Peoples Dental College and Hospital

Affiliated to Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University

Thesis Proposal
Presented by: Dr. Smriti Narayan Thakur PG Resident ,2nd year ,2nd batch Department of Prosthodontics and Maxillofacial Prosthetics

Guide:
Prof. Dr. Suraj R B Mathema Hospital Director, HOD Department of Prosthodontics and Maxillofacial Prosthetics

Thesis proposal of topic A Comparative study on tensile bond strength of soft relining material to heat cure poly methyl meth acrylate denture base resin after different surface treatments an in vitro study submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master in Prosthodontics and Maxillofacial Prosthetics.

Introduction: Soft lining materials can be defined as soft, resilient, elastic materials, which form a cushion layer between the hard denture base and the oral mucosa. Denture soft lining materials are generally advocated on complete dentures, removable partial dentures &maxillofacial obturators. soft liner also provide close adaptation of the prosthesis with denture bearing foundation enhancing retention, stability ,support and leading to physical & psychological comfort. Soft liner also dissipate the masticatory stress resulting in preservation of the underlying hard & soft tissue mainly during mutilated state. Classification of soft liner Based on compositionSilicone base . Acrylic base . Based on duration of usage Short term up to 30 days Interim 30 to 60 days Long term 1 year or longer . Based on setting mechanism chemical cure Heat cure light cure microwave cure There are several problems associated with the use of soft denture liners mainly poor tear strength,loss of softness, porosity and colonization of candida albicans.One of the most serious problem with these materials is bond failure between the soft denture liner & the denture base.

These materials also undergo changes in physical & mechanical properties due to the leaching of plasticizers & other soluble materials into the water & the absorption of water by the polymer ,with time in patient mouth . The mechanical properties of soft relining materials and
their bonding characteristics have been evaluated by various test methods commonly peel, lap-shear and tensile testing. Testing the soft liners using peel test is believed to be the best simulation of the clinical setting for the failure of soft lining materials. However, the results obtained from peel tests were reported to be unsatisfactory due to the higher probability of cohesive failures in the soft materials. According to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) , the tensile test method was preferred for testing the adhesion between the soft lining materials and PMMA denture base polymer.

Literature reviews: Lammie et.al reported the use of natural rubbers,polyvinyl chlorides,polyvinyl acetate & methyl methacrylate co-polymers as liners and advocated that shear & tensile strength is desirable property for a lining material. 1

Wrigth et.al evaluated the adhesion of heat cure silicone based molloplast and cold cure acrylic soft liner to PMMA ,and concluded that the cold cured material had very poor adhesive properties as compared to heat cure silicone based reliner. 2
Hayakawa et .al conducted to evaluate & compare the adhesive bond strength of fluoroethyl copolymer & acrylic based soft denture liners & concluded that fluoroethyl co-polymer was much superior as a soft denture liner.
3

Amany El-Hadary et.al evalauated the tensile bond strength between silicone based soft liner to a plasticized acrylic resin soft liner to PMMA and concluded that silicone base soft liner has a higher tensile strength than plasticized acrylic resin soft liner to PMMA. 4

Hypothesis: Null hypothesis Surface treatments are not effective in improving the tensile bond strength of the liner to denture base resin.

General Objective: To compare the tensile bond strength of soft relining material to heat cure polymethylmethacrylate denture base resin after different surface treatments. Specific objectives: To compare tensile bond strength between heat cure polymethyl methacrylate denture base and commercially available soft relining material with : a. No surface treatment. b. Air abrasion c. Monomer treatment d. Dichloromethane treatment

Materials and Methods:

Research setting: In-vitro study Place: Department of Prosthodontics & Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Peoples Dental College and Hospital National Bureau of Standards and Metrology Duration : 1 and 1/2 years

Sample size and technique: Sample size - Total 120-specimens of heat cure acrylic blocks. Divided into 4 groups , 30 in each group.

Materials Heat cure resin Soft liner(GC soft reliner) Dichloromethane solution Periblast micro 50 micron aluminium oxide particles

EQUIPMENTS Sand blasting unit Ultrasonic bath Acrylizer Standarized five piece brass mold for fabrication of 30x 10x10mm acrylic block. Universal testing machine

Study design: In vitro experimental study

Methedology Study will be done to evaluate the tensile bond Strength of commercially available soft denture liner to polymethylmethacrylate denture base resin after different surface treatments of Air abrasion Methylmethacrylate monomer Dichloromethane

Methodology followed in this study will 1.Preparation of heat polymerizing acrylic resin blocks. 2.Surface treatments of acrylic resin blocks. Group A No treatment Group B Air abrasiion 50 micron aluminium oxide for 3o seconds. Group C Monomer treatment for 180 seconds. Group D Dichloromethane for 30 seconds. 3.The adjacent surfaces of two 30x 10x 10 mm acrylic resin blocks will be joined by soft liner. 4.Tensile bond strength testing on UTM. 1.Preparation of heat polymerizing acrylic resin blocks Study will require acrylic resin blocks of dimension 30mm x 10mm x 10mm. Six equal sized brass dies will be prepared & utilized to fabricate a silicone rubber mold.

Wax blocks of equal size will be prepared in mold then invested in a dental stone in a denture processing flask ,followed by dewaxing .

Packing of mold with heat cure resin. After curing blocks will be retrived from the flask. Smoothed with 240 grid aluminium oxide paper.

2.Surface treatment of acrylic resin blocks Group A No treatments GroupB- surface treatment with air abrasion .bonding surface are of 30 acrylic blocks will be air abraded for 30 seconds with 50m aluminium oxide particles at a pressure of 25psi in a sand blasting unit.The working tip of the air abrasion unit will be kept at a distance of 10mm from the surface to be abraded. Following this ,they will be cleaned in an ultrasonic bath for 4 minutes to remove any trace of alumina particles. Group C Surface treatment with methyl methacrylate monomer for 180 seconds. The surface will be swabbed unidirectionally & two coats will be applied using a camel hair brush after which they will be washed with water & air dried. Group D Surface treatment with Dichloromethane for 30 seconds. The surface will be swabbed unidirectionally & 2 coats will be applied using a camel hair brush after which they will be washed with water & air dried.

3.The adjacent surfaces of two 30x 10x 10 mm acrylic resin blocks will be joined by soft liner.

Joining the two 30mmx10mmx10mm acrylic resin blocks with GC reline soft reliner. GC reline soft reliner material will be dispensed from the bottle supplied by manufacture in a mixing glass & mix with a plastic spatula. After mixing the material to uniform consistency , it will be packed into the uniform 3mmx10mmx10mm space between the acrylic blocks & placed uniform pressure of 5 kg load for 30 minutes.

4.Tensile bond strength testing on UTM -the tensile bond strength of commercially available soft denture liner to polymethylmethacrylate denture base resin by the three different surface treatment will be tested. -specimens will be grouped in to four groups-a group A Control group B Air abraded group C- monomer treated group D - dichloromethane treated - All the samples will be stored in distilled Water for 24 hrs before tensile bond strength testing.

All specimens will be placed under tensile until complete failure on UTM using a cross head speed of 2mm/minute. The readings obtained will be in Kg which will be later converted to Newtons by using the conversion1Kg = 9.81 Newtons

Tensile bond strength will be calculated as stress failure divided by cross sectional area of the specimen. Results force in Kg/mm2 x 9.8 Newton - 1Mpa Tensile strength(Mpa) = force cross sectional area Values will be converted to tensile bond strength values in megapascal..

Performa 1.Experiment sample no: 2.Surface Treatment: No traeatment

Air abrasion

Monomer treatment Dicholorometane treatment

Table 1 Group A= No treatment Specimen no Tensile bond strength (Mpa)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Total Mean tensile strength (Mpa)=x/15

Table 2 -Group B= specimen treated With air abrasion Specimen no 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Total Tensile bond strength (Mpa)

Mean tensile strength (Mpa)=x/15

Table3 Group c= specimen treated With monomer. Specimen no Tensile bond strength (Mpa)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Total Mean tensile strength (Mpa)=x/15

Table4 Group D= specimen treated With Dichloromethane Specimen no Tensile bond strength (Mpa)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Total Mean tensile strength (Mpa)=x/15

Table 5 Group Total No Mean Mpa Minimum MPa Maximum Mpa

Control A Abrasion B Methylmethacrylate C Dicholormethane D

Data analysis
Data will be entered on SPSS( Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) Ver 7... and statistical analysis will be done. The mean between 4 groups will be compared using one way analysis variance ( ANOVA) & the inter comparison between each group will be using Tukeys Honesty Significance difference ( HSD) test.

Gantt chart:
Task to be performed proposal submission and approval Sample collection Sample preparation Sample testing

Aug 2012

Sep Oct Nov

Dec Jan 2013 Feb

Mar Apr May

June July Aug

Sep Oct Nov

Dec Jan 2014 Feb

Thesis writing

Thesis finalizing Thesis submission to guide Thesis submission to commettee

References:

1.Lammie .G.A, Storer R,A preliminary report on reisilient denture plastics. J prosthet Dent 1958;8:411-416. 2.Wright P.S,Rudolf Dave, characterization of the adhesion of soft lining materials to PMMA. J Dent.Res 1981;61:1002-1008 3.Hayakawa .I,kawae. M,Tsuji,Y.Mausuhae. Soft denture liner of fluoroethylene co-polymer & its clinical evaluation. J.Prosthet Dent,1984:51:310-315 4.Amany El-Hadary , James L. Drummond, Comparative study of water sorption, solubility, and tensile bond strength of two soft lining materials , Journal of Prosthet Dent,2000:83:358-361