Honors World History

Ch. 8 High Middle Ages and Crusades Study Guide People Places and Things to Remember:

1066 King Edward of EnglandLast of Anglo Saxon Kings...Salic Law did not allow the daughter to be Queen Anglo-Saxon- Germanic; chased up by Romans Harold Godwindson Brother in law, killed in battle William of Normandy Distant Cousin, takes control, builds castles throughout England, has to take census Battle of Hastings battle in 1066 between Harold and William and William wins Domesday Book census efficient taxing determinator and took note of possessions. "will never be another census like it until judgement/dooms day" Henry II unified legal system in England Legal Code of Common Law Thomas Beckett and his Death argued with legal system and is killed mysteriously Richard and John John took over while Richard was away... John was excommunicated for taxing the religious so anyone who obeyed him was excommunicated too. Cornered him and forced him to sign Magna Carta Johns England unhappy place for a lot of people Robin Hood troubadour literature, tells the angle of the knights. Fur collar criminal. Makes John look weak. Nobles hold him hostage and make him sign the Magna Carta Magna Carta 1215 effects, what it was, slow long path to democracy Early form of Parliament created Frederick of Barbarossa died at Sea, was Holy Roman Emperor Phillip II Goes back to England because didnt like Richard could take down John

Themes to be aware of
Byzantiums lands under attack Byzantium is being attacked by a group of Muslims called the Seljuk Turks Battle of Manzikert and its effects Silk Road passed through it, Cut off supplies, Constantinople had lots of power, but then wave after wave of men came, freaked out, called Pope Urban The Great Schism-The Church splits in half. East is Greek Orthodox and West is catholic Council of Clermont- gathered hundred of bishops and gave a pep talk Alexius I- Emperor of the Byzantines has to ask for help Pope Urban II- Heal the Schism Deus Vult- GOD WILLS IT! Persecution of Jews- killing all infidels 1st Crusade- massive man slaughter but very successful The Battle for Jerusalem and the Slaughter army of 60000 trades food for protection The Establishment of 5 Christian Kingdoms: 1. Jerusalem 2. Antioch 3. Tripolis 4. Edessa 5. Armenia Saladin / Salah al Din 2nd crusade leader of the muslims, gets back Jerusalem and surrounding areas and allows the Christians to leave peacefully 2nd Crusade Defense of Jerusalem- Fail Siege on Jerusalem- Fall of Christians "leave but we wont kill you"

3rd Crusade Kings Crusade Results of the Crusades- Richard 1, Phillip II, Fredrick of Barbarosa, you know the story; 2nd Treaty allows pilgrimage for a fee. Feudalism Changes Ways in Which Kings tried to get Power centralized over all Tension between Church and Kings of England Effects of the Magna Carta 1.) Took taxing power away from kings 2.) Kings had to obey rules 3.) Parliament develops Byzantiums Role in Trade post Roman World: They were the end of the Silk Road Reasons for going on Crusade- 1.) Land-some people had land opportunity. 2.) Wealth- economic gain 3.)Salvation-guaranteed place in heaven. 4.) Some people wanted an escape from the harshness. 5.) for the POPE it was a chance to maybe heal the schism! Effects of the Crusades on Europe-1.) Knights need money, serfs for rent, end of feudalism. serfs may possibly become middle class. At the same time, guilds were going on. 2.) New Products: demands go up like crazyyyy! hop in your boat and buy shit. Italians benefit. Excess Money--> Smarter, Renaissance begins here. 3.) Increased power of Monarchs 4.) Pope will never have the same power again. They lost the crusades so people question the Church. 5.) Wider World View, they realize they arent alone, they learned more about the world, kick start of renaissance Perspective of the Muslims of Crusades- Muslims view this as a terrible invasion, like we view the "jihad" Feudalism changes- feudalism was used in a time of chaos and now the monarchs had control