Pgina 1 de 11 a.

ADDITION 2+3=5 - two and three is five - two times three makes five - two plus three equals five b. SUBSTRACTION 52=3 - Five minus two is three - Five take away two makes three c. DIVISION 129 3 = 43 - One hundred and twenty-nine divided by three makes forty-three - One hundred and twenty-nine over three is forty-three d. MULTIPLICATION 4 x 21 = 84 - Four multiplied by twenty-one is eighty-four - Four times twenty-one makes eighty-four - Four twenty-ones e. POWER - 32 Three squared 3 -4 Four cubed - 84 Eight to the power of four f. PERCENTAGES - It is 17.38% gold Its seventeen point three eight per cent

g. FRACTION - 1/2 A half - 1/3 One third - 1/4 A quarter - 2/3 Two thirds - 1 1/2 One and a half h. DECIMALS - 0.25 nought point two five i. COMMAS AND POINTS - The population is 3,255,840 - 1 mile is 1.609 kilometers one point six ou nine ( Point dot!!) j. DATES AND HOURS - It was exactly 11.35 a.m. on 21st May - It was exactly twenty-five to twelve ante-meridian on the thenty-first of May k. SPORTS - We won 3:0 (football) - The final score was 2:2 (football) - The scores 15:0 to me at the moment (tennis) Three nil Two all // Two draw Fifteen love

1ingls comercial cmara de comercio julio-septiembre 2006

Pgina 2 de 11 l. REFERENCES - 8/2-771 Eight slash (or stroke) dash seven seven one m. MEASURE - 1Om x 12m

Ten metres by twelve metres (Dash is not mentioned)

n. TELEPHONE NUMBERS - For further information, call 0171-359 0131

o. PRICES - It only costs 13.95 Thirteen pounds ninety-five p. (penny or pence) p. ROMAN - Edward VII Edward the seventh

q. TEMPERATURE - Water freezes at 32F, ie 0C Water freezes at thirty-two degrees Farenheit id est (= thats) zero degrees centigrades - Its -12 Its below(or minus) twelve degrees r. VARIOUS - Dozen - Even / Odd Numbers - Twenty odd (veinte y pico) - Average (media) - Round number (nmero redondo) - Gross / Scores (a lot of)

2ingls comercial cmara de comercio julio-septiembre 2006

Pgina 3 de 11 NEGOTIATION CONDITIONS - Unit Price - Minimum Quantity - Credit Period - Delivery Date - Bulk Discount - Penalty Clause - Cancellation Clause - Royalty on Sales under Licence - Commission - Early Settlement Discount - Option Period - Warranty Payment 8.50 per unit at least 10,000 units 30 days after invoice 20 October 2005 -2% if ever 10,000 units 5% for each month of delay 50% charge if cancelled less than six weeks before hand 3% of turnover (vol. de vtas.) on licensed goods 5% on sales in the territory -2% if paid within 20 days First option for 12 months after contract 18 months warranty from completion

BUSINESS OPERATIONS SOLE TRADER: its a private individual who runs a one-man business. PARTNERSHIP: associations of two or more people sharing the risk and the profits. PRIVATE LIMITED (Ltd.Co): it cannot offer its shares to the general public. PUBLIC LIMITED (plc): must have a minimum nominal share of 50,000. Shares can be bought and sold by members of the public. HOLDING: owns more than a half the share capital of another company (Subsidiary) FRANCHISE: is an agreement by which a franchisor gives the franchisee the right to sell goods or services using the franchisors name in return for a royalty. LICENSE AGREEMENT: one firm allows another to exploit its intellectual property in return for a royalty. JOINT VENTURE: two or more companies joined in a common undertaking (gestin). MULTINATIONAL COORP.(MNC): its a firm which owns or controls production or services outside the country in which it is based. EXPORT TRADING COMPANY: Its a consortium of firms which enables (habilita) foreign buyers to purchase US good without complicated procedures.

JOB DESCRIPTIONS MANAGING DIRECTOR: I have general responsibility for the whole company HUMAN RESOURCES DIRECTOR: Im the companys people manager FINANCE DIRECTOR: I look after the companys money CHIEF ACCOUNTANT: I do the books and prepare the balance sheets (hojas de balance) SECRETARY: I type letters, file papers and make appointments (citas/compromisos)for my boss. PURCHASING MANAGER: I buy all the things that the company needs ASSISTANT GENERAL MANAGER: Im responsible for everything when the boss is away DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: My job is find and test new products PRODUCTION MANAGER: I make the products which the company sells MARKETING DIRECTOR: My job is to make sure that we have the products which people want to buy SALES DIRECTOR: Im in charge of the people who sell our products PUBLIC RELATIONS MANAGER: My job is to make sure that the company has a good image. 3ingls comercial cmara de comercio julio-septiembre 2006

Pgina 4 de 11 PRESIDENT CHAIR PERSON

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MANAGING DIRECTOR

Senior Executive Officer Junior Managemen t

FINANCE

COMMERCIAL

PRODUCTION

HUMAN RESOURCES

PURCHASING ACCOUNTING FINANCIAL SERVICE CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS

MARKETING SALES CUSTOMER SERVICES EXPORTS

R&D PRODUCTION PACKAGING QUALITY CONTROL

RECRUITMENT PERSONNEL SALARIES & WAGES TRAINING

PEOPLE AND WORKPLACES Employees, personnel, staff, workers, workforce White collar workers Manual/Blue collar workers Shop floor Payroll (nmina) Individual Offices Open Plan Offices Labor Unions (US) / Trade Unions (UK) Collective bargain (convenio colectivo) Industrial Action (huelga) o Strike, stoppage, walk-out: workers stop working for a time o Go slow: wokers continue to work, but more slowly than usual o An overtime ban: workers refuse to work more than the normal number of hours. Demostration (manifestacin) Riot (manifestacin violenta, revuelta) Black legs (esquirol) Head Office / Head Quarters (Oficina principal)

ENTREPRISE VOCABULARY Lay of /downsizing Golden parachute To settle a debt CADCAM reestructuracin de plantilla contrato blindado cancelar una deuda computer assisted design computer assisted manufacturing

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Pgina 5 de 11 INDUSTRY MANUFACTURING - Aerospace - Cars (UK) Automobiles (US) - Computer Hardware - Construction - Defence (UK) Defense (US) - Food Processing - Household Goods (washing machines, refrigerators, ) - Pharmaceuticals - Steel - Textiles (cloth and clothes) SERVICES - Catering - Computer Software - Financial Services - Healthcare - Leisure - Media - Property (UK) Real Estate (US) - Retail (Shops) - Telecommunications (phone, internet) - Tourism

SHOPS Butcher Carnicera Fishmonger Pescadera Grocery Ultramarinos Greengrocery Frutera / Verdulera Florist Floristeria Book Shop Librera D.I.Y. Do It Yourself = Tienda de Bricolage Ironmonger Ferretera Jewellery(UK) Jewelry (US) Joyera

PRODUCTS - Raw materials Materias Primas - Manufactured goods Productos elaborados - Hand-made Productos manufacturados - Handcraft shift Artesana - Consumer durable goods Bienes de consume duradero - Perishable goods Bienes perecederos - Fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) Productos de 1 necesidad

5ingls comercial cmara de comercio julio-septiembre 2006

Pgina 6 de 11 EXPRESSIONS - LITTLE BY LITTLE - WORD TO MOUTH - BY MEANS OF - ITS WORTHY - THAKE THE MOST OF - THAKE ADVANTAGE OF - TO BE FED UP WITH SOMETHING - AS OF - TO PASS ON Poco a poco Boca a boca Por medio de Merece la pena Aprovechar Aprovechar Aburrido de algo A partir de Contagiar

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Pgina 7 de 11 OPINION We consider that From our point of view /viewpoint We agree with the fact that But we cannot accept We completely disagree with that idea / statement We do not coincide on the idea that This is not admissible We cannot admit that

SWOT - Strengths - Weakness - Opportunities - Threats CONDITIONAL If you come I will go If you came I would go If you had come I would have gone

SIMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS PS p.p. c.c. b.c.c. Ref # c/o attn. POB e.g. etc. b/f c/f post-script (postdata) per pro = on behalf of (en nombre de) carbon copy (con copia a) blind carbon copy reference or subject matter number (US) care of for the attention of post office box (apdo. de correos) exempli gratia for instance(por ejemplo) et cetera so on / and so forth brought forward (trado) carried forward (llevado) ASAP as soon as possible a/c current account @ at sq squared (e.g. 10sqms) Sq square (abreviatura slo en sobre) lb(s) pounds (unidad de peso = libra) m metres or miles oz ounce (onza) yr(s) yard(s) (yarda) ie id est that is (es decir) registered copyright Trade mark

7ingls comercial cmara de comercio julio-septiembre 2006

Pgina 8 de 11 VOCABULARIO SEGUN TEMAS WORKING TOGETHER Premises: Shareholders: Stock exchange market: SME: To run: A board of: To report to: Filing cabinets: Open plan offices: Straightforward: To perform: Sorted out: To be hold: To set up: Trade union: On behalf of: Collective bargaining: Put forward: Lock out: Strike: Ban: Working to rule: Go-slows: local, instalaciones accionistas bolsa small & medium-sized enterprises (PYME) dirigir equipo de informar a mobiliario de oficina oficinas sin separaciones fcil desarrollar encontrar una solucin celebrar, tener lugar establecer sindicato en nombre de convenio colectivo exponer cerrar huelga prohibicin huelga de celo hacer lo mnimo. Tipo de huelga

MONEY BUYING, SELLING AND PAYING Regular bank statement Mortage To pay outright Refund To haggle Fare Bargain Ripp-off Standing orders (to pay by) Direct debit Interest rate extracto bancario hipoteca pagar al contado reembolso regatear billete ganga robo?? domiciliaciones bancarias pago por banco tipo de inters

COMMERCIAL LETTERS Further to our Freight Quotation / budget Draft Termly en referencia a flete presupuesto letra de cambio trimestral

8ingls comercial cmara de comercio julio-septiembre 2006

Pgina 9 de 11 To be settled Remittance Consignment Dispatch department Warehouse Slight To be aware To be reluctant In mean time / meanwhile Misunderstandings Regretfully Outstanding saldado remite mercanca departamento de envo almacn pequeo estar al tanto ser reacio a hacer algo mientras tanto mal entendidos lamentablemente destacado

ZESPRI Strike gold To pick up Turn over dar el golpe mejorar facturacin, volumen de ventas

PRODUCTS Unreliable High-tech State-of-the-art Hard-wearing High-quality Best-selling Long-lasting Well-made Upmarket product Downmarket products Custom-made Multi-purpose First-class poco fiable alta tecnologa de vanguardia, moderno duraderos ? gran calidad los mas vendidos de larga duracin buen acabado productos caros y generalmente de alta calidad productos econmicos y no siempre de buena calidad customizados, creados para un tipo de persona o personas producto con diferentes usos productos de excelente calidad

THE LIFE CYCLE OF A NEW PRODUCT Designed Manufactured Tested Launch Promoted Distribution Modify Discontinue

9ingls comercial cmara de comercio julio-septiembre 2006

Pgina 10 de 11 SIZE Vast / Huge / Enormous Big Medium Little /Small Tiny Winy??

ARRANGING A MEETING Demostration To be tied up demostracin / manifestacin estar liado

10ingls comercial cmara de comercio julio-septiembre 2006

Pgina 11 de 11 VOCABULARY Drawer librador Drawee librado Stake participacin To go dutch pagar a escote To hire purchase = to pay in instalment Gap nicho Shrinking?? hundirse Inland revenue hacienda To cast a glance echar un ojo Fore head frente Fore arm antebrazo

VERBS Puede que haya Hubiera Haya Habr Habra Hubiera enviado Entregue Habra habido Ser enviado Hemos estado considerando Hubieron decidido Ser enviado Hemos estado considerando Hubieron decidido Estableciese Fuera Compre Debera haberse dado cuenta Deba haber sido anunciado Podr haber Deber tener en cuenta Deba de haber visto Hubo habido / haba habido

11ingls comercial cmara de comercio julio-septiembre 2006