1

Tens
Fetters SanyojanaSutta(X.13) Therearethesetenfetters.Whichten?Fivelowerfetters&fivehigherfetters. Andwhicharethefivelowerfetters?Selfidentityviews,uncertainty,graspingat precepts&practices,sensualdesire,&illwill.Thesearethefivelowerfetters. Andwhicharethefivehigherfetters?Passionforform,passionforwhatis formless,conceit,restlessness,&ignorance.Thesearethefivehigherfetters.And thesearethetenfetters.

Heedfulness AppamadaSutta(X.15) Totheextentthatthereareanimalsfootless,twofooted,fourfooted,many footed;withformorformless;percipient,nonpercipient,orneitherpercipient nornonpercipienttheTathagata,worthy&rightlyselfawakened,isreckoned theforemostamongthem.Inthesameway,allskillfulqualitiesarerootedin heedfulness,convergeinheedfulness,andheedfulnessisreckonedtheforemost amongthem. Justasthefootprintsofallleggedanimalsareencompassedbythefootprint oftheelephant,andtheelephantsfootprintisreckonedtheforemostamong themintermsofsize;inthesameway,allskillfulqualitiesarerootedin heedfulness,convergeinheedfulness,andheedfulnessisreckonedtheforemost amongthem. Justastheraftersinapeakroofedhouseallgototheroofpeak,inclineto theroofpeak,convergeattheroofpeak,andtheroofpeakisreckonedthe foremostamongthem;inthesameway,allskillfulqualitiesarerootedin heedfulness,convergeinheedfulness,andheedfulnessisreckonedtheforemost amongthem.

2 Justas,ofallrootfragrances,blackaloesrootisreckonedtheforemost;in thesameway,allskillfulqualitiesarerootedinheedfulness,convergein heedfulness,andheedfulnessisreckonedtheforemostamongthem. Justas,ofallwoodfragrances,redsandalwoodisreckonedtheforemost;in thesameway,allskillfulqualitiesarerootedinheedfulness,convergein heedfulness,andheedfulnessisreckonedtheforemostamongthem. Justas,ofallflowerfragrances,jasmineisreckonedtheforemost;inthe sameway,allskillfulqualitiesarerootedinheedfulness,convergein heedfulness,andheedfulnessisreckonedtheforemostamongthem. Justasallwattleanddaubtownprincesfallsubjecttoawheelturning emperor,andthewheelturningemperorisreckonedtheforemostamongthem; inthesameway,allskillfulqualitiesarerootedinheedfulness,convergein heedfulness,andheedfulnessisreckonedtheforemostamongthem. Justasallthelightoftheconstellationsdoesnotequalonesixteenthofthe lightofthemoon,andthelightofthemoonisreckonedtheforemostamong them;inthesameway,allskillfulqualitiesarerootedinheedfulness,convergein heedfulness,andheedfulnessisreckonedtheforemostamongthem. Justasinthelastmonthoftherains,inautumn,whentheskyisclear& cloudless,thesun,onascendingthesky,overpowersthespaceimmersedin darkness,shines,blazes,&dazzles;inthesameway,allskillfulqualitiesare rootedinheedfulness,convergeinheedfulness,andheedfulnessisreckonedthe foremostamongthem. JustasthegreatriverssuchastheGanges,theYamuna,theAciravati,the Sarabhu,&theMahiallgototheocean,inclinetotheocean,slopetotheocean, tendtowardtheocean,andtheoceanisreckonedtheforemostamongthem;in thesameway,allskillfulqualitiesarerootedinheedfulness,convergein heedfulness,andheedfulnessisreckonedtheforemostamongthem.

Seealso:SNIII.17

Protectors NathaSutta(X.17)

3 Livewithaprotector,monks,andnotwithoutaprotector.Hesuffers,onewho liveswithoutaprotector.Andthesetenarequalitiescreatingaprotector.Which ten? Thereisthecasewhereamonkisvirtuous.Hedwellsrestrainedin accordancewiththePatimokkha,consummateinhisbehavior&sphereof activity.Hetrainshimself,havingundertakenthetrainingrules,seeingdanger intheslightestfaults.Andthefactthatheisvirtuousseeingdangerinthe slightestfaults,isaqualitycreatingaprotector. Thenagain,themonkhasheardmuch,hasretainedwhathehasheard,has storedwhathehasheard.Whateverteachingsareadmirableinthebeginning, admirableinthemiddle,admirableintheend,thatintheirmeaningand expressionproclaimtheholylifethatisentirelycompleteandpure:thosehe haslistenedtooften,retained,discussed,accumulated,examinedwithhismind, &wellpenetratedintermsofhisviews.Andthefactthathehasheardmuch wellpenetratedintermsofhisviews,isaqualitycreatingaprotector. Thenagain,themonkhasadmirablefriends,admirablecomrades, admirablecompanions.Andthefactthathehasadmirablefriends,admirable comrades,admirablecompanionsisaqualitycreatingaprotector. Thenagain,themonkiseasytospeakto,endowedwithqualitiesthatmake himeasytospeakto,patient,respectfultoinstruction.Andthefactthatheis easytospeaktorespectfultoinstruction,isaqualitycreatingaprotector. Thenagain,themonkisadeptatthevariousaffairsinvolvinghisfellowsin theholylife;isvigorous,quickwittedinthetechniquesinvolvedinthem,isup todoingthemorarrangingtogetthemdone.Andthefactthatheisadeptat doingthemorarrangingtogetthemdoneisaqualitycreatingaprotector. Thenagain,themonkisonewhodesirestheDhamma,endearinginhis conversation,greatlyrejoicinginthehigherDhamma&higherDiscipline.And thefactthatheisonewhodesirestheDhamma,endearinginhisconversation, greatlyrejoicinginthehigherDhamma&higherDiscipline,isaqualitycreating aprotector. Thenagain,themonkkeepshispersistencearousedforabandoning unskillfulqualitiesandfortakingonskillfulqualities.Heissteadfast,solidinhis effort,notshirkinghisdutieswithregardtoskillfulqualities.Andthefactthat hekeepshispersistencearousednotshirkinghisdutieswithregardtoskillful qualities,isaqualitycreatingaprotector. Thenagain,themonkiscontentwithanyoldrobeclothatall,anyoldalms food,anyoldlodging,anyoldmedicinalrequisitesforcuringsicknessatall.And

4 thefactthatheiscontentwithanyoldrobeclothatall,anyoldalmsfood,any oldlodging,anyoldmedicinalrequisitesforcuringsicknessatall,isaquality creatingaprotector. Thenagain,themonkismindful,highlymeticulous,remembering&ableto calltomindeventhingsthatweredone&saidlongago.Andthefactthatheis mindful,highlymeticulous,remembering&abletocalltomindeventhingsthat weredone&saidlongago,isaqualitycreatingaprotector. Thenagain,themonkisdiscerning,endowedwithdiscernmentofarising& passingawaynoble,penetrating,leadingtotherightendingofstress.Andthe factthatthemonkisdiscerning,endowedwithdiscernmentofarising&passing awaynoble,penetrating,leadingtotherightendingofstress,isaquality creatingaprotector. Livewithaprotector,monks,andnotwithoutaprotector.Hesuffers,one wholiveswithoutaprotector.Thesearethetenqualitiescreatingaprotector.

Cunda CundaSutta(X.24) OnoneoccasionVen.MahaCundawasstayingamongtheCetisatSahajati.Therehe addressedthemonks,Monks,myfriends. Yes,friend,themonksresponded. Ven.MahaCundasaidthis:Whenamonkutterswordsaboutknowing,saying,I knowthisDhamma;IseethisDhamma,butheremainswithhismindconqueredby greed,hismindconqueredbyaversion,delusion,anger,hostility,hypocrisy,spite, selfishness,evilenvy,orevillonging,thenitshouldbeknownofhimthat,This venerableonedoesnotdiscernhowitisthat,whenonediscerns,greeddoesnotcome intobeing,whichiswhyheremainswithhismindconqueredbygreed.Thisvenerable onedoesnotdiscernhowitisthat,whenonediscerns,aversiondelusionanger hostilityhypocrisyspiteselfishnessevilenvyevillongingdoesnotcome intobeing,whichiswhyheremainswithhismindconqueredbyevillonging. Whenamonkutterswordsaboutdeveloping,saying,Iamdevelopedinbodily action,developedinvirtue,developedinmind,developedindiscernment,buthe remainswithhismindconqueredbygreed,hismindconqueredbyaversion,delusion, anger,hostility,hypocrisy,spite,selfishness,evilenvy,orevillonging,thenitshouldbe knownofhimthat,Thisvenerableonedoesnotdiscernhowitisthat,whenone

5 discerns,greeddoesnotcomeintobeing,whichiswhyheremainswithhismind conqueredbygreed.Thisvenerableonedoesnotdiscernhowitisthat,whenone discerns,aversiondelusionangerhostilityhypocrisyspiteselfishness evilenvyevillongingdoesnotcomeintobeing,whichiswhyheremainswithhis mindconqueredbyevillonging. Whenamonkutterswordsaboutknowing&developing,saying,Iknowthis Dhamma;IseethisDhamma;Iamdevelopedinbodilyaction,developedinvirtue, developedinmind,developedindiscernment,butheremainswithhismind conqueredbygreed,hismindconqueredbyaversion,delusion,anger,hostility, hypocrisy,spite,selfishness,evilenvy,orevillonging,thenitshouldbeknownofhim that,Thisvenerableonedoesnotdiscernhowitisthat,whenonediscerns,greeddoes notcomeintobeing,whichiswhyheremainswithhismindconqueredbygreed.This venerableonedoesnotdiscernhowitisthat,whenonediscerns,aversiondelusion angerhostilityhypocrisyspiteselfishnessevilenvyevillonging doesnotcomeintobeing,whichiswhyheremainswithhismindconqueredbyevil longing. Itsjustasifaperson,thoughpoor,weretotalkaboutriches,orapersonwithout wealthweretotalkaboutwealth,orapersonwithoutpropertyweretotalkabout property,andthenwhentherearoseonesituationoranothercallingforwealthandhe wouldnotbeabletocomeforthwithwealthorcommoditiesorsilverorgold,thenthey wouldknowabouthimthat,Thisvenerableone,thoughpoor,talksaboutriches; withoutwealth,hetalksaboutwealth;withoutproperty,hetalksaboutproperty.How doweknowthat?Becausewhentherearisesasituationcallingforwealth,hecant comeforthwithwealthorcommoditiesorsilverorgold. Inthesameway,whenamonkutterswordsaboutknowingaboutdeveloping aboutknowing&developing,saying,IknowthisDhamma;IseethisDhamma;Iam developedinbodilyaction,developedinvirtue,developedinmind,developedin discernment,butheremainswithhismindconqueredbygreed,hismindconquered byaversion,delusion,anger,hostility,hypocrisy,spite,selfishness,evilenvy,orevil longing,thenitshouldbeknownofhimthat,Thisvenerableonedoesnotdiscernhow itisthat,whenonediscerns,greeddoesnotcomeintobeing,whichiswhyheremains withhismindconqueredbygreed.Thisvenerableonedoesnotdiscernhowitisthat, whenonediscerns,aversiondelusionangerhostilityhypocrisyspite selfishnessevilenvyevillongingdoesnotcomeintobeing,whichiswhyhe remainswithhismindconqueredbyevillonging. Butwhenamonkutterswordsaboutknowingaboutdevelopingabout knowing&developing,saying,IknowthisDhamma;IseethisDhamma;Iam

6 developedinbodilyaction,developedinvirtue,developedinmind,developedin discernment,andheremainswithhismindnotconqueredbygreed,hismindnot conqueredbyaversion,delusion,anger,hostility,hypocrisy,spite,selfishness,evil envy,orevillonging,thenitshouldbeknownofhimthat,Thisvenerableonediscerns howitisthat,whenonediscerns,greeddoesnotcomeintobeing,whichiswhyhe remainswithhismindnotconqueredbygreed.Thisvenerableonediscernshowitis that,whenonediscerns,aversiondelusionangerhostilityhypocrisyspite selfishnessevilenvyevillongingdoesnotcomeintobeing,whichiswhyhe remainswithhismindnotconqueredbyevillonging. Itsjustasifarichpersonweretotalkaboutriches,orawealthypersonwereto talkaboutwealth,orapropertiedpersonweretotalkaboutproperty,andthenwhen therearoseonesituationoranothercallingforwealthandhewouldbeabletocome forthwithwealthorcommoditiesorsilverorgold,thentheywouldknowabouthim that,Thisvenerableone,beingrich,talksaboutriches;beingwealthy,hetalksabout wealth;beingpropertied,hetalksaboutproperty.Howdoweknowthat?Because whentherearisesasituationcallingforwealth,hecancomeforthwithwealthor commoditiesorsilverorgold. Inthesameway,whenamonkutterswordsaboutknowingaboutdeveloping aboutknowing&developing,saying,IknowthisDhamma;IseethisDhamma;Iam developedinbodilyaction,developedinvirtue,developedinmind,developedin discernment,andheremainswithhismindnotconqueredbygreed,hismindnot conqueredbyaversion,delusion,anger,hostility,hypocrisy,spite,selfishness,evil envy,orevillonging,thenitshouldbeknownofhimthat,Thisvenerableonediscerns howitisthat,whenonediscerns,greeddoesnotcomeintobeing,whichiswhyhe remainswithhismindnotconqueredbygreed.Thisvenerableonediscernshowitis that,whenonediscerns,aversiondelusionangerhostilityhypocrisyspite selfishnessevilenvyevillongingdoesnotcomeintobeing,whichiswhyhe remainswithhismindnotconqueredbyevillonging. Seealso:MN95

TotheSakyans(ontheUposatha) SakkaSutta(X.47)

7 OnoneoccasiontheBlessedOnewasstayingnearKapilavatthuattheBanyan Park.ThenmanySakyanlayfollowers,itbeingtheUposathaday,wenttothe BlessedOne.Onarrival,havingboweddowntohim,theysattooneside.As theyweresittingthere,theBlessedOnesaidtothem,Sakyans,doyouobserve theeightfactoreduposatha? Sometimeswedo,lord,andsometimeswedont. Itsnogainforyou,Sakyans.Itsillgotten,thatinthislifesoendangered bygrief,inthislifesoendangeredbydeath,yousometimesobservetheeight factoreduposathaandsometimesdont. Whatdoyouthink,Sakyans.Supposeaman,bysomeprofessionorother, withoutencounteringanunskillfulday,weretoearnahalfkahapana.Wouldhe deservetobecalledacapableman,fullofinitiative? Yes,lord. Supposeaman,bysomeprofessionorother,withoutencounteringan unskillfulday,weretoearnakahapanatwokahapanasthreefour.five sixseveneightninetentwentythirtyfortyfiftyonehundred kahapanas.Wouldhedeservetobecalledacapableman,fullofinitiative? Yes,lord. Nowwhatdoyouthink:earningonehundred,onethousandkahapanasa day;savinguphisgains,livingforonehundredyears,wouldamanarriveata greatmassofwealth? Yes,lord. Nowwhatdoyouthink:wouldthatman,becauseofthatwealth,on accountofthatwealth,withthatwealthasthecause,livesensitivetounalloyed blissforaday,anight,halfaday,orhalfanight? No,lord.Andwhyisthat?Sensualpleasuresareinconstant,hollow,false, deceptivebynature. Now,Sakyans,thereisthecasewhereadiscipleofmine,spendingten yearspracticingasIhaveinstructed,wouldlivesensitivetounalloyedblissfora hundredyears,ahundredcenturies,ahundredmillenia.Andhewouldbea oncereturner,anonreturner,orattheveryleastastreamwinner. Letalonetenyears,thereisthecasewhereadiscipleofmine,spendingnine yearseightyearssevensixfivefourthreetwoyearsoneyear practicingasIhaveinstructed,wouldlivesensitivetounalloyedblissfora hundredyears,ahundredcenturies,ahundredmillenia.Andhewouldbea oncereturner,anonreturner,orattheveryleastastreamwinner.

8 Letaloneoneyear,thereisthecasewhereadiscipleofmine,spendingten monthsninemonthseightmonthssevensixfivefourthreetwo monthsonemonthhalfamonthpracticingasIhaveinstructed,wouldlive sensitivetounalloyedblissforahundredyears,ahundredcenturies,ahundred millenia.Andhewouldbeaoncereturner,anonreturner,orattheveryleasta streamwinner. Letalonehalfamonth,thereisthecasewhereadiscipleofmine,spending tendays&nightsninedays&nightseightsevensixfivefourthree twodays&nightsoneday&nightpracticingasIhaveinstructed,would livesensitivetounalloyedblissforahundredyears,ahundredcenturies,a hundredmillenia.Andhewouldbeaoncereturner,anonreturner,oratthe veryleastastreamwinner. Itsnogainforyou,Sakyans.Itsillgotten,thatinthislifesoendangered bygrief,inthislifesoendangeredbydeath,yousometimesobservetheeight factoreduposathaandsometimesdont. Thenfromthisdayforward,lord,wewillobservetheeightfactored uposatha.

TenThings DasaDhammaSutta(X.48) Therearethesetenthingsthatapersongoneforthshouldreflectonoften. Whichten? Ihavebecomecasteless:apersongoneforthshouldoftenreflectonthis. Mylifeisdependentonothers. Mybehaviorshouldbedifferent[fromthatofhouseholders]. CanIfaultmyselfwithregardtomyvirtue?. Canmyknowledgeablefellowsintheholylife,oncloseexamination,fault mewithregardtomyvirtue?. Iwillgrowdifferent,separatefromallthatisdear&appealingtome.... Iamtheownerofmyactions(kamma),heirtomyactions,bornofmy actions,relatedthroughmyactions,andhavemyactionsasmyarbitrator. WhateverIdo,forgoodorforevil,tothatwillIfallheir.... WhatamIbecomingasthedays&nightsflypast?. DoIdelightinanemptydwelling?.

9 HaveIattainedasuperiorhumanattainment,atrulynobledistinctionof knowledge&vision,suchthatwhenmyfellowsintheholylifequestionmein thelastdaysofmylifeIwontfeelabashed?:apersongoneforthshould oftenreflectonthis. Thesearethetenthingsthatapersongoneforthshouldreflectonoften.

OnesOwnMind SacittaSutta(X.51) IhaveheardthatononeoccasiontheBlessedOnewasstayingnearSavatthi,in JetasGrove,Anathapindikasmonastery.Thereheaddressedthemonks: Monks! Yes,lord,themonksresponded. TheBlessedOnesaid:Evenifamonkisnotskilledinthewaysoftheminds ofothers(notskilledinreadingthemindsofothers),heshouldtrainhimself:I willbeskilledinreadingmyownmind. Andhowisamonkskilledinreadinghisownmind?Imagineayoung womanormanfondofadornment,examiningtheimageofherownfaceina bright,cleanmirrororbowlofclearwater:Ifshesawanydirtorblemishthere, shewouldtrytoremoveit.Ifshesawnodirtorblemishthere,shewouldbe pleased,herresolvesfulfilled:HowfortunateIam!HowcleanIam!Inthe sameway,amonksselfexaminationisveryproductiveintermsofskillful qualities[ifheconductsitinthisway]:DoIusuallyremaincovetousornot? Withthoughtsofillwillornot?Overcomebysloth&drowsinessornot?Restless ornot?Uncertainorgonebeyonduncertainty?Angryornot?Withsoiled thoughtsorunsoiledthoughts?Withmybodyarousedorunaroused?Lazyor withpersistencearoused?Unconcentratedorconcentrated? If,onexamination,amonkknows,Iusuallyremaincovetous,with thoughtsofillwill,overcomebysloth&drowsiness,restless,uncertain,angry, withsoiledthoughts,withmybodyaroused,lazy,orunconcentrated,thenhe shouldputforthextradesire,effort,diligence,endeavor,undividedmindfulness, &alertnessfortheabandoningofthoseverysameevil,unskillfulqualities.Just aswhenapersonwhoseturbanorheadwasonfirewouldputforthextradesire, effort,diligence,endeavor,undividedmindfulness,&alertnesstoputoutthefire onhisturbanorhead;inthesameway,themonkshouldputforthextradesire,

1 0 effort,diligence,endeavor,undividedmindfulness,&alertnessforthe abandoningofthoseverysameevil,unskillfulqualities. Butif,onexamination,amonkknows,Iusuallyremainuncovetous, withoutthoughtsofillwill,freeofsloth&drowsiness,notrestless,gonebeyond uncertainty,notangry,withunsoiledthoughts,withmybodyunaroused,with persistencearoused,&concentrated,thenhisdutyistomakeaneffortin establishing(tuning)thoseverysameskillfulqualitiestoahigherdegreefor theendingoftheeffluents.

ToGirimananda GirimanandaSutta(X.60) IhaveheardthatononeoccasiontheBlessedOnewasstayingnearSavatthi,in JetasGrove,Anathapindikasmonastery.AndonthatoccasionVen. Girimanandawasdiseased,inpain,severelyill.ThenVen.Anandawenttothe BlessedOneand,onarrival,havingboweddowntohim,sattooneside.Ashe wassittingtherehesaidtotheBlessedOne,Lord,Ven.Girimanandais diseased,inpain,severelyill.ItwouldbegoodiftheBlessedOnewouldvisit Ven.Girimananda,outofsympathyforhim. Ananda,ifyougotothemonkGirimanandaandtellhimtenperceptions, itspossiblethatwhenhehearsthetenperceptionshisdiseasemaybeallayed. Whichten?Theperceptionofinconstancy,theperceptionofnotself,the perceptionofunattractiveness,theperceptionofdrawbacks,theperceptionof abandoning,theperceptionofdispassion,theperceptionofcessation,the perceptionofdistasteforeveryworld,theperceptionoftheundesirabilityofall fabrications,mindfulnessofin&outbreathing. [1]Andwhatistheperceptionofinconstancy?Thereisthecasewherea monkhavinggonetothewilderness,totheshadeofatree,ortoanempty buildingreflectsthus:Formisinconstant,feelingisinconstant,perceptionis inconstant,fabricationsareinconstant,consciousnessisinconstant.Thushe remainsfocusedoninconstancywithregardtothefiveaggregates.This, Ananda,iscalledtheperceptionofinconstancy. [2]Andwhatistheperceptionofnotself?Thereisthecasewherea monkhavinggonetothewilderness,totheshadeofatree,ortoanempty buildingreflectsthus:Theeyeisnotself;formsarenotself.Theearisnot

1 1 self;soundsarenotself.Thenoseisnotself;aromasarenotself.Thetongueis notself;flavorsarenotself.Thebodyisnotself;tactilesensationsarenotself. Theintellectisnotself;ideasarenotself.Thusheremainsfocusedonnot selfnesswithregardtothesixinner&outersensemedia.Thisiscalledthe perceptionofnotself. [3]Andwhatistheperceptionofunattractiveness?Thereisthecasewhere amonkpondersthisverybodyfromthesolesofthefeetonup,fromthecrown oftheheadondown,surroundedbyskin,filledwithallsortsofuncleanthings: Thereisinthisbody:hairofthehead,hairofthebody,nails,teeth,skin, muscle,tendons,bones,bonemarrow,spleen,heart,liver,membranes,kidneys, lungs,largeintestines,smallintestines,gorge,feces,gall,phlegm,lymph,blood, sweat,fat,tears,oil,saliva,mucus,oilinthejoints,urine.Thusheremains focusedonunattractivenesswithregardtothisverybody.Thisiscalledthe perceptionofunattractiveness. [4]Andwhatistheperceptionofdrawbacks?Thereisthecasewherea monkhavinggonetothewilderness,tothefootofatree,ortoanempty dwellingreflectsthus:Thisbodyhasmanypains,manydrawbacks.Inthis bodymanykindsofdiseasearise,suchas:seeingdiseases,hearingdiseases, nosediseases,tonguediseases,bodydiseases,headdiseases,eardiseases, mouthdiseases,teethdiseases,cough,asthma,catarrh,fever,aging,stomach ache,fainting,dysentery,grippe,cholera,leprosy,boils,ringworm,tuberculosis, epilepsy,skindiseases,itch,scab,psoriasis,scabies,jaundice,diabetes, hemorrhoids,fistulas,ulcers;diseasesarisingfrombile,fromphlegm,fromthe windproperty,fromcombinationsofbodilyhumors,fromchangesinthe weather,fromunevencareofthebody,fromattacks,fromtheresultofkamma; cold,heat,hunger,thirst,defecation,urination.Thusheremainsfocusedon drawbackswithregardtothisbody.Thisiscalledtheperceptionofdrawbacks. [5]Andwhatistheperceptionofabandoning?Thereisthecasewherea monkdoesnottolerateanarisenthoughtofsensuality.Heabandonsit,destroys it,dispelsit,&wipesitoutofexistence.Hedoesnottolerateanarisenthoughtof illwill.Heabandonsit,destroysit,dispelsit,&wipesitoutofexistence.He doesnottolerateanarisenthoughtofharmfulness.Heabandonsit,destroysit, dispelsit,&wipesitoutofexistence.Hedoesnottoleratearisenevil,unskillful mentalqualities.Heabandonsthem,destroysthem,dispelsthem,&wipesthem outofexistence.Thisiscalledtheperceptionofabandoning. [6]Andwhatistheperceptionofdispassion?Thereisthecasewherea monkhavinggonetothewilderness,totheshadeofatree,ortoanempty

1 2 buildingreflectsthus:Thisispeace,thisisexquisitethestillingofall fabrications,therelinquishmentofallacquisitions,theendingofcraving, dispassion,Unbinding.Thisiscalledtheperceptionofdispassion. [7]Andwhatistheperceptionofcessation?Thereisthecasewherea monkhavinggonetothewilderness,totheshadeofatree,ortoanempty buildingreflectsthus:Thisispeace,thisisexquisitethestillingofall fabrications,therelinquishmentofallacquisitions,theendingofcraving, cessation,Unbinding.Thisiscalledtheperceptionofcessation. [8]Andwhatistheperceptionofdistasteforeveryworld?Thereisthecase whereamonkabandoninganyattachments,clingings,fixationsofawareness, biases,orobsessionswithregardtoanyworld,refrainsfromthemanddoesnot getinvolved.Thisiscalledtheperceptionofdistasteforeveryworld. [9]Andwhatistheperceptionoftheundesirabilityofallfabrications? Thereisthecasewhereamonkfeelshorrified,humiliated,&disgustedwithall fabrications.Thisiscalledtheperceptionoftheundesirabilityofallfabrications. [10]Andwhatismindfulnessofin&outbreathing?[1]Thereisthecase whereamonkhavinggonetothewilderness,totheshadeofatree,ortoan emptybuildingsitsdownfoldinghislegscrosswise,holdinghisbodyerect, andsettingmindfulnesstothefore.Alwaysmindful,hebreathesin;mindfulhe breathesout. [i]Breathinginlong,hediscernsthatheisbreathinginlong;orbreathing outlong,hediscernsthatheisbreathingoutlong.[ii]Orbreathinginshort,he discernsthatheisbreathinginshort;orbreathingoutshort,hediscernsthatheis breathingoutshort.[iii]Hetrainshimselftobreatheinsensitivetotheentire body,andtobreatheoutsensitivetotheentirebody.[iv]Hetrainshimselfto breatheincalmingbodilyfabrication,andtobreatheoutcalmingbodily fabrication. [v]Hetrainshimselftobreatheinsensitivetorapture,andtobreatheout sensitivetorapture.[vi]Hetrainshimselftobreatheinsensitivetopleasure,and tobreatheoutsensitivetopleasure.[vii]Hetrainshimselftobreatheinsensitive tomentalfabrication,andtobreatheoutsensitivetomentalfabrication.[viii]He trainshimselftobreatheincalmingmentalfabrication,andtobreatheout calmingmentalfabrication. [ix]Hetrainshimselftobreatheinsensitivetothemind,andtobreatheout sensitivetothemind.[x]Hetrainshimselftobreatheinsatisfyingthemind,and tobreatheoutsatisfyingthemind.[xi]Hetrainshimselftobreatheinsteadying

1 3 themind,andtobreatheoutsteadyingthemind.[xii]Hetrainshimselfto breatheinreleasingthemind,andtobreatheoutreleasingthemind. [xiii]Hetrainshimselftobreatheinfocusingoninconstancy,andtobreathe outfocusingoninconstancy.[xiv]Hetrainshimselftobreatheinfocusingon dispassion[literally,fading],andtobreatheoutfocusingondispassion.[xv]He trainshimselftobreatheinfocusingoncessation,andtobreatheoutfocusingon cessation.[xvi]Hetrainshimselftobreatheinfocusingonrelinquishment,andto breatheoutfocusingonrelinquishment. This,Ananda,iscalledmindfulnessofin&outbreathing. Now,Ananda,ifyougotothemonkGirimanandaandtellhimtheseten perceptions,itspossiblethatwhenhehearsthesetenperceptionshisdisease maybeallayed. ThenVen.Ananda,havinglearnedthesetenperceptionsintheBlessed Onespresence,wenttoVen.Girimanandaandtoldthemtohim.AsVen. Girimanandaheardthesetenperceptions,hisdiseasewasallayed.AndVen. Girimanandarecoveredfromhisdisease.ThatwashowVen.Girimanandas diseasewasabandoned. NOTE:1.Fornotesonthissection,seethenotestoMN118.

TopicsofConversation KathavatthuSutta(X.69) IhaveheardthatononeoccasiontheBlessedOnewasstayinginSavatthiat JetasGrove,Anathapindikasmonastery.Nowatthattimealargenumberof monks,afterthemeal,onreturningfromtheiralmsround,hadgatheredatthe meetinghallandwereengagedinmanykindsofbestialtopicsofconversation: conversationaboutkings,robbers,&ministersofstate;armies,alarms,&battles; food&drink;clothing,furniture,garlands,&scents;relatives;vehicles;villages, town,cities,thecountryside;women&heroes;thegossipofthestreet&thewell; talksofthedead;talesofdiversity,thecreationoftheworld&ofthesea;talkof whetherthingsexistornot. ThentheBlessedOne,emergingfromhisseclusioninthelateafternoon,went tothemeetinghalland,onarrival,satdownonaseatmadeready.Ashesat downthere,headdressedthemonks:Forwhattopicofconversationareyou

1 4 gatheredtogetherhere?Inthemidstofwhattopicofconversationhaveyoubeen interrupted? Justnow,lord,afterthemeal,onreturningfromouralmsround,we gatheredatthemeetinghallandgotengagedinmanykindsofbestialtopicsof conversation:conversationaboutkings,robbers,&ministersofstate;armies, alarms,&battles;food&drink;clothing,furniture,garlands,&scents;relatives; vehicles;villages,town,cities,thecountryside;women&heroes;thegossipof thestreet&thewell;talksofthedead;talesofdiversity,thecreationoftheworld &ofthesea;talkofwhetherthingsexistornot. Itisntright,monks,thatsonsofgoodfamilies,onhavinggoneforthoutof faithfromhometothehomelesslife,shouldgetengagedinsuchtopicsof conversation,i.e.,conversationaboutkings,robbers,&ministersofstate...talk ofwhetherthingsexistornot. Therearethesetentopicsof[proper]conversation.Whichten?Talkon modesty,contentment,seclusion,nonentanglement,arousingpersistence, virtue,concentration,discernment,release,andtheknowledge&visionof release.Thesearethetentopicsofconversation.Ifyouweretoengage repeatedlyinthesetentopicsofconversation,youwouldoutshineeventhesun &moon,somighty,sopowerfultosaynothingofthewanderersofother sects. Seealso:Ud2.2;ANVIII.30;ANVIII.53;ANIX.1

Wishes AkankhaSutta(ANX.71) Thisdiscourseliststenreasons,ofascendingworth,forperfectingthepreceptsand beingcommittedtothedevelopmentofcalm(samatha)andinsight(vipassana).An interestingfeatureofthisdiscussionisthattheBuddhadoesnotseparateinsightand jhanaintoseparatepathsofpractice,andactuallycitesinsight,togetherwithtranquility, asaprerequisiteformasteringthefourjhanas. OnoneoccasiontheBlessedOnewasstayingnearSavatthiinJetasGrove, Anathapindikasmonastery.Thereheaddressedthemonks,Monks! Yes,lord,themonksresponded.

1 5 TheBlessedOnesaid:Monks,dwellconsummateinvirtue,consummatein termsofthePatimokkha.DwellrestrainedinaccordancewiththePatimokkha, consummateinyourbehavior&sphereofactivity.Trainyourselves,having undertakenthetrainingrules,seeingdangerintheslightestfaults. [1]Ifamonkwouldwish,MayIbedear&pleasingtomyfellowsinthe holylife,respectedby&inspiringtothem,thenheshouldbeonewhobrings thepreceptstoperfection,whoiscommittedtomentalcalm,whodoesnot neglectjhana,whoisendowedwithinsight,andwhofrequentsemptydwellings. [2]Ifamonkwouldwish,MayIbesomeonewhoreceivesrobes,alms food,lodgings,&medicinalrequisitesforcuringthesick,thenheshouldbe onewhobringsthepreceptstoperfection,whoiscommittedtomentalcalm, whodoesnotneglectjhana,whoisendowedwithinsight,andwhofrequents emptydwellings. [3]Ifamonkwouldwish,WhateverIuseorconsumeintermsofrobes, almsfood,lodgings,&medicalrequisitesforcuringthesick,maythatbeofgreat fruit,ofgreatbenefittothosewhoprovidedthem,thenheshouldbeonewho bringsthepreceptstoperfection,whoiscommittedtomentalcalm,whodoes notneglectjhana,whoisendowedwithinsight,andwhofrequentsempty dwellings. [4]Ifamonkwouldwish,Mayitalsobeofgreatfruit,ofgreatbenefit,to whateverdeadrelativesthey[thedonors]recollectwithbrightenedminds, thenheshouldbeonewhobringsthepreceptstoperfection,whoiscommitted tomentalcalm,whodoesnotneglectjhana,whoisendowedwithinsight,and whofrequentsemptydwellings. [5]Ifamonkwouldwish,MayIbecontentwithwhateverrobes,alms food,lodgings,&medicalrequisitesforcuringthesickareavailable,thenhe shouldbeonewhobringsthepreceptstoperfection,whoiscommittedtomental calm,whodoesnotneglectjhana,whoisendowedwithinsight,andwho frequentsemptydwellings. [6]Ifamonkwouldwish,MayIberesistanttocold,heat,hunger,& thirst;tothetouchofgadflies&mosquitoes,wind&sun&creepingthings;to abusive,hurtfullanguage;tobodilyfeelingsthat,whentheyarise,arepainful, sharp,stabbing,fierce,distasteful,deadly,thenheshouldbeonewhobrings thepreceptstoperfection,whoiscommittedtomentalcalm,whodoesnot neglectjhana,whoisendowedwithinsight,andwhofrequentsemptydwellings. [7]Ifamonkwouldwish,MayIovercomedispleasure,andnotbe overcomebydispleasure.MayIdwellhavingconqueredanydispleasurethat

1 6 hasarisen,thenheshouldbeonewhobringsthepreceptstoperfection,whois committedtomentalcalm,whodoesnotneglectjhana,whoisendowedwith insight,andwhofrequentsemptydwellings. [8]Ifamonkwouldwish,MayIovercomefear&dread,andnotbe overcomebyfear&dread.MayIdwellhavingconqueredanyfear&dreadthat havearisen,thenheshouldbeonewhobringsthepreceptstoperfection,who iscommittedtomentalcalm,whodoesnotneglectjhana,whoisendowedwith insight,andwhofrequentsemptydwellings. [9]Ifamonkwouldwish,MayIattainwheneverIwant,withoutstrain, withoutdifficultythefourjhanasthatareheightenedmentalstates,pleasant abidingsinthehere&now,thenheshouldbeonewhobringsthepreceptsto perfection,whoiscommittedtomentalcalm,whodoesnotneglectjhana,whois endowedwithinsight,andwhofrequentsemptydwellings. [10]Ifamonkwouldwish,MayIwiththeendingofmental fermentationsremaininthefermentationfreeawarenessrelease& discernmentrelease,havingdirectlyknown&realizedthemformyselfrightin thehere&now,thenheshouldbeonewhobringsthepreceptstoperfection, whoiscommittedtomentalcalm,whodoesnotneglectjhana,whoisendowed withinsight,andwhofrequentsemptydwellings. Monks,dwellconsummateinvirtue,consummateintermsofthe Patimokkha.DwellrestrainedinaccordancewiththePatimokkha,consummate inyourbehavior&sphereofactivity.Trainyourselves,havingundertakenthe trainingrules,seeingdangerintheslightestfaults.Thuswasitsaid.Andin referencetothiswasitsaid. Seealso:ANIV.28 Hatred AghataSutta(X.80) Therearethesetenwaysofsubduinghatred.Whichten? [1]Thinking,Hehasdonemeharm.ButwhatshouldIexpect?one subdueshatred. [2]Thinking,Heisdoingmeharm.ButwhatshouldIexpect?one subdueshatred.

1 7 [3]Thinking,Heisgoingtodomeharm.ButwhatshouldIexpect?one subdueshatred. [4]Thinking,Hehasdoneharmtopeoplewhoaredear&pleasingtome. ButwhatshouldIexpect?onesubdueshatred. [5]Thinking,Heisdoingharmtopeoplewhoaredear&pleasingtome. ButwhatshouldIexpect?onesubdueshatred. [6]Thinking,Heisgoingtodoharmtopeoplewhoaredear&pleasingto me.ButwhatshouldIexpect?onesubdueshatred. [7]Thinking,Hehasaidedpeoplewhoarenotdearorpleasingtome.But whatshouldIexpect?onesubdueshatred. [8]Thinking,Heisaidingpeoplewhoarenotdearorpleasingtome.But whatshouldIexpect?onesubdueshatred. [9]Thinking,Heisgoingtoaidpeoplewhoarenotdearorpleasingto me.ButwhatshouldIexpect?onesubdueshatred. [10]Onedoesnotgetworkedupoverimpossibilities. Thesearetenwaysofsubduinghatred.

ToBahuna BahunaSutta(X.81) IhaveheardthatononeoccasiontheBlessedOnewasstayingnearCampa,on theshoreofGaggaraLake.ThenVen.BahunawenttotheBlessedOneand,on arrival,havingboweddowntohim,sattooneside.Ashewassittingtherehe saidtotheBlessedOne:Lord,freed,dissociated,&releasedfromhowmany thingsdoestheTathagatadwellwithunrestrictedawareness? Freed,dissociated,&releasedfromtenthings,Bahuna,theTathagata dwellswithunrestrictedawareness.Whichten?Freed,dissociated,&released fromform,theTathagatadwellswithunrestrictedawareness.Freed,dissociated, &releasedfromfeeling...Freed,dissociated,&releasedfromperception... Freed,dissociated,&releasedfromfabrications...Freed,dissociated,&released fromconsciousness...Freed,dissociated,&releasedfrombirth...Freed, dissociated,&releasedfromaging...Freed,dissociated,&releasedfromdeath... Freed,dissociated,&releasedfromstress...Freed,dissociated,&releasedfrom defilement,theTathagatadwellswithunrestrictedawareness.

1 8 Justasared,blue,orwhitelotusborninthewaterandgrowinginthe water,risesupabovethewaterandstandswithnowateradheringtoit,inthe samewaytheTathagatafreed,dissociated,&releasedfromtheseten thingsdwellswithunrestrictedawareness.

Animosity VeraSutta(X.92) ThenAnathapindikathehouseholderwenttotheBlessedOneand,onarrival,having boweddowntotheBlessedOne,sattooneside.Ashewassitingthere,theBlessedOne saidtohim,When,foradiscipleofthenobleones,fiveformsoffear&animosityare stilled;whenheisendowedwiththefourfactorsofstreamentry;andwhen,through discernment,hehasrightlyseen&rightlyferretedoutthenoblemethod,thenifhe wantshemaystateabouthimself:Hellisended;animalwombsareended;thestateof thehungryshadesisended;statesofdeprivation,destitution,thebadbournsare ended!Iamastreamwinner,steadfast,neveragaindestinedforstatesofwoe,headed forselfawakening! Now,whichfiveformsofdanger&animosityarestilled? Whenapersontakeslife,thenwiththetakingoflifeasarequisitecondition,he producesfear&animosityinthehere&now,producesfear&animosityinfuturelives, experiencesmentalconcomitantsofpain&despair;butwhenherefrainsfromtaking life,heneitherproducesfear&animosityinthehere&nownordoesheproducefear& animosityinfuturelives,nordoesheexperiencementalconcomitantsofpain& despair:foronewhorefrainsfromtakinglife,thatfear&animosityisthusstilled. Whenapersonstealsengagesinillicitsextellslies Whenapersondrinksdistilled&fermenteddrinksthatcauseheedlessness,then withthedrinkingofdistilled&fermenteddrinksthatcauseheedlessnessasarequisite condition,heproducesfear&animosityinthehere&now,producesfear&animosity infuturelives,experiencesmentalconcomitantsofpain&despair;butwhenherefrains fromdrinkingdistilled&fermenteddrinksthatcauseheedlessness,heneither producesfear&animosityinthehere&nownordoesheproducefear&animosityin futurelives,nordoesheexperiencementalconcomitantsofpain&despair:foronewho refrainsfromdrinkingdistilled&fermenteddrinksthatcauseheedlessness,thatfear& animosityisthusstilled. Thesearethefiveformsoffear&animositythatarestilled.

1 9 Andwhicharethefourfactorsofstreamentrywithwhichheisendowed? Thereisthecasewherethediscipleofthenobleonesisendowedwithunwavering faithintheAwakenedOne:Indeed,theBlessedOneisworthy&rightlyself awakened,consummateinknowledge&conduct,wellgone,anexpertwithregardto theworld,unexcelledasatrainerforthosepeoplefittobetamed,theTeacherofdivine &humanbeings,awakened,blessed. HeisendowedwithunwaveringfaithintheDhamma:TheDhammaiswell expoundedbytheBlessedOne,tobeseenhere&now,timeless,invitingverification, pertinent,toberealizedbythewiseforthemselves. HeisendowedwithunwaveringfaithintheSangha:TheSanghaoftheBlessed Onesdiscipleswhohavepracticedwell...whohavepracticedstraightforwardly...who havepracticedmethodically...whohavepracticedmasterfullyinotherwords,thefour pairs,theeightindividuals[1]theyaretheSanghaoftheBlessedOnesdisciples: worthyofgifts,worthyofhospitality,worthyofofferings,worthyofrespect,the incomparablefieldofmeritfortheworld. Heisendowedwithvirtuesthatareappealingtothenobleones:untorn, unbroken,unspotted,unsplattered,liberating,praisedbythewise,untarnished,leading toconcentration. Thesearethefourfactorsofstreamentrywithwhichheisendowed. Andwhichisthenoblemethodthathehasrightlyseen&rightlyferretedout throughdiscernment? Thereisthecasewhereadiscipleofthenobleonesnotices: Whenthisis,thatis. Fromthearisingofthiscomesthearisingofthat. Whenthisisnt,thatisnt. Fromthecessationofthiscomesthecessationofthat. Inotherwords: Fromignoranceasarequisiteconditioncomefabrications. Fromfabricationsasarequisiteconditioncomesconsciousness. Fromconsciousnessasarequisiteconditioncomesname&form. Fromname&formasarequisiteconditioncomethesixsensemedia. Fromthesixsensemediaasarequisiteconditioncomescontact. Fromcontactasarequisiteconditioncomesfeeling. Fromfeelingasarequisiteconditioncomescraving. Fromcravingasarequisiteconditioncomesclinging/sustenance. Fromclinging/sustenanceasarequisiteconditioncomesbecoming. Frombecomingasarequisiteconditioncomesbirth.

2 0 Frombirthasarequisitecondition,thenaging&death,sorrow,lamentation,pain, distress,&despaircomeintoplay.Suchistheoriginationofthisentiremassofstress& suffering. Nowfromtheremainderlessfading&cessationofthatveryignorancecomesthe cessationoffabrications.Fromthecessationoffabricationscomesthecessationof consciousness.Fromthecessationofconsciousnesscomesthecessationofname& form.Fromthecessationofname&formcomesthecessationofthesixsensemedia. Fromthecessationofthesixsensemediacomesthecessationofcontact.Fromthe cessationofcontactcomesthecessationoffeeling.Fromthecessationoffeelingcomes thecessationofcraving.Fromthecessationofcravingcomesthecessationof clinging/sustenance.Fromthecessationofclinging/sustenancecomesthecessationof becoming.Fromthecessationofbecomingcomesthecessationofbirth.Fromthe cessationofbirth,thenaging&death,sorrow,lamentation,pain,distress,&despairall cease.Suchisthecessationofthisentiremassofstress&suffering. Thisisthenoblemethodthathehasrightlyseen&rightlyferretedoutthrough discernment. When,foradiscipleofthenobleones,thesefiveformsoffear&animosityare stilled;whenheisendowedwiththesefourfactorsofstreamentry;andwhen,through discernment,hehasrightlyseen&rightlyferretedoutthisnoblemethod,thenifhe wantshemaystateabouthimself:Hellisended;animalwombsareended;thestateof thehungryshadesisended;statesofdeprivation,destitution,thebadbournsare ended!Iamastreamwinner,steadfast,neveragaindestinedforstatesofwoe,headed forselfawakening! NOTE1.Thefourpairsare(1)thepersononthepathtostreamentry,theperson experiencingthefruitofstreamentry;(2)thepersononthepathtooncereturning,the personexperiencingthefruitofoncereturning;(3)thepersononthepathtonon returning,thepersonexperiencingthefruitofnonreturning;(4)thepersononthepath toarahantship,thepersonexperiencingthefruitofarahantship.Theeightindividuals aretheeighttypesformingthesefourpairs.

Views DitthiSutta(X.93)

2 1 IhaveheardthatononeoccasiontheBlessedOnewasstayingnearSavatthiin JetasGrove,theparkofAnathapindika.ThenAnathapindikathehouseholder leftSavatthiearlyinthemorningtoseetheBlessedOne,butthethoughtthen occurredtohim,NowisnottherighttimetoseetheBlessedOne,forheisin seclusion.Anditisnottherighttimetoseethemonkswhodevelopthemind, fortheyareinseclusion.WhatifIweretovisittheparkofthewanderersofother persuasions?Thenheheadedtotheparkofthewanderersofotherpersuasions werestaying. Nowonthatoccasionthewanderersofotherpersuasionshadcometogether inagatheringandweresitting,discussingmanykindsofchildishtopics,making agreatnoiseandracket.TheysawAnathapindikathehouseholdercomingfrom afar,andonseeinghim,hushedoneanother:Bequiet,goodsirs.Dontmake anynoise.HerecomesAnathapindikathehouseholder,adiscipleofthe contemplativeGotama.HeisoneofthosedisciplesofthecontemplativeGotama, cladinwhite,wholivesinSavatthi.Thesepeoplearefondofquietude,trainedin quietude,andspeakinpraiseofquietude.Maybe,ifheperceivesourgroupas quiet,hewillthinkofcomingourway.Sothewanderersfellsilent. ThenAnathapindikathehouseholderwenttowherethewanderersofother persuasionswerestaying.Onarrivalhegreetedthemcourteously.Afteran exchangeoffriendlygreetings&courtesies,hesatdowntooneside.Ashewas sittingthere,thewandererssaidtohim,Tellus,householder,whatviewsthe contemplativeGotamahas. Venerablesirs,IdontknowentirelywhatviewstheBlessedOnehas. Well,well.Soyoudontknowentirelywhatviewsthecontemplative Gotamahas.Thentelluswhatviewsthemonkshave. Idontevenknowentirelywhatviewsthemonkshave. SoyoudontknowentirelywhatviewsthecontemplativeGotamahasor eventhatthemonkshave.Thentelluswhatviewsyouhave. ItwouldntbedifficultformetoexpoundtoyouwhatviewsIhave.But pleaseletthevenerableonesexpoundeachinlinewithhisposition,andthenit wontbedifficultformetoexpoundtoyouwhatviewsIhave. Whenthishadbeensaid,oneofthewandererssaidtoAnathapindikathe householder,Thecosmosiseternal.Onlythisistrue;anythingotherwiseis worthless.ThisisthesortofviewIhave. AnotherwanderersaidtoAnathapindika,Thecosmosisnoteternal.Onlythis istrue;anythingotherwiseisworthless.ThisisthesortofviewIhave.

2 2 Anotherwanderersaid,Thecosmosisfinite......Thecosmosis infinite......Thesoul&thebodyarethesame......Thesoulisonethingandthe bodyanother......AfterdeathaTathagataexists......AfterdeathaTathagatadoes notexist......AfterdeathaTathagatabothdoes&doesnotexist......Afterdeatha Tathagataneitherdoesnordoesnotexist.Onlythisistrue;anythingotherwiseis worthless.ThisisthesortofviewIhave. Whenthishadbeensaid,Anathapindikathehouseholdersaidtothe wanderers,Asforthevenerableonewhosays,Thecosmosiseternal.Onlythis istrue;anythingotherwiseisworthless.ThisisthesortofviewIhave,hisview arisesfromhisowninappropriateattentionorindependenceonthewordsof another.Nowthisviewhasbeenbroughtintobeing,isfabricated,willed, dependentlyoriginated.Whateverhasbeenbroughtintobeing,isfabricated, willed,dependentlyoriginated,thatisinconstant.Whateverisinconstantis stress.Thisvenerableonethusadherestothatverystress,submitshimselftothat verystress.(Similarlyfortheotherpositions.) Whenthishadbeensaid,thewandererssaidtoAnathapindikathe householder,Wehaveeach&everyoneexpoundedtoyouinlinewithour ownpositions.Nowtelluswhatviewsyouhave. Whateverhasbeenbroughtintobeing,isfabricated,willed,dependently originated,thatisinconstant.Whateverisinconstantisstress.Whateverisstressis notme,isnotwhatIam,isnotmyself.ThisisthesortofviewIhave. So,householder,whateverhasbeenbroughtintobeing,isfabricated, willed,dependentlyoriginated,thatisinconstant.Whateverisinconstantis stress.Youthusadheretothatverystress,submityourselftothatverystress. Venerablesirs,whateverhasbeenbroughtintobeing,isfabricated,willed, dependentlyoriginated,thatisinconstant.Whateverisinconstantisstress. Whateverisstressisnotme,isnotwhatIam,isnotmyself.Havingseenthis wellwithrightdiscernmentasitactuallyispresent,Ialsodiscernthehigher escapefromitasitactuallyispresent. Whenthiswassaid,thewanderersfellsilent,abashed,sittingwiththeir shouldersdrooping,theirheadsdown,brooding,atalossforwords. Anathapindikathehouseholder,perceivingthatthewanderersweresilent, abashed...atalossforwords,gotup&wenttotheBlessedOne.Onarrival, havingboweddowntotheBlessedOne,hesattooneside.Ashewassitting there,hetoldtheBlessedOnetheentiretyofhisconversationwiththe wanderers.

2 3 [TheBlessedOnesaid:]Welldone,householder.Welldone.Thatishowyou shouldperiodically&righteouslyrefutethosefoolishmen.Thenheinstructed, urged,roused,andencouragedAnathapindikathehouseholderwithatalkon Dhamma.WhenAnathapindikathehouseholderhadbeeninstructed,urged, rousedandencouragedbytheBlessedOnewithatalkonDhamma,hegotup fromhisseatand,havingboweddowntotheBlessedOne,left,keepingthe BlessedOneonhisrightside.Notlongafterward,theBlessedOneaddressedthe monks:Monks,evenamonkwhohaslongpenetratedtheDhammainthis DoctrineandDisciplinewoulddowellperiodically&righteouslytorefutethe wanderersofotherpersuasionsinjustthewayAnathapindikathehouseholder hasdone.

AboutVajjiya VajjiyaSutta(X.94) IhaveheardthatononeoccasiontheBlessedOnewasstayingnearCampa,onthe shoreofGaggaraLake.ThenVajjiyaMahitathehouseholderleftCampaearlyinthe morningtoseetheBlessedOne,butthethoughtthenoccurredtohim,Nowisnotthe righttimetoseetheBlessedOne,forheisinseclusion.Anditisnottherighttimetosee themonkswhodevelopthemind,fortheyareinseclusion.WhatifIweretovisitthe parkofthewanderersofotherpersuasions?Thenheheadedtotheparkofthe wanderersofotherpersuasionswerestaying. Nowonthatoccasionthewanderersofotherpersuasionshadcometogetherina gatheringandweresitting,discussingmanykindsofchildishtopics,makingagreat noise&racket.TheysawVajjiyaMahitathehouseholdercomingfromafar,andon seeinghim,hushedoneanother:Bequiet,goodsirs.Dontmakeanynoise.Here comesVajjiyaMahitathehouseholder,adiscipleofthecontemplativeGotama.Heis oneofthosedisciplesofthecontemplativeGotama,cladinwhite,wholivesinSavatthi. Thesepeoplearefondofquietude,trainedinquietude,andspeakinpraiseofquietude. Maybe,ifheperceivesourgroupasquiet,hewillthinkofcomingourway.Sothe wanderersfellsilent. ThenVajjiyaMahitathehouseholderwenttowherethewanderersofother persuasionswerestaying.Onarrivalhegreetedthemcourteously.Afteranexchangeof friendlygreetings&courtesies,hesatdowntooneside.Ashewassittingthere,the wandererssaidtohim,Isittrue,householder,thatthecontemplativeGotamacriticizes

2 4 allasceticism,thathecategoricallydenounces&disparagesallasceticswholivethe roughlife? No,venerablesirs,theBlessedOnedoesnotcriticizeallasceticism,nordoeshe categoricallydenounceordisparageallasceticswholivetheroughlife.TheBlessed Onecriticizeswhatshouldbecriticized,andpraiseswhatshouldbepraised.Criticizing whatshouldbecriticized,praisingwhatshouldbepraised,theBlessedOneisonewho speaksmakingdistinctions,notonewhospeakscategoricallyonthismatter. Whenthiswassaid,oneofthewandererssaidtoVajjiyaMahitathehouseholder, Nowwaitaminute,householder.ThiscontemplativeGotamawhomyoupraiseisa nihilist,onewhodoesntdeclareanything. Itellyou,venerablesirs,thattheBlessedOnerighteouslydeclaresthatThisis skillful.HedeclaresthatThisisunskillful.DeclaringthatThisisskillfulandThisis unskillful,heisonewhohasdeclared[ateaching].Heisnotanihilist,onewhodoesnt declareanything. Whenthiswassaid,thewanderersfellsilent,abashed,sittingwiththeirshoulders drooping,theirheadsdown,brooding,atalossforwords.VajjiyaMahitathe householder,perceivingthatthewanderersweresilent,abashed...atalossforwords, gotup&wenttowenttotheBlessedOne.Onarrival,havingboweddowntothe BlessedOne,hesattooneside.Ashewassittingthere,hetoldtheBlessedOnethe entiretyofhisconversationwiththewanderers. [TheBlessedOnesaid:]Welldone,householder.Welldone.Thatishowyou shouldperiodically&righteouslyrefutethosefoolishmen.Idontsaythatall asceticismistobepursued,nordoIsaythatallasceticismisnottobepursued.Idont saythatallobservancesshouldbeobserved,nordoIdaythatallobservancesshould notbeobserved.Idontsaythatallexertionsaretobepursued,nordoIsaythatall exertionsarenottobepursued.Idontsaythatallforfeitureshouldbeforfeited,nordo Isaythatallforfeitureshouldnotbeforfeited.Idontsaythatallreleaseistobeused forrelease,nordoIsaythatallreleaseisnottobeusedforrelease. If,whenanasceticismispursued,unskillfulqualitiesgrowandskillfulqualities wane,thenItellyouthatthatsortofasceticismisnottobepursued.Butif,whenan asceticismispursued,unskillfulqualitieswaneandskillfulqualitiesgrow,thenItell youthatthatsortofasceticismistobepursued. If,whenanobservanceisobserved,unskillfulqualitiesgrowandskillfulqualities wane,thenItellyouthatthatsortofobservanceisnottobeobserved.Butif,whenan observanceisobserved,unskillfulqualitieswaneandskillfulqualitiesgrow,thenItell youthatthatsortofobservanceistobeobserved. If,whenanexertionispursued.aforfeitureisforfeited

2 5 If,whenareleaseisusedforrelease,unskillfulqualitiesgrowandskillfulqualities wane,thenItellyouthatthatsortofreleaseisnottobeusedforrelease.Butif,whena releaseisusedforrelease,unskillfulqualitieswaneandskillfulqualitiesgrow,thenI tellyouthatthatsortofreleaseistobeusedforrelease. WhenVajjiyaMahitathehouseholderhadbeeninstructed,urged,roused& encouragedbytheBlessedOnewithatalkonDhamma,hegotupfromhisseatand, havingboweddowntotheBlessedOne,left,keepingtheBlessedOneonhisrightside. Notlongafterward,theBlessedOneaddressedthemonks:Monks,evenamonkwho haslongpenetratedtheDhammainthisDoctrine&Disciplinewoulddowell periodically&righteouslytorefutethewanderersofotherpersuasionsinjusttheway VajjiyaMahitathehouseholderhasdone. ToUttiya UttiyaSutta(X.95) ThenUttiyathewandererwenttotheBlessedOneand,onarrival,exchanged courteousgreetingswithhim.Afteranexchangeoffriendlygreetings& courtesies,hesattooneside.Ashewassittingthere,hesaidtotheBlessedOne, MasterGotama,isitthecasethatThecosmosiseternal:Onlythisistrue; anythingotherwiseisworthless? Uttiya,IhaventdeclaredthatThecosmosiseternal:Onlythisistrue; anythingotherwiseisworthless. Verywell,then,MasterGotama,isitthecasethat:Thecosmosisnoteternal: Onlythisistrue;anythingotherwiseisworthless? Uttiya,IhaventdeclaredthatThecosmosisnoteternal:Onlythisistrue; anythingotherwiseisworthless. Verywell,then,MasterGotama,isitthecasethatThecosmosisfinite... ...Thecosmosisinfinite......Thesoul&thebodyarethesame......The soulisonethingandthebodyanother......AfterdeathaTathagataexists...... AfterdeathaTathagatadoesnotexist......AfterdeathaTathagatabothdoes& doesnotexist......AfterdeathaTathagataneitherdoesnordoesnotexist.Only thisistrue;anythingotherwiseisworthless? Uttiya,IhaventdeclaredthatAfterdeathaTathagataneitherdoesnordoes notexist:Onlythisistrue;anythingotherwiseisworthless.

2 6 But,MasterGotama,onbeingasked,IsitthecasethatThecosmosis eternal:Onlythisistrue;anythingotherwiseisworthless?youinformme, Uttiya,IhaventdeclaredthatThecosmosiseternal:Onlythisistrue; anythingotherwiseisworthless.Onbeingasked,IsitthecasethatThe cosmosisnoteternal......Thecosmosisfinite......Thecosmosisinfinite... ...Thesoul&thebodyarethesame......Thesoulisonethingandthebody another......AfterdeathaTathagataexists......AfterdeathaTathagatadoes notexist......AfterdeathaTathagatabothdoes&doesnotexist......After deathaTathagataneitherdoesnordoesnotexist.Onlythisistrue;anything otherwiseisworthless?youinformme,Uttiya,Ihaventdeclaredthat AfterdeathaTathagataneitherdoesnordoesnotexist.Onlythisistrue;anything otherwiseisworthless.Nowisthereanythingyouhavedeclared? Uttiya,havingdirectlyknownit,IteachtheDhammatomydisciplesfor thepurificationofbeings,fortheovercomingofsorrow&lamentation,forthe disappearanceofpain&distress,fortheattainmentoftherightmethod,&for therealizationofUnbinding. And,MasterGotama,whenhavingdirectlyknownit,youteachthe Dhammatoyourdisciplesforthepurificationofbeings,fortheovercomingof sorrow&lamentation,forthedisappearanceofpain&distress,forthe attainmentoftherightmethod,&fortherealizationofUnbinding,willallthe cosmosbeledtorelease,orahalfofit,orathird? Whenthiswassaid,theBlessedOnewassilent. ThenthethoughtoccurredtoVen.Ananda:DontletUttiyathewanderer acquiretheevilviewpointthat,WhenIaskedhimanallencompassing question,Gotamathecontemplativefalteredanddidntreply.Perhapshewas unableto.Thatwouldbeforhislongtermharm&suffering.Sohesaidto Uttiya,Inthatcase,myfriend,Iwillgiveyouananalogy,fortherearecases whereitisthroughtheuseofanalogythatintelligentpeoplecanunderstandthe meaningofwhatisbeingsaid. Supposethattherewerearoyalfrontiercitywithstrongramparts,strong walls&arches,andasinglegate.Initwouldbeawise,competent,& knowledgeablegatekeepertokeepoutthosehedidntknowandtoletinthose hedid.Walkingalongthepathencirclingthecity,hewouldntseeacrackoran openinginthewallsbigenoughforevenacattoslipthrough.Althoughhe wouldntknowthatSoandsomanycreaturesenterorleavethecity,he wouldknowthis:Whateverlargecreaturesenterorleavethecityallenteror leaveitthroughthisgate.

2 7 Inthesameway,theTathagatadoesnotendeavortohaveallthecosmosor halfofitorathirdofitledtoreleasebymeansof[hisDhamma].Buthedoes knowthis:Allthosewhohavebeenled,arebeingled,orwillbeledtorelease fromthecosmoshavedoneso,aredoingso,orwilldosoafterhaving abandonedthefivehindrancesthosedefilementsofawarenessthatweaken discernmenthavingwellestablishedtheirmindsinthefourframesof reference,andhavingdeveloped,astheyactuallyare,thesevenfactorsfor awakening.WhenyouaskedtheBlessedOnethisquestion,youhadalready askeditinanotherway.[1]Thatswhyhedidntrespond. NOTE:1.Thequestionastowhetherallthecosmosoronlyapartofitwould beledtoreleaseisanotherwayofaskingwhetherthecosmosiseternalornot. NoticethatVen.Anandamentionsthosewhohavebeenledtoreleasefromthe cosmos.Hedoesntmentionthecosmosasbeingledtorelease.Forhisuseofthe word,cosmos,here,seeSNXXXV.82.

ToKokanuda(OnViewpoints) KokanudaSutta(X.96) OnoneoccasionVen.AnandawasstayingnearRajagaha,atTapodamonastery. Then,asnightwasending,hegotup&wenttotheTapodaHotSpringstobathe hislimbs.Havingbathedhislimbsandhavinggottenoutofthesprings,hestood wearingonlyhislowerrobe,dryinghislimbs.Kokanudathewanderer,asnight wasending,alsogotup&wenttotheTapodaHotSpringstobathehislimbs.He sawVen.Anandafromafar,andonseeinghimsaidtohim,Whoareyou,my friend? Iamamonk,myfriend. Whichkindofmonk? AsonoftheSakyancontemplative. Iwouldliketoaskyouaboutacertainpoint,ifyouwouldgivemeleaveto poseaquestion. Goaheadandask.Havingheard[yourquestion],Illinformyou. Howisit,myfriend:Thecosmosiseternal.Onlythisistrue;anything otherwiseisworthless.Isthisthesortofviewyouhave? No,myfriend,Idonthavethatsortofview.

2 8 Verywell,then:Thecosmosisnoteternal.Onlythisistrue;anything otherwiseisworthless.Isthisthesortofviewyouhave? No,myfriend,Idonthavethatsortofview. Verywell,then:Thecosmosisfinite......Thecosmosisinfinite...... Thesoul&thebodyarethesame......Thesoulisonethingandthebody another......AfterdeathaTathagataexists......AfterdeathaTathagatadoes notexist......AfterdeathaTathagatabothdoes&doesnotexist......After deathaTathagataneitherdoesnordoesnotexist.Onlythisistrue;anything otherwiseisworthless.Isthisthesortofviewyouhave? No,myfriend,Idonthavethatsortofview. Theninthatcase,doyounotknoworsee? No,myfriend.ItsnotthecasethatIdontknow,Idontsee.Idoknow. Idosee. Butonbeingasked,Howisit,myfriend:Thecosmosiseternal.Onlythis istrue;anythingotherwiseisworthless.Isthisthesortofviewyouhave?you informme,No,myfriend,Idonthavethatsortofview.Onbeingasked, Verywellthen:Thecosmosisnoteternal......Thecosmosisfinite...... Thecosmosisinfinite......Thesoul&thebodyarethesame......Thesoulis onethingandthebodyanother......AfterdeathaTathagataexists......After deathaTathagatadoesnotexist......AfterdeathaTathagatabothdoes&doesnot exist......AfterdeathaTathagataneitherdoesnordoesnotexist.Onlythisistrue; anythingotherwiseisworthless.Isthisthesortofviewyouhave?youinform me,No,myfriend,Idonthavethatsortofview.Butonbeingasked,Then inthatcase,doyounotknow,Idontsee?youinformme,No,myfriend. ItsnotthecasethatIdontknoworsee.Idoknow.Idosee.Now,howis themeaningofthisstatementtobeunderstood? Thecosmosiseternal.Onlythisistrue;anythingotherwiseisworthless,is aviewpoint.Thecosmosisnoteternal......Thecosmosisfinite......The cosmosisinfinite......Thesoul&thebodyarethesame......Thesoulisone thingandthebodyanother......AfterdeathaTathagataexists......Afterdeath aTathagatadoesnotexist......AfterdeathaTathagatabothdoes&doesnotexist... ...AfterdeathaTathagataneitherdoesnordoesnotexist.Onlythisistrue; anythingotherwiseisworthless,isaviewpoint.Theextenttowhichthereare viewpoints,viewstances,thetakingupofviews,obsessionswithviews,the causeofviews,&theuprootingofviews:thatswhatIknow.ThatswhatIsee. Knowingthat,IsayIknow.Seeingthat,IsayIsee.WhyshouldIsayI dontknow,Idontsee?Idoknow.Idosee.

2 9 Whatisyourname,myfriend?Whatdoyourfellowsinthechastelifecall you? MynameisAnanda,myfriend,andthatswhatmyfellowsintheHoly Lifecallme. What?HaveIbeentalkingwiththegreatteacherwithoutrealizingthathe wasVen.Ananda?HadIrecognizedthathewasVen.Ananda,Iwouldnothave crossexaminedhimsomuch.MayVen.Anandapleaseforgiveme.

APurgative VirecanaSutta(X.108)a.k.aTikicchakaSutta Monks,doctorsgiveapurgativeforwardingoffdiseasescausedbybile, diseasescausedbyphlegm,diseasescausedbytheinternalwindproperty.There isapurgingthere;Idontsaythattheresnot,butitsometimessucceedsand sometimesfails.SoIwillteachyouthenoblepurgativethatalwayssucceedsand neverfails,apurgativewherebybeingssubjecttobirtharefreedfrombirth; beingssubjecttoagingarefreedfromaging;beingssubjecttodeatharefreed fromdeath;beingssubjecttosorrow,lamentation,pain,distress&despairare freedfromsorrow,lamentation,pain,distress&despair.Listen&payclose attention.Iwillspeak. Asyousay,lord,themonksresponded. TheBlessedOnesaid:Now,whatisthenoblepurgativethatalways succeedsandneverfails,apurgativewherebybeingssubjecttobirtharefreed frombirth;beingssubjecttoagingarefreedfromaging;beingssubjecttodeath arefreedfromdeath;beingssubjecttosorrow,lamentation,pain,distress& despairarefreedfromsorrow,lamentation,pain,distress&despair? Inonewhohasrightview,wrongviewispurgedaway,andthemanyevil, unskillfulmentalqualitiesthatcomeintoplayindependenceonwrongvieware purgedawayaswell,whilethemanyskillfulmentalqualitiesthatdependon rightviewgototheculminationoftheirdevelopment. Inonewhohasrightresolve,wrongresolveispurgedaway.... Inonewhohasrightspeech,wrongspeechispurgedaway.... Inonewhohasrightaction,wrongactionispurgedaway.... Inonewhohasrightlivelihood,wronglivelihoodispurgedaway.... Inonewhohasrighteffort,wrongeffortispurgedaway....

3 0 Inonewhohasrightmindfulness,wrongmindfulnessispurgedaway.... Inonewhohasrightconcentration,wrongconcentrationispurgedaway.... Inonewhohasrightknowledge,wrongknowledgeispurgedaway.... Inonewhohasrightrelease,wrongreleaseispurgedaway,andthemany evil,unskillfulmentalqualitiesthatcomeintoplayindependenceonwrong releasearepurgedawayaswell,whilethemanyskillfulmentalqualitiesthat dependonrightreleasegototheculminationoftheirdevelopment. This,monks,isthenoblepurgativethatalwayssucceedsandneverfails,a purgativewherebybeingssubjecttobirtharefreedfrombirth;beingssubjectto agingarefreedfromaging;beingssubjecttodeatharefreedfromdeath;beings subjecttosorrow,lamentation,pain,distress&despairarefreedfromsorrow, lamentation,pain,distress&despair.

ToCundatheSilversmith CundaKammaraputtaSutta(X.176) IhaveheardthatononeoccasiontheBlessedOnewasstayingnearPavain Cundathesilversmithsmangogrove.ThenCundathesilversmithwenttothe BlessedOneand,onarrival,havingboweddowntohim,sattooneside.Ashe wassittingthere,theBlessedOnesaidtohim:Cunda,ofwhoseritesof purificationdoyouapprove? ThebrahmansoftheWesternlands,lordthosewhocarrywaterpots,wear garlandsofwaterplants,worshipfire,&purifywithwater:theyhavedeclared purificationritesofwhichIapprove. Andwhatkindofpurificationriteshavetheydeclared,thosebrahmansof theWesternlandswhocarrywaterpots,weargarlandsofwaterplants,worship fire,&purifywithwater? ThereisthecasewherethebrahmansoftheWesternlands...gettheir disciplestoundertaketheirpracticethus:Come,now,mygoodman:Getupat thepropertimefromyourbedandtouchtheearth.Ifyoudonttouchtheearth, touchwetcowdung.Ifyoudonttouchwetcowdung,touchgreengrass.If youdonttouchgreengrass,worshipafire.Ifyoudontworshipafire,pay homagetothesunwithclaspedhands.Ifyoudontpayhomagetothesunwith claspedhands,godownintothewaterthreetimesbynightfall.Thesearethe

3 1 purificationritesdeclaredbythebrahmansoftheWesternlands...ofwhichI approve. Cunda,thepurificationritesdeclaredbythebrahmansoftheWesternlands ...areonething;thepurificationinthedisciplineofthenobleonesissomething elseentirely. Buthowistherepurificationinthedisciplineofthenobleones,venerable sir?ItwouldbegoodiftheBlessedOnewouldteachmehowthereis purificationinthedisciplineofthenobleones. Theninthatcase,Cunda,listen&paycloseattention.Iwillspeak. Asyousay,lord,Cundathesilversmithresponded. TheBlessedOnesaid:Therearethreewaysinwhichoneismadeimpureby bodilyaction,fourwaysinwhichoneismadeimpurebyverbalaction,andthree waysinwhichoneismadeimpurebymentalaction. UNSKILLFULBODILYACTION Andhowisonemadeimpureinthreewaysbybodilyaction?Thereisthe casewhereacertainpersontakeslife,isbrutal,bloodyhanded,devotedto killing&slaying,showingnomercytolivingbeings.Hetakeswhatisnotgiven. Hetakes,inthemannerofathief,thingsinavillageorawildernessthatbelong toothersandhavenotbeengivenbythem.Heengagesinsensualmisconduct. Hegetssexuallyinvolvedwiththosewhoareprotectedbytheirmothers,their fathers,theirbrothers,theirsisters,theirrelatives,ortheirDhamma;thosewith husbands,thosewhoentailpunishments,oreventhosecrownedwithflowersby anotherman.Thisishowoneismadeimpureinthreewaysbybodilyaction. UNSKILLFULVERBALACTION Andhowisonemadeimpureinfourwaysbyverbalaction?Thereisthe casewhereacertainpersonengagesinfalsespeech.Whenhehasbeencalledtoa townmeeting,agroupmeeting,agatheringofhisrelatives,hisguild,orofthe royalty[i.e.,aroyalcourtproceeding],ifheisaskedasawitness,Come&tell, goodman,whatyouknow:Ifhedoesntknow,hesays,Iknow.Ifhedoes know,hesays,Idontknow.Ifhehasntseen,hesays,Ihaveseen.Ifhe hasseen,hesays,Ihaventseen.Thusheconsciouslytellsliesforhisown sake,forthesakeofanother,orforthesakeofacertainreward.Heengagesin divisivespeech.Whathehasheardherehetellstheretobreakthosepeopleapart

3 2 fromthesepeoplehere.Whathehasheardtherehetellsheretobreakthese peopleapartfromthosepeoplethere.Thusbreakingapartthosewhoareunited andstirringupstrifebetweenthosewhohavebrokenapart,heloves factionalism,delightsinfactionalism,enjoysfactionalism,speaksthingsthat createfactionalism.Heengagesinabusivespeech.Hespeakswordsthatare harsh,cutting,bittertoothers,abusiveofothers,provokingangerand destroyingconcentration.Heengagesinidlechatter.Hespeaksoutofseason, speakswhatisntfactual,whatisntinaccordancewiththegoal,theDhamma, &theVinaya,wordsthatarenotworthtreasuring.Thisishowoneismade impureinfourwaysbyverbalaction. UNSKILLFULMENTALACTION Andhowisonemadeimpureinthreewaysbymentalaction?Thereisthe casewhereacertainpersoniscovetous.Hecovetsthebelongingsofothers, thinking,O,thatwhatbelongstootherswouldbemine!Hebearsillwill, corruptintheresolvesofhisheart:Maythesebeingsbekilledorcutapartor crushedordestroyed,ormaytheynotexistatall!Hehaswrongview,is warpedinthewayheseesthings:Thereisnothinggiven,nothingoffered, nothingsacrificed.Thereisnofruitorresultofgoodorbadactions.Thereisno thisworld,nonextworld,nomother,nofather,nospontaneouslyrebornbeings; nopriestsorcontemplativeswho,faringrightly&practicingrightly,proclaim thisworld&thenextafterhavingdirectlyknown&realizeditforthemselves. Thisishowoneismadeimpureinthreewaysbymentalaction. These,Cunda,arethetencoursesofunskillfulaction.Whenapersonis endowedwiththesetencoursesofunskillfulaction,thenevenifhegetsupatthe propertimefromhisbedandtouchestheearth,heisstillimpure.Ifhedoesnt touchtheearth,heisstillimpure.Ifhetoucheswetcowdung,heisstillimpure. Ifhedoesnttouchwetcowdung,heisstillimpure.Ifhetouchesgreengrass... Ifhedoesnttouchgreengrass...Ifheworshipsafire...Ifhedoesntworship afire...Ifhepayshomagetothesunwithclaspedhands...Ifhedoesntpay homagetothesunwithclaspedhands...Ifhegoesdownintothewaterthree timesbynightfall...Ifhedoesntgodownintothewaterthreetimesby nightfall,heisstillimpure.Whyisthat?Becausethesetencoursesofunskillful actionareimpureandcauseimpurity.Furthermore,asaresultofbeingendowed withthesetencoursesofunskillfulaction,[rebirthin]hellisdeclared,[rebirthin]

3 3 ananimalwombisdeclared,[rebirthin]therealmofhungryshadesis declaredthatoranyotherbaddestination. Now,Cunda,therearethreewaysinwhichoneismadepurebybodily action,fourwaysinwhichoneismadepurebyverbalaction,andthreewaysin whichoneismadepurebymentalaction. SKILLFULBODILYACTION Andhowisonemadepureinthreewaysbybodilyaction?Thereisthecase whereacertainperson,abandoningthetakingoflife,abstainsfromthetakingof life.Hedwellswithhisrodlaiddown,hisknifelaiddown,scrupulous,merciful, compassionateforthewelfareofalllivingbeings.Abandoningthetakingof whatisnotgiven,heabstainsfromtakingwhatisnotgiven.Hedoesnottake,in themannerofathief,thingsinavillageorawildernessthatbelongtoothersand havenotbeengivenbythem.Abandoningsensualmisconduct,heabstainsfrom sensualmisconduct.Hedoesnotgetsexuallyinvolvedwiththosewhoare protectedbytheirmothers,theirfathers,theirbrothers,theirsisters,their relatives,ortheirDhamma;thosewithhusbands,thosewhoentailpunishments, oreventhosecrownedwithflowersbyanotherman.Thisishowoneismade pureinthreewaysbybodilyaction. SKILLFULVERBALACTION Andhowisonemadepureinfourwaysbyverbalaction?Thereisthecase whereacertainperson,abandoningfalsespeech,abstainsfromfalsespeech. Whenhehasbeencalledtoatownmeeting,agroupmeeting,agatheringofhis relatives,hisguild,oroftheroyalty,ifheisaskedasawitness,Come&tell, goodman,whatyouknow:Ifhedoesntknow,hesays,Idontknow.If hedoesknow,hesays,Iknow.Ifhehasntseen,hesays,Ihaventseen. Ifhehasseen,hesays,Ihaveseen.Thushedoesntconsciouslytellaliefor hisownsake,forthesakeofanother,orforthesakeofanyreward.Abandoning falsespeech,heabstainsfromfalsespeech.Hespeaksthetruth,holdstothe truth,isfirm,reliable,nodeceiveroftheworld.Abandoningdivisivespeechhe abstainsfromdivisivespeech.Whathehasheardherehedoesnottellthereto breakthosepeopleapartfromthesepeoplehere.Whathehasheardtherehe doesnottellheretobreakthesepeopleapartfromthosepeoplethere.Thus reconcilingthosewhohavebrokenapartorcementingthosewhoareunited,he

3 4 lovesconcord,delightsinconcord,enjoysconcord,speaksthingsthatcreate concord.Abandoningabusivespeech,heabstainsfromabusivespeech.He speakswordsthataresoothingtotheear,thatareaffectionate,thatgotothe heart,thatarepolite,appealing&pleasingtopeopleatlarge.Abandoningidle chatter,heabstainsfromidlechatter.Hespeaksinseason,speakswhatisfactual, whatisinaccordancewiththegoal,theDhamma,&theVinaya.Hespeaks wordsworthtreasuring,seasonable,reasonable,circumscribed,connectedwith thegoal.Thisishowoneismadepureinfourwaysbyverbalaction. SKILLFULMENTALACTION Andhowisonemadepureinthreewaysbymentalaction?Thereisthe casewhereacertainpersonisnotcovetous.Hedoesnotcovetthebelongingsof others,thinking,O,thatwhatbelongstootherswouldbemine!Hebearsno illwillandisnotcorruptintheresolvesofhisheart.[Hethinks,]Maythese beingsbefreefromanimosity,freefromoppression,freefromtrouble,andmay theylookafterthemselveswithease!Hehasrightviewandisnotwarpedin thewayheseesthings:Thereiswhatisgiven,whatisoffered,whatis sacrificed.Therearefruits&resultsofgood&badactions.Thereisthisworld& thenextworld.Thereismother&father.Therearespontaneouslyrebornbeings; therearepriests&contemplativeswho,faringrightly&practicingrightly, proclaimthisworld&thenextafterhavingdirectlyknown&realizeditfor themselves.Thisishowoneismadepureinthreewaysbymentalaction. These,Cunda,arethetencoursesofskillfulaction.Whenapersonis endowedwiththesetencoursesofskillfulaction,thenevenifhegetsupatthe propertimefromhisbedandtouchestheearth,heisstillpure.Ifhedoesnt touchtheearth,heisstillpure.Ifhetoucheswetcowdung,heisstillpure.Ifhe doesnttouchwetcowdung,heisstillpure.Ifhetouchesgreengrass...Ifhe doesnttouchgreengrass...Ifheworshipsafire...Ifhedoesntworshipa fire...Ifhepayshomagetothesunwithclaspedhands...Ifhedoesntpay homagetothesunwithclaspedhands...Ifhegoesdownintothewaterthree timesbynightfall...Ifhedoesntgodownintothewaterthreetimesby nightfall,heisstillpure.Whyisthat?Becausethesetencoursesofskillfulaction arepureandcausepurity.Furthermore,asaresultofbeingendowedwiththese tencoursesofskillfulaction,[rebirthamong]thedevasisdeclared,[rebirth among]humanbeingsisdeclaredthatoranyothergooddestination.

3 5 Whenthiswassaid,CundathesilversmithsaidtotheBlessedOne: Magnificent,venerablesir!Magnificent!Justasifheweretoplaceuprightwhat wasoverturned,torevealwhatwashidden,toshowthewaytoonewhowas lost,ortosothatthosewitheyescouldseeforms,inthesamewayhasthe BlessedOnethroughmanylinesofreasoningmadetheDhammaclear.Igoto theBlessedOneforrefuge,totheDhamma,andtothecommunityofmonks. MaytheBlessedOneremembermeasalayfollowerwhohasgonetohimfor refuge,fromthisdayforward,forlife.

3 6

Elevens

WhatisthePurpose? KimatthaSutta(XI.1) IhaveheardthatononeoccasiontheBlessedOnewasstayingnearSavatthiin JetasGrove,Anathapindikasmonastery.ThenVen.Anandawenttothe BlessedOneandonarrival,havingboweddowntohim,sattooneside.Ashe wassittingtherehesaidtotheBlessedOne:Whatisthepurposeofskillful virtues?Whatistheirreward? Skillfulvirtueshavefreedomfromremorseastheirpurpose,Ananda,and freedomfromremorseastheirreward. Andwhatisthepurposeoffreedomfromremorse?Whatisitsreward? Freedomfromremorsehasjoyasitspurpose,joyasitsreward. Andwhatisthepurposeofjoy?Whatisitsreward? Joyhasraptureasitspurpose,raptureasitsreward. Andwhatisthepurposeofrapture?Whatisitsreward? Rapturehasserenityasitspurpose,serenityasitsreward. Andwhatisthepurposeofserenity?Whatisitsreward? Serenityhaspleasureasitspurpose,pleasureasitsreward. Andwhatisthepurposeofpleasure?Whatisitsreward? Pleasurehasconcentrationasitspurpose,concentrationasitsreward. Andwhatisthepurposeofconcentration?Whatisitsreward? Concentrationhasknowledge&visionofthingsastheyactuallyareasits purpose,knowledge&visionofthingsastheyactuallyareasitsreward. Andwhatisthepurposeofknowledge&visionofthingsastheyactually are?Whatisitsreward? Knowledge&visionofthingsastheyactuallyarehasdisenchantmentasits purpose,disenchantmentasitsreward. Andwhatisthepurposeofdisenchantment?Whatisitsreward? Disenchantmenthasdispassionasitspurpose,dispassionasitsreward. Andwhatisthepurposeofdispassion?Whatisitsreward?

3 7 Dispassionhasknowledge&visionofreleaseasitspurpose,knowledge& visionofreleaseasitsreward. Thusinthisway,Ananda,skillfulvirtueshavefreedomfromremorseas theirpurpose,freedomfromremorseastheirreward.Freedomfromremorsehas joyasitspurpose,joyasitsreward.Joyhasraptureasitspurpose,raptureasits reward.Rapturehasserenityasitspurpose,serenityasitsreward.Serenityhas pleasureasitspurpose,pleasureasitsreward.Pleasurehasconcentrationasits purpose,concentrationasitsreward.Concentrationhasknowledge&visionof thingsastheyactuallyareasitspurpose,knowledge&visionofthingsasthey actuallyareasitsreward.Knowledge&visionofthingsastheyactuallyarehas disenchantmentasitspurpose,dispassionasitsreward.Disenchantmenthas dispassionasitspurpose,dispassionasitsreward.Dispassionhasknowledge& visionofreleaseasitspurpose,knowledge&visionofreleaseasitsreward. Inthisway,Ananda,skillfulvirtuesleadstepbysteptotheconsummation ofarahantship. Seealso:SNXII.23

AnActofWill CetanaSutta(XI.2) Forapersonendowedwithvirtue,consummateinvirtue,thereisnoneedfor anactofwill,Mayfreedomfromremorseariseinme.Itisinthenatureof thingsthatfreedomfromremorsearisesinapersonendowedwithvirtue, consummateinvirtue. Forapersonfreefromremorse,thereisnoneedforanactofwill,Mayjoy ariseinme.Itisinthenatureofthingsthatjoyarisesinapersonfreefrom remorse. Forajoyfulperson,thereisnoneedforanactofwill,Mayrapturearisein me.Itisinthenatureofthingsthatrapturearisesinajoyfulperson. Forarapturousperson,thereisnoneedforanactofwill,Maymybody beserene.Itisinthenatureofthingsthatarapturouspersongrowsserenein body.

3 8 Forapersonsereneinbody,thereisnoneedforanactofwill,MayI experiencepleasure.Itisinthenatureofthingsthatapersonsereneinbody experiencespleasure. Forapersonexperiencingpleasure,thereisnoneedforanactofwill, Maymymindgrowconcentrated.Itisinthenatureofthingsthatthemindof apersonexperiencingpleasuregrowsconcentrated. Forapersonwhosemindisconcentrated,thereisnoneedforanactofwill, MayIknow&seethingsastheyactuallyare.Itisinthenatureofthingsthat apersonwhosemindisconcentratedknows&seesthingsastheyactuallyare. Forapersonwhoknows&seesthingsastheyactuallyare,thereisnoneed foranactofwill,MayIfeeldisenchantment.Itisinthenatureofthingsthata personwhoknows&seesthingsastheyactuallyarefeelsdisenchantment. Forapersonwhofeelsdisenchantment,thereisnoneedforanactofwill, MayIgrowdispassionate.Itisinthenatureofthingsthatapersonwhofeels disenchantmentgrowsdispassionate. Foradispassionateperson,thereisnoneedforanactofwill,MayI realizetheknowledge&visionofrelease.Itisinthenatureofthingsthata dispassionatepersonrealizestheknowledge&visionofrelease. Inthisway,dispassionhasknowledge&visionofreleaseasitspurpose, knowledge&visionofreleaseasitsreward.Disenchantmenthasdispassionas itspurpose,dispassionasitsreward.Knowledge&visionofthingsasthey actuallyarehasdisenchantmentasitspurpose,disenchantmentasitsreward. Concentrationhasknowledge&visionofthingsastheyactuallyareasits purpose,knowledge&visionofthingsastheyactuallyareasitsreward. Pleasurehasconcentrationasitspurpose,concentrationasitsreward.Serenity haspleasureasitspurpose,pleasureasitsreward.Rapturehasserenityasits purpose,serenityasitsreward.Joyhasraptureasitspurpose,raptureasits reward.Freedomfromremorsehasjoyasitspurpose,joyasitsreward.Skillful virtueshavefreedomfromremorseastheirpurpose,freedomfromremorseas theirreward. Inthisway,mentalqualitiesleadontomentalqualities,mentalqualities bringmentalqualitiestotheirconsummation,forthesakeofgoingfromthenear totheFurtherShore.

ToMahanama(1)

3 9 MahanamaSutta(XI.12) IhaveheardthatononeoccasiontheBlessedOnewasstayingamongthe SakyansatKapilavatthuintheBanyanPark.Nowatthattimemanymonkswere atworkmakingrobesfortheBlessedOne,[thinking],Whentherobesare finished,attheendofthethreemonths(oftherainsretreat),theBlessedOnewill setoutwandering.MahanamatheSakyanheardthatmanymonkswereat workmakingrobesfortheBlessedOne,[thinking],Whentherobesare finished,attheendofthethreemonths,theBlessedOnewillsetout wandering.SoheapproachedtheBlessedOneand,onarrival,havingbowed down,sattooneside.AshewassittingtherehesaidtotheBlessedOne:Ihave heardthatmanymonksareatworkmakingrobesfortheBlessedOne, [thinking],Whentherobesarefinished,attheendofthethreemonths,the BlessedOnewillsetoutwandering.Forthoseofuslivingbymeansofvarious dwellingplaces[forthemind],bymeansofwhichdwellingplaceshouldwe live? Excellent,Mahanama,excellent!Itisfittingforclansmenlikeyouto approachtheTathagataandask,Forthoseofuslivingbymeansofvarious dwellingplaces[forthemind],bymeansofwhichdwellingplaceshouldwe live? Onewhoisarousedtopracticeisoneofconviction,notwithoutconviction. Onearousedtopracticeisonewithpersistencearoused,notlazy.Onearousedto practiceisoneofestablishedmindfulness,notmuddledmindfulness.One arousedtopracticeiscenteredinconcentration,notuncentered.Onearousedto practiceisdiscerning,notundiscerning. Establishedinthesefivequalities,youshouldfurtherdevelopsixqualities: [1]ThereisthecasewhereyourecollecttheTathagata:Indeed,theBlessed Oneispureandrightlyselfawakened,consummateinknowledge&conduct, wellgone,anexpertwithregardtotheworld,unexcelledasatrainerforthose peoplefittobetamed,theTeacherofdivine&humanbeings,awakened, blessed.Atanytimewhenadiscipleofthenobleonesisrecollectingthe Tathagata,hismindisnotovercomewithpassion,notovercomewithaversion, notovercomewithdelusion.Hismindheadsstraight,basedontheTathagata. Andwhenthemindisheadedstraight,thediscipleofthenobleonesgainsa senseofthegoal,gainsasenseoftheDhamma,gainsjoyconnectedwiththe Dhamma.Inonewhoisjoyful,rapturearises.Inonewhoisrapturous,thebody

4 0 growscalm.Onewhosebodyiscalmedexperiencesease.Inoneatease,the mindbecomesconcentrated. Ofonewhodoesthis,Mahanama,itissaid:Amongthosewhoareoutof tune,thediscipleofthenobleonesdwellsintune;amongthosewhoare malicious,hedwellswithoutmalice;havingattainedthestreamofDhamma,he developstherecollectionoftheBuddha. [2]ThenthereisthecasewhereyourecollecttheDhamma:TheDhamma iswellexpoundedbytheBlessedOne,tobeseenhere&now,timeless,inviting verification,pertinent,toberealizedbythewiseforthemselves.Atanytime whenadiscipleofthenobleonesisrecollectingtheDhamma,hismindisnot overcomewithpassion,notovercomewithaversion,notovercomewith delusion.Hismindheadsstraight,basedontheDhamma.Andwhenthemindis headedstraight,thediscipleofthenobleonesgainsasenseofthegoal,gainsa senseoftheDhamma,gainsjoyconnectedwiththeDhamma.Inonewhois joyful,rapturearises.Inonewhoisrapturous,thebodygrowscalm.Onewhose bodyiscalmedexperiencesease.Inoneatease,themindbecomesconcentrated. Ofonewhodoesthis,Mahanama,itissaid:Amongthosewhoareoutof tune,thediscipleofthenobleonesdwellsintune;amongthosewhoare malicious,hedwellswithoutmalice;havingattainedthestreamofDhamma,he developstherecollectionoftheDhamma. [3]ThenthereisthecasewhereyourecollecttheSangha:TheSanghaof theBlessedOnesdiscipleswhohavepracticedwell...whohavepracticed straightforwardly...whohavepracticedmethodically...whohavepracticed masterfullyinotherwords,thefourtypes[ofnobledisciples]whentakenas pairs,theeightwhentakenasindividualtypestheyaretheSanghaofthe BlessedOnesdisciples:worthyofgifts,worthyofhospitality,worthyof offerings,worthyofrespect,theincomparablefieldofmeritfortheworld.At anytimewhenadiscipleofthenobleonesisrecollectingtheSangha,hismindis notovercomewithpassion,notovercomewithaversion,notovercomewith delusion.Hismindheadsstraight,basedontheSangha.Andwhenthemindis headedstraight,thediscipleofthenobleonesgainsasenseofthegoal,gainsa senseoftheDhamma,gainsjoyconnectedwiththeDhamma.Inonewhois joyful,rapturearises.Inonewhoisrapturous,thebodygrowscalm.Onewhose bodyiscalmedexperiencesease.Inoneatease,themindbecomesconcentrated. Ofonewhodoesthis,Mahanama,itissaid:Amongthosewhoareoutof tune,thediscipleofthenobleonesdwellsintune;amongthosewhoare

4 1 malicious,hedwellswithoutmalice;havingattainedthestreamofDhamma,he developstherecollectionoftheSangha. [4]Thenthereisthecasewhereyourecollectyourownvirtues:[Theyare] untorn,unbroken,unspotted,unsplattered,liberating,praisedbythewise, untarnished,conducivetoconcentration.Atanytimewhenadiscipleofthe nobleonesisrecollectingvirtue,hismindisnotovercomewithpassion,not overcomewithaversion,notovercomewithdelusion.Hismindheadsstraight, basedonvirtue.Andwhenthemindisheadedstraight,thediscipleofthenoble onesgainsasenseofthegoal,gainsasenseoftheDhamma,gainsjoyconnected withtheDhamma.Inonewhoisjoyful,rapturearises.Inonewhoisrapturous, thebodygrowscalm.Onewhosebodyiscalmedexperiencesease.Inoneatease, themindbecomesconcentrated. Ofonewhodoesthis,Mahanama,itissaid:Amongthosewhoareoutof tune,thediscipleofthenobleonesdwellsintune;amongthosewhoare malicious,hedwellswithoutmalice;havingattainedthestreamofDhamma,he developstherecollectionofvirtue. [5]Thenthereisthecasewhereyourecollectyourowngenerosity:Itisa gain,agreatgainforme,thatamongpeopleovercomewiththestainof possessivenessIliveathome,myawarenesscleansedofthestainof possessiveness,freelygenerous,openhanded,delightinginbeingmagnanimous, responsivetorequests,delightinginthedistributionofalms.Atanytimewhen adiscipleofthenobleonesisrecollectinggenerosity,hismindisnotovercome withpassion,notovercomewithaversion,notovercomewithdelusion.His mindheadsstraight,basedongenerosity.Andwhenthemindisheaded straight,thediscipleofthenobleonesgainsasenseofthegoal,gainsasenseof theDhamma,gainsjoyconnectedwiththeDhamma.Inonewhoisjoyful, rapturearises.Inonewhoisrapturous,thebodygrowscalm.Onewhosebodyis calmedexperiencesease.Inoneatease,themindbecomesconcentrated. Ofonewhodoesthis,Mahanama,itissaid:Amongthosewhoareoutof tune,thediscipleofthenobleonesdwellsintune;amongthosewhoare malicious,hedwellswithoutmalice;havingattainedthestreamofDhamma,he developstherecollectionofgenerosity. [6]Thenyoushouldrecollectthedevas:TherearetheDevasoftheFour GreatKings,theDevasoftheThirtythree,theDevasoftheHours,the ContentedDevas,theDevaswhodelightincreation,theDevaswhohavepower overthecreationsofothers,thedevasofBrahmasretinue,thedevasbeyond them.Whateverconvictiontheywereendowedwiththatwhenfallingaway

4 2 fromthislifetheyrearosethere,thesamesortofconvictionispresentinmeas well.Whatevervirtuetheywereendowedwiththatwhenfallingawayfrom thislifetheyrearosethere,thesamesortofvirtueispresentinmeaswell. Whateverlearningtheywereendowedwiththatwhenfallingawayfromthis lifetheyrearosethere,thesamesortoflearningispresentinmeaswell. Whatevergenerositytheywereendowedwiththatwhenfallingawayfromthis lifetheyrearosethere,thesamesortofgenerosityispresentinmeaswell. Whateverdiscernmenttheywereendowedwiththatwhenfallingawayfrom thislifetheyrearosethere,thesamesortofdiscernmentispresentinmeas well.Atanytimewhenadiscipleofthenobleonesisrecollectingtheconviction, virtue,learning,generosity,anddiscernmentfoundbothinhimselfandthe devas,hismindisnotovercomewithpassion,notovercomewithaversion,not overcomewithdelusion.Hismindheadsstraight,basedonthe[qualitiesofthe] devas.Andwhenthemindisheadedstraight,thediscipleofthenobleones gainsasenseofthegoal,gainsasenseoftheDhamma,gainsjoyconnectedwith theDhamma.Inonewhoisjoyful,rapturearises.Inonewhoisrapturous,the bodygrowscalm.Onewhosebodyiscalmedexperiencesease.Inoneatease,the mindbecomesconcentrated. Ofonewhodoesthis,Mahanama,itissaid:Amongthosewhoareoutof tune,thediscipleofthenobleonesdwellsintune;amongthosewhoare malicious,hedwellswithoutmalice;havingattainedthestreamofDhamma,he developstherecollectionofthedevas.

ToMahanama(2) MahanamaSutta(XI.13) IhaveheardthatononeoccasiontheBlessedOnewasstayingamongthe SakyansatKapilavatthuintheBanyanPark.NowatthattimeMahanamathe Sakyanhadrecoveredfrombeingill,wasnotlongrecoveredfromhisillness. AndatthattimemanymonkswereatworkmakingrobesfortheBlessedOne, [thinking],Whentherobesarefinished,attheendofthethreemonths(ofthe rainsretreat),theBlessedOnewillsetoutwandering.MahanamatheSakyan heardthatmanymonkswereatworkmakingrobesfortheBlessedOne, [thinking],Whentherobesarefinished,attheendofthethreemonths,the BlessedOnewillsetoutwandering.SoheapproachedtheBlessedOneand,on

4 3 arrival,havingboweddown,sattooneside.Ashewassittingtherehesaidto theBlessedOne:Ihaveheardthatmanymonksareatworkmakingrobesfor theBlessedOne,[thinking],Whentherobesarefinished,attheendofthethree months,theBlessedOnewillsetoutwandering.Forthoseofuslivingby meansofvariousdwellingplaces[forthemind],bymeansofwhichdwelling placeshouldwelive? Excellent,Mahanama,excellent!Itisfittingforclansmenlikeyouto approachtheTathagataandask,Forthoseofuslivingbymeansofvarious dwellingplaces[forthemind],bymeansofwhichdwellingplaceshouldwe live? Onewhoisarousedtopracticeisoneofconviction,notwithoutconviction. Onearousedtopracticeisonewithpersistencearoused,notlazy.Onearousedto practiceisoneofestablishedmindfulness,notmuddledmindfulness.One arousedtopracticeiscenteredinconcentration,notuncentered.Onearousedto practiceisdiscerning,notundiscerning. Establishedinthesefivequalities,youshouldfurtherdevelopsixqualities: [1]ThereisthecasewhereyourecollecttheTathagata:Indeed,theBlessed Oneispureandrightlyselfawakened,consummateinknowledge&conduct, wellgone,anexpertwithregardtotheworld,unexcelledasatrainerforthose peoplefittobetamed,theTeacherofdivine&humanbeings,awakened, blessed.Atanytimewhenadiscipleofthenobleonesisrecollectingthe Tathagata,hismindisnotovercomewithpassion,notovercomewithaversion, notovercomewithdelusion.Hismindheadsstraight,basedontheTathagata. Andwhenthemindisheadedstraight,thediscipleofthenobleonesgainsa senseofthegoal,gainsasenseoftheDhamma,gainsjoyconnectedwiththe Dhamma.Inonewhoisjoyful,rapturearises.Inonewhoisrapturous,thebody growscalm.Onewhosebodyiscalmedexperiencesease.Inoneatease,the mindbecomesconcentrated. Mahanama,youshoulddevelopthisrecollectionoftheBuddhawhileyou arewalking,whileyouarestanding,whileyouaresitting,whileyouarelying down,whileyouarebusyatwork,whileyouarerestinginyourhomecrowded withchildren. [2]ThenthereisthecasewhereyourecollecttheDhamma:TheDhamma iswellexpoundedbytheBlessedOne,tobeseenhere&now,timeless,inviting verification,pertinent,toberealizedbythewiseforthemselves.Atanytime whenadiscipleofthenobleonesisrecollectingtheDhamma,hismindisnot overcomewithpassion,notovercomewithaversion,notovercomewith

4 4 delusion.Hismindheadsstraight,basedontheDhamma.Andwhenthemindis headedstraight,thediscipleofthenobleonesgainsasenseofthegoal,gainsa senseoftheDhamma,gainsjoyconnectedwiththeDhamma.Inonewhois joyful,rapturearises.Inonewhoisrapturous,thebodygrowscalm.Onewhose bodyiscalmedexperiencesease.Inoneatease,themindbecomesconcentrated. Mahanama,youshoulddevelopthisrecollectionoftheDhammawhileyou arewalking,whileyouarestanding,whileyouaresitting,whileyouarelying down,whileyouarebusyatwork,whileyouarerestinginyourhomecrowded withchildren. [3]ThenthereisthecasewhereyourecollecttheSangha:TheSanghaof theBlessedOnesdiscipleswhohavepracticedwell...whohavepracticed straightforwardly...whohavepracticedmethodically...whohavepracticed masterfullyinotherwords,thefourtypes[ofnobledisciples]whentakenas pairs,theeightwhentakenasindividualtypestheyaretheSanghaofthe BlessedOnesdisciples:worthyofgifts,worthyofhospitality,worthyof offerings,worthyofrespect,theincomparablefieldofmeritfortheworld.At anytimewhenadiscipleofthenobleonesisrecollectingtheSangha,hismindis notovercomewithpassion,notovercomewithaversion,notovercomewith delusion.Hismindheadsstraight,basedontheSangha.Andwhenthemindis headedstraight,thediscipleofthenobleonesgainsasenseofthegoal,gainsa senseoftheDhamma,gainsjoyconnectedwiththeDhamma.Inonewhois joyful,rapturearises.Inonewhoisrapturous,thebodygrowscalm.Onewhose bodyiscalmedexperiencesease.Inoneatease,themindbecomesconcentrated. Mahanama,youshoulddevelopthisrecollectionoftheSanghawhileyou arewalking,whileyouarestanding,whileyouaresitting,whileyouarelying down,whileyouarebusyatwork,whileyouarerestinginyourhomecrowded withchildren. [4]Thenthereisthecasewhereyourecollectyourownvirtues:[Theyare] untorn,unbroken,unspotted,unsplattered,liberating,praisedbythewise, untarnished,conducivetoconcentration.Atanytimewhenadiscipleofthe nobleonesisrecollectingvirtue,hismindisnotovercomewithpassion,not overcomewithaversion,notovercomewithdelusion.Hismindheadsstraight, basedonvirtue.Andwhenthemindisheadedstraight,thediscipleofthenoble onesgainsasenseofthegoal,gainsasenseoftheDhamma,gainsjoyconnected withtheDhamma.Inonewhoisjoyful,rapturearises.Inonewhoisrapturous, thebodygrowscalm.Onewhosebodyiscalmedexperiencesease.Inoneatease, themindbecomesconcentrated.

4 5 Mahanama,youshoulddevelopthisrecollectionofvirtuewhileyouare walking,whileyouarestanding,whileyouaresitting,whileyouarelying down,whileyouarebusyatwork,whileyouarerestinginyourhomecrowded withchildren. [5]Thenthereisthecasewhereyourecollectyourowngenerosity:Itisa gain,agreatgainforme,thatamongpeopleovercomewiththestainof possessivenessIliveathome,myawarenesscleansedofthestainof possessiveness,freelygenerous,openhanded,delightinginbeingmagnanimous, responsivetorequests,delightinginthedistributionofalms.Atanytimewhen adiscipleofthenobleonesisrecollectinggenerosity,hismindisnotovercome withpassion,notovercomewithaversion,notovercomewithdelusion.His mindheadsstraight,basedongenerosity.Andwhenthemindisheaded straight,thediscipleofthenobleonesgainsasenseofthegoal,gainsasenseof theDhamma,gainsjoyconnectedwiththeDhamma.Inonewhoisjoyful, rapturearises.Inonewhoisrapturous,thebodygrowscalm.Onewhosebodyis calmedexperiencesease.Inoneatease,themindbecomesconcentrated. Mahanama,youshoulddevelopthisrecollectionofgenerositywhileyou arewalking,whileyouarestanding,whileyouaresitting,whileyouarelying down,whileyouarebusyatwork,whileyouarerestinginyourhomecrowded withchildren. [6]Thenyoushouldrecollectthedevas:TherearetheDevasoftheFour GreatKings,theDevasoftheThirtythree,theDevasoftheHours,the ContentedDevas,theDevaswhodelightincreation,theDevaswhohavepower overthecreationsofothers,theDevasofBrahmasretinue,thedevasbeyond them.Whateverconvictiontheywereendowedwiththatwhenfallingaway fromthislifetheyrearosethere,thesamesortofconvictionispresentinmeas well.Whatevervirtuetheywereendowedwiththatwhenfallingawayfrom thislifetheyrearosethere,thesamesortofvirtueispresentinmeaswell. Whateverlearningtheywereendowedwiththatwhenfallingawayfromthis lifetheyrearosethere,thesamesortoflearningispresentinmeaswell. Whatevergenerositytheywereendowedwiththatwhenfallingawayfromthis lifetheyrearosethere,thesamesortofgenerosityispresentinmeaswell. Whateverdiscernmenttheywereendowedwiththatwhenfallingawayfrom thislifetheyrearosethere,thesamesortofdiscernmentispresentinmeas well.Atanytimewhenadiscipleofthenobleonesisrecollectingthe conviction,virtue,learning,generosity,anddiscernmentfoundbothinhimself andthedevas,hismindisnotovercomewithpassion,notovercomewith

4 6 aversion,notovercomewithdelusion.Hismindheadsstraight,basedonthe [qualitiesofthe]devas.Andwhenthemindisheadedstraight,thediscipleofthe nobleonesgainsasenseofthegoal,gainsasenseoftheDhamma,gainsjoy connectedwiththeDhamma.Inonewhoisjoyful,rapturearises.Inonewhois rapturous,thebodygrowscalm.Onewhosebodyiscalmedexperiencesease.In oneatease,themindbecomesconcentrated. Mahanama,youshoulddevelopthisrecollectionofthedevaswhileyouare walking,whileyouarestanding,whileyouaresitting,whileyouarelying down,whileyouarebusyatwork,whileyouarerestinginyourhomecrowded withchildren. GoodWill MettaSutta(XI.16) Monks,foronewhosereleaseofawarenessthroughgoodwilliscultivated, developed,pursued,givenameansoftransport,givenagrounding,steadied, consolidated,andwellundertaken,elevenbenefitscanbeexpected.Which eleven? Onesleepseasily,wakeseasily,dreamsnoevildreams.Oneisdearto humanbeings,deartononhumanbeings.Thedevasprotectone.Neitherfire, poison,norweaponscantouchone.Onesmindgainsconcentrationquickly. Onescomplexionisbright.Onediesunconfusedandifpenetratingno higherisheadedfortheBrahmaworlds. Thesearetheelevenbenefitsthatcanbeexpectedforonewhosereleaseof awarenessthroughgoodwilliscultivated,developed,pursued,givenameansof transport,givenagrounding,steadied,consolidated,andwellundertaken. Seealso:SNXLII.8,Khp9