway,all becauseheisovercomewithanger.Thisisthefifththingpleasingtoanenemy, bringingaboutanenemysaim,thatcomestoamanorwomanwhoisangry. Furthermore,anenemywishesofanenemy,O,maythispersonnothave anyfriends!Whyisthat?Anenemyisnotpleasedwithanenemyshaving friends.Now,whenapersonisangryovercomewithanger,oppressedwith angerhisfriends,companions,&relativeswillavoidhimfromafar,allbecause heisovercomewithanger.Thisisthesixththingpleasingtoanenemy,bringing aboutanenemysaim,thatcomestoamanorwomanwhoisangry. Furthermore,anenemywishesofanenemy,O,maythisperson,onthe breakupofthebody,afterdeath,reappearintheplaneofdeprivation,thebad bourn,thelowerrealms,inhell!Whyisthat?Anenemyisnotpleasedwithan enemysgoingtoheaven.Now,whenapersonisangryovercomewithanger, oppressedwithangerheengagesinmisconductwiththebody,misconduct withspeech,misconductwiththemind.Havingengagedinmisconductwiththe body,misconductwithspeech,misconductwiththemind,thenonthebreakup ofthebody,afterdeathhereappearsintheplaneofdeprivation,thebadbourn, thelowerrealms,inhell,allbecausehewasovercomewithanger.Thisisthe sevenththingpleasingtoanenemy,bringingaboutanenemysaim,thatcomes toamanorwomanwhoisangry. Thesearetheseventhingspleasingtoanenemy,bringingaboutan enemysaimthatcometoamanorwomanwhoisangry. Anangrypersonisugly&sleepspoorly. Gainingaprofit,heturnsitintoaloss, havingdonedamagewithword&deed. Apersonoverwhelmedwithanger destroyshiswealth. Maddenedwithanger, hedestroyshisstatus.

16 Relatives,friends,&colleaguesavoidhim. Angerbringsloss. Angerinflamesthemind. Hedoesntrealize thathisdangerisbornfromwithin. Anangrypersondoesntknowhisownbenefit. AnangrypersondoesntseetheDhamma. Amanconqueredbyangerisinamassofdarkness. Hetakespleasureinbaddeedsasiftheyweregood, butlater,whenhisangerisgone, hesuffersasifburnedwithfire. Heisspoiled,blottedout, likefireenvelopedinsmoke. Whenangerspreads, whenamanbecomesangry, hehasnoshame,nofearofevil, isnotrespectfulinspeech. Forapersonovercomewithanger, nothinggiveslight. Illlistthedeedsthatbringremorse, thatarefarfromtheteachings. Listen! Anangryperson killshisfather, killshismother, killsBrahmans &peoplerunofthemill. Itsbecauseofamothersdevotion thatoneseestheworld, yetanangryrunofthemillperson cankillthisgiveroflife. Likeoneself,allbeingsholdthemselvesmostdear, yetanangryperson,deranged, cankillhimselfinmanyways: withasword,takingpoison, hanginghimselfbyaropeinamountainglen.

17

Doingthesedeeds thatkillbeingsanddoviolencetohimself, theangrypersondoesntrealizethathesruined. ThissnareofMara,intheformofanger, dwellinginthecaveoftheheart: cutitoutwithselfcontrol, discernment,persistence,rightview. Thewisemanwouldcutout each&everyformofunskillfulness. Trainyourselves: Maywenotbeblottedout.

18 Freefromanger&untroubled, freefromgreed,withoutlonging, tamed,yourangerabandoned, freefromfermentation, youwillbeunbound.

OneWithaSenseofDhamma DhammauSutta(VII.64) Amonkendowedwiththesesevenqualitiesisworthyofgifts,worthyof hospitality,worthyofofferings,worthyofrespect,anunexcelledfieldofmerit fortheworld.Whichseven?Thereisthecasewhereamonkisonewithasense ofDhamma,asenseofmeaning,asenseofhimself,asenseofmoderation,a senseoftime,asenseofsocialgatherings,&asenseofdistinctionsamong individuals. AndhowisamonkonewithasenseofDhamma?Thereisthecasewherea monkknowstheDhamma:dialogues,narrativesofmixedproseandverse, explanations,verses,spontaneousexclamations,quotations,birthstories, amazingevents,question&answersessions[theearliestclassificationsofthe Buddhasteachings].IfhedidntknowtheDhammadialogues,narrativesof mixedproseandverse,explanations,verses,spontaneousexclamations, quotations,birthstories,amazingevents,question&answersessionshe wouldntbesaidtobeonewithasenseofDhamma.Soitsbecausehedoes knowtheDhammadialogues...question&answersessionsthatheissaidto beonewithasenseofDhamma.ThisisonewithasenseofDhamma. Andhowisamonkonewithasenseofmeaning?Thereisthecasewherea monkknowsthemeaningofthis&thatstatementThisisthemeaningofthat statement;thatisthemeaningofthis.Ifhedidntknowthemeaningofthis& thatstatementThisisthemeaningofthatstatement;thatisthemeaningof thishewouldntbesaidtobeonewithasenseofmeaning.Soitsbecause hedoesknowthemeaningofthis&thatstatementThisisthemeaningofthat statement;thatisthemeaningofthisthatheissaidtobeonewithasenseof meaning.ThisisonewithasenseofDhamma&asenseofmeaning.

19 Andhowisamonkonewithasenseofhimself?Thereisthecasewherea monkknowshimself:ThisishowfarIhavecomeinconviction,virtue, learning,liberality,discernment,quickwittedness.Ifhedidntknow himselfThisishowfarIhavecomeinconviction,virtue,learning,liberality, discernment,quickwittednesshewouldntbesaidtobeonewithasenseof himself.SoitsbecausehedoesknowhimselfThisishowfarIhavecomein conviction,virtue,learning,liberality,discernment,quickwittednessthathe issaidtobeonewithasenseofhimself.ThisisonewithasenseofDhamma,a senseofmeaning,&asenseofhimself. Andhowisamonkonewithasenseofmoderation?Thereisthecase whereamonkknowsmoderationinacceptingrobes,almsfood,lodgings,& medicinalrequisitesforcuringthesick.Ifhedidntknowmoderationin acceptingrobes,almsfood,lodgings,&medicinalrequisitesforcuringthesick, hewouldntbesaidtobeonewithasenseofmoderation.Soitsbecausehe doesknowmoderationinacceptingrobes,almsfood,lodgings,&medicinal requisitesforcuringthesick,thatheissaidtobeonewithasenseofmoderation. ThisisonewithasenseofDhamma,asenseofmeaning,asenseofhimself,&a senseofmoderation. Andhowisamonkonewithasenseoftime?Thereisthecasewherea monkknowsthetime:Thisisthetimeforrecitation;this,thetimefor questioning;this,thetimeformakinganeffort[inmeditation];this,thetimefor seclusion.IfhedidntknowthetimeThisisthetimeforrecitation;this,the timeforquestioning;this,thetimeformakinganeffort;this,thetimefor seclusionhewouldntbesaidtobeonewithasenseoftime.Soitsbecause hedoesknowthetimeThisisthetimeforrecitation;this,thetimefor questioning;this,thetimeformakinganeffort;this,thetimefor seclusionthatheissaidtobeonewithasenseoftime.Thisisonewithasense ofDhamma,asenseofmeaning,asenseofhimself,asenseofmoderation,&a senseoftime. Andhowisamonkonewithasenseofsocialgatherings?Thereisthecase whereamonkknowshissocialgathering:Thisisasocialgatheringofnoble warriors;this,asocialgatheringofpriests;this,asocialgatheringof householders;this,asocialgatheringofcontemplatives;hereoneshould approachtheminthisway,standinthisway,actinthisway,sitinthisway, speakinthisway,staysilentinthisway.Ifhedidntknowhissocial gatheringThisisasocialgatheringofnoblewarriors;this,asocialgathering ofpriests;this,asocialgatheringofhouseholders;this,asocialgatheringof

20 contemplatives;hereoneshouldapproachtheminthisway,standinthisway, actinthisway,sitinthisway,speakinthisway,staysilentinthiswayhe wouldntbesaidtobeonewithasenseofsocialgatherings.Soitsbecausehe doesknowhissocialgatheringThisisasocialgatheringofnoblewarriors; this,asocialgatheringofpriests;this,asocialgatheringofhouseholders;this,a socialgatheringofcontemplatives;hereoneshouldapproachtheminthisway, standinthisway,actinthisway,sitinthisway,speakinthisway,staysilentin thiswaythatheissaidtobeonewithasenseofsocialgatherings.Thisisone withasenseofDhamma,asenseofmeaning,asenseofhimself,asenseof moderation,asenseoftime,&asenseofsocialgatherings. Andhowisamonkonewithasenseofdistinctionsamongindividuals? Thereisthecasewherepeopleareknowntoamonkintermsoftwocategories. Oftwopeopleonewhowantstoseenobleonesandonewho doesnttheonewhodoesntwanttoseenobleonesistobecriticizedforthat reason,theonewhodoeswanttoseenobleonesis,forthatreason,tobepraised. Oftwopeoplewhowanttoseenobleonesonewhowantstohearthetrue Dhammaandonewhodoesnttheonewhodoesntwanttohearthetrue Dhammaistobecriticizedforthatreason,theonewhodoeswanttohearthe trueDhammais,forthatreason,tobepraised. OftwopeoplewhowanttohearthetrueDhammaonewholistenswith anattentiveearandonewholistenswithoutanattentiveeartheonewho listenswithoutanattentiveearistobecriticizedforthatreason,theonewho listenswithanattentiveearis,forthatreason,tobepraised. Oftwopeoplewholistenwithanattentiveearonewho,havinglistenedto theDhamma,remembersit,andonewhodoesnttheonewho,havinglistened totheDhamma,doesntrememberitistobecriticizedforthatreason,theone who,havinglistenedtotheDhamma,doesremembertheDhammais,forthat reason,tobepraised. Oftwopeoplewho,havinglistenedtotheDhamma,rememberitonewho exploresthemeaningoftheDhammahehasrememberedandonewho doesnttheonewhodoesntexplorethemeaningoftheDhammahehas rememberedistobecriticizedforthatreason,theonewhodoesexplorethe meaningoftheDhammahehasrememberedis,forthatreason,tobepraised. OftwopeoplewhoexplorethemeaningoftheDhammatheyhave rememberedonewhopracticestheDhammainlinewiththeDhamma,having asenseofDhamma,havingasenseofmeaning,andonewhodoesnttheone whodoesntpracticetheDhammainlinewiththeDhamma,havingasenseof

21 Dhamma,havingasenseofmeaning,istobecriticizedforthatreason,theone whodoespracticetheDhammainlinewiththeDhamma,havingasenseof Dhamma,havingasenseofmeaningis,forthatreason,tobepraised. OftwopeoplewhopracticetheDhammainlinewiththeDhamma,having asenseofDhamma,havingasenseofmeaningonewhopracticesforbothhis ownbenefitandthatofothers,andonewhopracticesforhisownbenefitbutnot thatofotherstheonewhopracticesforhisownbenefitbutnotthatofothersis tobecriticizedforthatreason,theonewhopracticesforbothhisownbenefit andthatofothersis,forthatreason,tobepraised. Thisishowpeopleareknowntoamonkintermsoftwocategories.And thisishowamonkisonewithasenseofdistinctionsamongindividuals. Amonkendowedwiththesesevenqualitiesisworthyofgifts,worthyof hospitality,worthyofofferings,worthyofrespect,anunexcelledfieldofmerit fortheworld.

TheTeachersInstruction SatthusasanaSutta(VII.80) ThenVen.UpaliwenttotheBlessedOneand,onarrival,havingboweddownto him,sattooneside.AshewassittingtherehesaidtotheBlessedOne:It wouldbegood,venerablesir,iftheBlessedOnewouldteachmetheDhammain briefsuchthat,havingheardtheDhammafromtheBlessedOne,Imightdwell alone,secluded,heedful,ardent,&resolute. Upali,thequalitiesofwhichyoumayknow,Thesequalitiesdonotleadto utterdisenchantment,todispassion,tocessation,tocalm,todirectknowledge,to selfawakening,nortoUnbinding:Youmaydefinitelyhold,Thisisnotthe Dhamma,thisisnottheVinaya,thisisnottheTeachersinstruction. Asforthequalitiesofwhichyoumayknow,Thesequalitiesleadtoutter disenchantment,todispassion,tocessation,tocalm,todirectknowledge,toself awakening,toUnbinding:Youmaydefinitelyhold,ThisistheDhamma,this istheVinaya,thisistheTeachersinstruction. Seealso:ANVIII.53;SNLVI.1;MN72