ABSTRACT

Combining Solar Photovoltaic systems with batteries can guarantee high supply reliability, but in Cloudy weather (weak irradiation) this strategy requires large storage capacity and is expensive. It is cheaper to supply peaks of demand and the demand during this period, with either an additional wind generator. Under this objective different types of (photovoltaic/wind) hybrid systems for supplying electricity have been demonstrated in a large number of pilot and demonstrated projects. In this context, the design of hybrid systems is a relevant issue. An ideal system has to supply, at any given time in the year, an instantaneous energy that equals the consumed energy by all system loads. A sub-sized system obviously doesnt satisfy the demand on electric power and on the other hand, an oversized system can be completely prohibitive due to economical and financial indicators. This work presents the different methods of sizing a small PV-Wind hybrid system and the close of the method that gives the optimal technicaleconomic configuration. The wind and solar hybrid system seamlessly integrates wind, solar, grid, and an automatic standby generator (or an array of batteries) for 24/7 automatic power protection to

supply steady power for your home or business. Solar panels and wind turbines generator supply most of your electricity needs. Your utility grid and the LP generator work as a back-up. The system is scaled well by adding additional solar panels or wind turbines. This system can be configured as grid-tie, which means it feeds excess electricity back into the utility grid and can be used later. Its advantages are: Absence of moving part. Ability to function unattended for long periods. Modular nature in which desired current, voltage and power level can be obtained by mere integration. Long effective life and high reliability.

PV-Wind Hybrid system Function Procedure

During day time, DC power generated by the solar PV array is stored in the battery bank through a hybrid controller, which maximises charging current and prevents excessive discharge/overcharge. Wind turbine generator started generating power when wind speed exceeds cutin speed of the mini wind turbine (above 2.7m/s). Out from the wind battery charger is also stored in the

battery bank through hybrid controller. The wind turbine is selfregulated type with protection for Overspeed. Energy stored in the battery is draw by electrical loads through the inverter, witch convert DC into AC power. The inverter has in-built protection for short-circuit, reverse polarity, low battery voltage and over load. The batter bank is sizing to feed loads up to two days, during non sun/wind days.

Rapid deployment - modular and quick to Install. Fuel is abundant, free and inexhaustible. Costs are predictable and not influenced by fuel price fluctuations, although fluctuations in the price of batteries will be an influence where these are incorporated.

The Advantages Of The Hybrid System

The main advantages of a hybrid system The possibility to combine two or more renewable energy sources, based on the natural local potential of the users. Environmental protection, especially in terms of CO2 emissions reduction. Low cost wind energy, and also solar energy can be competitive with nuclear, coal and gas especially considering possible future cost trends for fossil and nuclear energy. Diversity supply. and security of

Basic Components Of A Small Hybrid System

A typical small hybrid power system can contain the following components: Solar PV Generator: Containing a number of series/parallel interconnected solar modules (depending on the necessary voltage), including connection and protection elements (bypass diodes and/or anti-return). This element delivers part of the electric energy supply through solar energy conversion. Wind generator: Providing part of the necessary electric energy by converting the mechanical energy from the wind.

Storage unit (accumulator battery set): Usually Pb batteries are used, but also Ni-Cd or Ni-Fe, dedicated to applications in the area of renewable energy sources. Unit for Power conditioning: This can be a DC/Converter (for DC loads) and/or inverters (for AC loads).

For sizing the installation which will provide electricity from a photovoltaic generator, use the simplified method presented in the solar energy module (step by step guide photovoltaic section). For sizing the installation for wind energy,use the indications presented in the wind energy module (step by step guide section). For sizing this system, the following will be considered: the PV installation will be sized for summer time conditions (good availability of solar energy) and the wind installation will be sized for winter time conditions (good availability of wind energy), for the necessary consumption. Determine the most suitable location for installation

Requirements For Installing PV/Wind System

For installing (PV-wind hybrid systems) as sources of electric energy, the following steps should be taken into account: Acquire data on the local natural potential of available wind energy and solar energy, from the local meteorological stations. Determine the annual energy consumption for your application (electric loads considered for connection to the hybrid energy system). Size the system (in this case, composed of two installations, one for solar energy and the other for wind energy) on the bases of simplified methods.

Economic Analysis
It is pertinent that economic justification should be made while attempting to optimize the size of integrated power generation systems favouring an affordable unit price of power produced. The economic 7 analysis of the hybrid system has been made and the cost aspects have also been taken into account for optimization of the size of the

systems. Using the model developed various costs namely, LEC, LUC and LCC have been computed considering the life period and replacement costs of the individual systems. Life cycle cost analysis is a tool used to compare the ultimate delivered cost of technologies with different cost structures the pay back analysis method for PV wind hybrid system depends on the various parameters such as investment, replacement cost, annual operation and maintenance cost, income etc. Table-1 shows the cost values of the economic parameters and components for the base case.

Our system can be extended further to an integrated solar wind system which can be used to power a vehicle. The vehicle can be started by means of solar power, and when it gains momentum, it can obtain sufficient wind energy to satisfy its fuel demands.

Conclusion
In the present scenario standalone solar photovoltaic and wind systems have been promoted around the globe on a comparatively larger scale. These independent systems cannot provide continuous source of energy, as they are seasonal. The solar and wind energies are complement in nature. By integrating and optimizing the solar photovoltaic and wind systems, the reliability of the systems can be improved and the unit cost of power can be minimized. A PV wind hybrid systems is designed for rural electrification for the required load at specified Deficiency of Power Supply Probability (DPSP). A new methodology has been developed to determine the size of the PV wind hybrid system using site parameters, types of wind systems, types of solar photovoltaic system, number of days of autonomy of battery and life period of the system.

Application And Future Scope Applications

Islanded system (remote areas) Hybrid vehicle (fuel less) Industrial power saver Distributed power generation

Advantages
Green, environment friendly Efficiency improvement Higher output power Economical benefits User friendly control Less interrupted continuous power

Future Extension