Coating of technical textiles

Description of coating application to produce Technical Textiles Dr Muhammad Mushtaq Mangat www.mushtaqmangat.org

Chemistry of coated textiles

Spread of a viscose material to develop

certain properties

Viscose material is coated and dried/cured

for long lasting attachment

Coating is limited to linear to linear polymers,

on drying they are converted into hard film long chain linear molecules

All thermoplastic polymers having long chain Few have the ability to crosslink

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Made by free radical polymerization of vinyl chloride It is hard rigid solid

PVC
Hard rigid solid, Can absorb many Such addition

plasticisers

creates new avenues of its application increase its worth

For example

This unique property

cyclohexylisooctylpht halate

PVC Coated tarupaulin

Gives hardness and used for protection

PVC coated PET

Used as Technical

Textiles

More rigid and hard

still flexible able to adapt various shapes

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)[1]

PVDC is very similar to PVC Made by using emulsion polymerisation of vinylidene chloride Low gas permeability More expensive than PVC Give better flame resistance due to 2 molecules of chlorine

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
Developed by Du

Pont in 1941Made by polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene material from sun light

Used as protective

PTFE applications

Water and repellant Highly thermal resistance (250C) Inert to most common solvents and chemicals Can be degraded by strong Expensive comparatively

Rubber [1]

Natural rubber a linear polymer of polyisoprene Obtained from the sap of many plants It can be used directly for coating Natural polymer contains unsaturated double bonds along the polymer chain

Rubber Modification [1]

It can be crosslinked with sulphur It is called vulcanisation, Gives abrasion-resistant films or hard ebony-like structures. Flexibility depends upon the amount of crosslinking Prone to oxidation and ozone attack
http://www.archerrubber.com/

StyreneButadiene Rubber (SBR) [1]

Is made by emulsion polymerisation of styrene and butadiene Application is similar to natural rubber Less resilient than natural Superior weatherability and ozone resistance More than 50% of all rubber used is SBR

Application of SBR coated cloth

Nitrile rubber [1]

Nitrile rubbers are copolymers of acrylonitrile and butadiene Highly oil resistance, Excellent tensile strength and resistance to abrasion Used for fuel tanks, not good for tires

Butyl rubber [1]

It I copolymers of

isobutylene and isoprene in 1931

Developed by BASF Used as fuel additive,

explosive, sports items, chew gum, tires, coating material

Many more coating material

Chlorosulphonated polyethylene (Hypalon) Silicone rubbers

Aluminized kevlar Elastomer coating High temperature

Polyurethanes Glass wool coating Teflon Wax

coating
And many more

Coating techniques [1]

Lick role Fabric is passed over a roller, which is dipped in

solution

Knife coating
fixed knife is used to spread solution Thickness depends upon the gap between

knife and fabric

knife on air knife over table knife over roller knife over rubber blanket.

[1]

Metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy

MOVPE is a process in which vapors of chemicals are

deposited on the surface of fabric

Quite complex process semiconductor multilayer structures

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coating]

Electrostatic spray assisted vapour deposition (ESAVD)

It is used to deposit thin and thick layers on any substance Electrostating spraying technique is used Chemical reaction occurs during spraying Following products can be made:

Thermal barrier Protection of photovoltaic panels Electronic components Biomedical coatings Glass coatings (such as self cleaning) Corrosion protection coatings
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coating]

Physical vapor deposition

Cathodic arc deposition Electron beam physical vapor deposition (EBPVD) Ion plating Ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) Magnetron sputtering Pulsed laser deposition Sputter deposition Vacuum deposition Vacuum evaporation, evaporation (deposition)

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coating]

Chemical and electrochemical techniques

Anodising

Ion beam mixing Pickled and oiled, a

Conversion coating Anodizing Chromate

type of plate steel coating

conversion coating oxidation

Plating

Plasma electrolytic Phosphate (coating)

Electroless plating

Electroplating Sol-gel

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Coating]

Optical coatings
Antireflection coating, to reduce reflection A mirror coating to enhance it
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coating]

Others

Dip-coating Epitaxy (vapor phase, liquid phase) Vitreous enamel

Powder coating or Powder slurry coating Fusion bonded epoxy coating (FBE coating) Molecular beam epitaxy Sheradizing Spin coating Paper coating Industrial coating [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Coating]

Paint

Enamel paint

Silicate mineral paint

Polymer coatings, such as Teflon

Roll-to-roll coatings
Air knife coating Gap Coating Gravure coating Hot Melt coating Immersion (dip)

Anilox coater

Curtain Coating Single and Multilayer

Slide Coating Flexo coater

coating

[http://

en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Coating]

 Knife-over-roll coating Metering rod (Meyer bar) coating Reverse Roll coating Roller coater Rotary screen Silk Screen coater Slot Die (Extrusion) coating [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coating]

Spraying
High velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) Plasma spraying Thermal spraying Plasma transferred wire arc thermal spraying

References
[1]Hall, M.E., Coating of technical textiles, in

Handbook of Technical Textiles A.R. Horrocks, Anand, S. C., Editor 2000, Woodhead Publishing Ltd Cambridge.