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Rgreekl2.ttf Copyright 2006 Vernon Eugene Kooy PhD

This font is an expanded version of earlier versions, hence named Rgreekl2, which stands for
Renaissance Greek with Ligatures version 2.0. It is a large font with approximately 960 glyphs and
uses Unicode WGL4 numbering to accommodate the number of characters. However, semantically It
is not a Unicode font. It is beta encoded similar to other Greek fonts which use beta encoding. This
font is freeware and may be used and distributed freely. I retain the copyright however, in order to
make improvements, expand it, or otherwise come out with an improved version. It is not an imitation
of any particular font such as those of Robert Estienne, Holbein or Aldus Manutius. It is rather a
composite font which incorporates many glyphs (sorts) from each of the many early printers. It is
hoped that this font gains a modest distribution and not be a mere curiosity. The font is meant to imitate
early printed Greek from the age of incunabula to the end of the 18th century. It is not the intention of
this font to make Greek any more difficult or obscure than it already is for beginning students. The font
is essentially a font for scholars.

This font is organized in such a way that it can be used either as a standard Greek font or a font with
Ligatures. The basic Latin section contains control codes and keyboard characters for standard Greek
with ligatures for kot, oc and oc=. The Latin supplement section contains Unicode control codes,
prepositional prefixes, alternate letter forms and essential diacriticals. These two sections are all that
is necessary to write Greek in a Renaissance style. The Latin extended A section is used for two or
three letter combinations which more adequately imitate the style of Renaissance typesetters. The
Latin extended B section contains characters which are variants of those given in the previous section
as well as some characters from earlier minuscule forms (used in some Renaissance fonts), entire
words found in most Renaissance printed books and a number of combining characters used to make
up other ligatures not previously included.

This font has a number of blank spaces in the character charts. The reason for this is twofold, 1- for
further developments and 2- because the software I used to create the .ttf file would overwrite some
Unicode control characters, if I wrote to those character positions. These are marked in the charts by
.
Depending on which version of Windows and which version of MSWORD the user has, some
characters may not display by the usual method of Alt+xxxx where xxxx is the decimal value of the
character code. This is a windows problem and can be worked around by using the Insert Symbol
method. It is suggested that the user create for himself a template called Rgreekl.dot where the
preferences and shortcut keys to the various characters can be defined.

The main source I used for this font was initially the Portus edition of Proclus Diadochus' Platonic
Theology published in Frankfurt in 1618. In addition I have used and consulted various internet
sources and the articles by Coleman, Ingram and Wallace as well as a number of books printed by
Stephanus, Holbein, Manutius and Sheldon Theater.

For those who would use the font mainly as a standard Greek font of "Old Face" design I have
provided a number of symbols for use in the critical apparatus of a text. Because of the size of
ascenders and descenders there is more leading in this font than normal. If one wishes one could
partially solve this effect with paragraph line spacing.

I cannot say that this font is complete in the sense that every Renaissance Ligature is represented;
many early printers had at least 500 sorts in their boxes and some had more than a thousand. The
Renaissance printers imitated the minuscule current at their time, and the glyphs they used were
determined by the minuscule. Thus this font can also be used as a late minuscule font. If there is any
sort (Glyph) conspicuously missing which the user finds essential, I would appreciate hearing from
him/her in that regard, since I think a font of this type is never fully finished and is of necessity a
work in progress.

vkooy@charter.net
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Keyboards vary from manufacturer to manufacturer and the above is only an example. The reader will have to
interpret the above to meet his/her layout.

For characters above #161 hold down the Alt key while typing 0+ the decimal value of the character on the
numeric keyboard. (some keyboards and some characters may require an enter). For characters above 256 your
word processor must be set up for foreign language support. If the Alt+ method does not work for all characters
(Windows 2000 and lower) the user may insert the character through the insert symbol command on the pull
down.

Note: that if your word processor uses "smart quotes" these must be turned off in order to display character #034
and #039 correctly. Character 039 is the mark of elision and not a smooth breathing. It is higher above the base
than the smooth breathing. Characters 033 and 045 are used for footnotes. Arabic numerals are provided for the
convenience of pagination.

Characters 0198-0205 are forms of the article. Characters 0206-0213 are diacriticals for initial upper case
characters. They are so designed as separate (non-combining) characters and may be typed before the character to
which they apply, or may be used as combining characters for narrow characters and #0161 and typed after the
appropriate character. Characters 0192-0197 are combinations of accents and breathings and like all other
diacriticals are typed after the character to which they apply. Those diacriticals which are not obvious in the
diacritical section (0768-0869) are marked with their meaning. The listing of characters is unfortunately not
completely alphabetical. This is done because some characters are required to hold their position to make the text
as you type codes work ( ) properly.

Characters 0768, 0769, 0787, 0788, and 0855-0858 are diacriticals designed for use with two character ligatures.
Characters 0859-0863 are in this revision no longer blank.

Characters 0180, 0181, and 0214 are for numbers, as well as 0377-0383. Bullets are provided in the Unicode
Geometric Shapes section 9632-9679 as well as common arrows 8592-8597. The remaining letter forms are
combining characters which appear above the letter to which they are attributed. If the user would want them in a
superscript position, he/she should type a space between the letter and the combining character.

Characters 9657 and 9658 are combining characters for numbered bullets. The user should type the letter/number
first and then type the character and an additional space. 880 and 881 are spacing characters designed to allow
proper connections of Miniscule characters 880 is a narrow space (approximately 1/3 normal spacebar space) and
881 is a micro-space (approximately 1/6 normal spacebar space). These are useful often for combining characters
of the other sections also allowing a more proper connection between the elements of a ligature. See Characters
0161, 567-591, 7680, 7682, 7709, 7711, 7722, 7723, 7727, 7728, 7730, 7733, 7734 and 7735


3
RGREEKL BASIC LATIN (0-32 controls)
32 SPACE 64 96
33 65 A 97 o
34 66 B 98
35 q 67 E 99
36 68 2 1OO
37 m 69 E 1O1 s
38 _ 7O 4 1O2
39 71 I 1O3
4O 72 H 1O4 q
41 73 ! 1O5 t
42 * 74 J 1O6
43 75 K 1O7 k
44 , 76 A 1O8
45 - 77 M 1O9
46 78 N 11O .
47 79 O 111 o
48 O 8O H 112
49 1 81 113 J
5O 2 82 I 114
51 3 83 2 115 o
52 4 84 J 116 z
53 5 85 Y 117 c
54 6 86 118
55 7 87 O 119 u
56 8 88 X 12O _
57 9 89 J 121
58 9O Z 122
59 ; 91 | 123 |
6O 92 124
61 93 | 125 |
62 94 v 126
63 95 _ 127

4
RGREEKL LATIN SUPPLEMENT (128-160 Unicode controls)
16O 192 224 st
161 o 193 225 o
162 oo 194 226 g
163 G 195 227 _ o
164 ] 196 228 _ t
165 o 197 229 o
166 _ 198 1 zq. 23O u
167 199 ( zo. 231 c o
168 s. 2OO f zo 232 g o
169 p 2O1 1 zq 233 _ oo
17O _ s 2O2 z zu. 234 o oot
171 _ to 2O3 - zoc 235 o ok
172 c s 2O4 zoc 236 c oJ
173 e st 2O5 1 zot 237 c oJot
174 st 2O6 238 _ oo
175 c sk 2O7 239 o oo
176 c s. 2O8 24O oz
177 s 2O9 241 ozot
178 st 21O 242 o oc.
179 sc 211 243 _ o_
18O 212 244 _ ou
181 213 245 z
182 ) 214 p 246 _ zo
183 215 z 247 _ zot
184 q q 216 _ o. 248 | zot
185 0 q. 217 @ o 249 _ zot
186 g kot 218 ock 25O _ zoc
187 j kozo 219 oc. 251 ( zoc
188 22O oc 252 u c
189 ot 221 c 253 L c
19O g s. 222 c oo 254 L c
191 g szo 223 s 255 J u

5
RGREEKL LATIN EXTENDED A



















































256 ot 288 Js 32O oq 352
257 ot 289 Jst 321 ot 353
258 o 29O Jq 322 oc 354 zq
259 o 291 Jt 323 o 355 zq.
26O o. 292 J. 324 oo 356 zt
261 o 293 Jo 325 oot 357 zt
262 o 294 J 326 oo. 358 zo
263 o 295 Jc 327 oo 359 z
264 o 296 t. 328 ou 36O zz
265 o 297 ko 329 ooo 361 zc
266 oc 298 ko 33O ooo. 362 ct
267 o 299 o 331 oou 363 c.
268 s 3OO q. 332 ozo 364 c
269 st 3O1 t 333 ozs 365 _o
27O sc 3O2 . 334 ozst 366 _o.
271 t 3O3 c 335 ozq 367 _q
272 . 3O4 ct 336 ozt 368 _q.
273 o 3O5 o 337 ozo 369 _t
274 3O6 s 338 37O _
275 c 3O7 st 339 371 _u
276 o 3O8 q. 34O ozc 372 o.
277 s 3O9 t 341 ozu 373 st
278 st 31O 342 o_o 374 t
279 sc 311 . 343 o_st 375 c
28O t 312 o 344 o_q. 376
281 to 313 345 o_o 377
282 c 314 346 o_ 378
283 c. 315 z 347 o_c. 379
284 ssc 316 c 348 o_u 38O
285 s 317 u 349 zo 381
286 sozt 318 oo 35O zs 382
287 Jo 319 os 351 zst 383
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RGREEK L LATIN EXTENDED B
384 o 416 s 448 q 48O . 512 oJot 544 zoc 576
385 o 417 q 449 q 481 . 513 ot 545 z 577
386 oJt 418 to 45O J 482 .tk 514 oko 546 zu 578
387 o 419 to 451 J 483 515 okq 547 zu 579
388 o 42O o 452 Jo 484 ot 516 oko 548 zu. 58O
389 o. 421 453 Ju 485 oto. 517 o 549 c 581
39O o.zt 422 cot 454 t. 486 o. 518 oo 55O c. 582
391 o 423 s 455 k 487 o. 519 ooc 551 c. 583
392 ootoz 424 s 456 k 488 ozt 52O ooq 552 *** 584
393 oo 425 s 457 kot 489 ocs 521 oz 553 cot 585
394 oczo 426 su 458 ko. 49O ocko 522 oz 554 586
395 oczoc 427 st 459 ksooto. 491 oc 523 ozq 555 t 587
396 oczu 428 st 46O kt 492 oczo 524 o 556 o 588
397 429 st 461 ku. 493 ot 525 o_s 557 589
398 43O st.ot 462 k. 494 o 526 o_q 558 _ot 59O
399 431 st.ot 463 k 495 o 527 o_q 559 _ot 591
4OO 432 st.ot 464 496 oo 528 o_t 56O _q
4O1 433 stot 465 o 497 * 529 o_. 561 _J
4O2 434 s 466 o 498 s 53O o_c 562 s
4O3 ot 435 s 467 o 499 st 531 ou 563 q
4O4 o 436 s. 468 5OO st 532 ou. 564 u
4O5 o 437 sstq 469 ozu. 5O1 ** 533 zo 565 u
4O6 o 438 st 47O sJ 5O2 o 534 zocJo 566 u
4O7 439 st 471 s. 5O3 o 535 zoczo 567
4O8 44O st 472 s. 5O4 o 536 zq. 568
4O9 t.szot 441 s 473 s. 5O5 o 537 zq 569
41O k 442 sozt 474 q 5O6 oo. 538 zs 57O
411 443 sozt 475 so 5O7 ooczo 539 ztk 571
412 o 444 sz 476 szo 5O8 o 54O zo 572
413 oszot 445 szo 477 o 5O9 ost 541 zo 573
414 u 446 sc 478 u 51O ost 542 zo. 574
415 s 447 479 u. 511 oq. 543 zo 575
*ooksts.o **qJc.zt *** csoc.zstk
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RGREEKL DIACRITICAL MARKS
768 793 t 818 843 zu. 868
769 794 q 819 844 zu. 869
77O q. 795 q 82O 845 zu. 87O
771 796 o 821 846 871
772 797 u 822 847 872
773 798 u 823 848 873
774 799 o. 824 849 874
775 8OO oc 825 85O 875
776 8O1 o 826 851 876
777 o 8O2 ot 827 852 877
778 o. 8O3 s 828 853 878
779 st. 8O4 t 829 854 879
78O u 8O5 q. 83O 855
781 s 8O6 st. 831 856
782 ot 8O7 t. 832 857
783 o. 8O8 t 833 858
784 st 8O9 oo 834 u. 859
785 s. |o| 81O q. 835 86O
786 ot 811 st. 836 861
787 812 t. 837 862
788 813 ot 838 863
789 q 814 oc 839 864 u.
79O st. 815 o 84O 865 u.
791 s. 816 841 866 u
792 817 842 867




8

Signa for critical apparatus
57344 5735O 57356 57362 ` 57368 ` 57374 5738O
57345 57351 57357 57363 57369 57375 - 57381
57346 57352 57358 57364 5737O ! 57376 - 57382
57347 57353 57359 57365 57371 57377 ~ 57383 j
57348 57354 5736O 57366 ' 57372 \ 57378 | 57384
57349 57355 57361 57367 57373 - 57379 57385 o

Other Signa For Critical Apparatus (EDITIONS AND MSS):
574OO 574O2 7 574O4 M 574O6 ? 574O8 U 5741O 3
574O1 \ 574O3 k 574O5 y 574O7 T 574O9 g 57411 |

Arrows:

Geometric Shapes (Bullets):


General Punctuation:







Printers Ornaments:
9984 9986 9988 999O 9992
9985 9987 9989 9991 9993
8592 8594 8596 8598 86OO 86O2
8593 8595 8597 8599 86O1 86O3
9632 9639 9646 9653 966O 9682
9633 964O 9647 9654 9661 9683
9634 9641 9648 9655 9664 9684
9635 9642 9649 9656 9668 9685
9636 9643 965O 9657 9679 9686
9637 9644 9651 9658 968O 9687 O
9638 9645 9652 9659 9681 9688 A
8242 8245 8255 8275 8281
8243 8246 8256 8278 8282
8244 8247 8272 828O 8283
9


Characters 567-591 are combining characters used to combine with other glyphs to form additional ligatures not
included in, or instead of, ligatures above. Some examples are given below. By manipulating the character spacing
in MSWord other ligatures can be formed, and connections can be more neatly formed as has been done in some of
those below.
567 => o o J u
568 => 0 _ _
569 =>
57O => g _ _
571 => g _ _
572 => 0
573 => 0 q
574 => t
575 => t 0 g _ _
576 => o
577 =>
578 =>
579 => g _ _
58O => c u
581 => k
582 =>
583 => q
584 =>
585 => q
586 =>
587 => g _ _
588 => g _ _
589 =>
59O =>
591 => o u


10
Examples showing various font sizes:

1- O o..v. ot got oo go o..v. ot I_ot zo o..e. o
u.co., zo c.ts. ugo. z , _ oGo.e. 1 q. 9pts Arist. SE 165b32

2 s ctk.s, ooqzot, o . og, __ , Eot
ctkq, su o.uu, se Kc_@ o s e.q o s_J ov, us
. s q, os . zv otu. oJ_ cc gt 1
soq. .tu Lo zv ok, o .to c oJ oo. 12 pts
Romans 12:19-21
3 g g e . _c zo o
oqot g ucg q z_o q uzq zu. -
u. oc zq o__.zu tot, g zq -
ckq o.o, j _ _t to-
s, so t_oc so_o. topo o__.-
c, _ o.oo _k_ko coJc. pq oc.
q o oocz@ o_Jo sq zu. .ocu.
u.; 14 pts Proclus Theol. Platon. V, 2 (Portus p. 250)
4 Ock s_szot q ootsto zoc Jsoc szo oozqqosu, ocs socot., toc us q, skst toc
o q ootsto zoc Jsoc s.zo cu. sozt. 1O pts. Luke 17:20-21 w/o ligatures
5 sg_c| q oeo - g cq osu, oc s., tv u q, ske tv
q ooteo - s.zo cJ. s 11 pts (leading adjusted) . Luke 17:20-21 w/ ligatures

6


Psalm 32:8 as in the Theodore Psalter of 1066
Note: It is not necessary to use a ligature simply because it is available. One should use the ligatures sparingly and
with caution as too many could make Greek more cryptic than it already is for many. Historically ligatures lost their
usefulness as the 18th century progressed, so that by the 19th century they have all but disappeared. Many of the
ligatures in the Latin Extended B section are semantically equivalent to ligatures in the Latin Extended A section they
are offered for the user's preference.
11


Other Examples:

.

g_ oto. o J

o. ocgo.o. g . . . ogozo g
okozoocoo g oozo o.u z oooc, g c.co Joc cgzo
o.u cozo g t. o J

.Jzu

u g .zo u g t. o J

o u, ozt koo. g t_ugto. o J

o.ooo. uzo, g o.ooo. zoc
oozoc g koo. o J

o u go., g o oozo koo .cko, g
.zo go, g zo t, go to
Genesis 1: 1-5 as in the Complutensian Polyglot.



N JA!2 gokJe qt. ,
_ o uoo ot u oe o
_ oo,koesk| q . gqo
g kt, _ k cu. t.o
.0 oot., eo kooqo u c
fvo oc, 0 .c go gq ogo
o v. go t. z otqou.
o okgteo c Apollonius On Syntax I 1-7 as in the Aldine p. 216


o.zs ot - st. ogs.| c oqeo. p q qsu. ooqt
g _ 1 eo oou.| oczo, g otozo ou. q _
oo v oo. t.o oug oo g q. o. oe. f o_.
otgvo o. . u ece. ou. to. p o oto t u_e.
qo c qsu. g ot _ c qt.
so.o t o uo, c _ _c z oc st q, z p st.
Aristotle Metaphysics A 980a

Extensive use of the spacing characters 880 and 881 are used in the above for justification and placement of
diacriticals. Fonts differ from printer to printer in the Renaissance and this font does not exactly match any given font,
but is a composite font to represent the various ligatures. Therefore one should not expect an exact representation of a
given text but only a close approximation.

12
Minuscule- 10th-13th centuries (Unicode Greek Section)

880 1/2 sp 9O4 928 952 976 1OOO
881 1/4 sp 9O5 929 953 977 1OO1
882 9O6 93O 954 978 1OO2
883 9O7 931 955 979 1OO3
884 9O8 932 956 98O 1OO4
885 9O9 933 957 981 1OO5
886 91O 934 958 982 1OO6
887 911 935 959 983 1OO7
888 912 936 96O 984 1OO8
889 913 937 961 985 1OO9
89O 914 938 962 986 1O1O
891 915 939 963 987 1O11
892 916 94O 964 988 1O12
893 917 941 965 989 1O13
894 918 942 966 99O 1O14
895 919 943 967 991 1O15
896 92O 944 968 992 1O16
897 921 945 969 993 1O17
898 922 946 97O 994 1O18
899 923 947 971 995 1O19
9OO 924 948 972 996 1O2O
9O1 925 949 973 997 1O21
9O2 926 95O 974 998 1O22
9O3 927 951 975 999 1O23

Some Renaissance fonts use earlier formal book-hand characters, so they are included here.
Some of these characters are used in the examples above. Some early fonts of the Renaissance
reverted to the earlier book-hands, see examples in Proctor [1900].


13
Ligatures Not Included in Version Rgreekl 1.0

768O => o s t o u
7682 =>

7733 => o t o c u
77O9 => o o c u
7711 => o o c u
7734 => o o s c u
7722 => o s t q o c u
7723 => o t o u
7727 => . o
7728 => c o
773O => o o u
7735 =>
7746 => t . c 775O => o o c u
768O oJ 7696 sozot 7712 .o 7728
7681 o. 7699 sc 7717 H 7735
7682 o 77OO scJsto 7718 st 7736 oo
7683 q 77O1 7719 z 7737 o_oto.
7684 oo 77O2 qtoc 772O os 7738
685 _ 77O3 kozo 7721 ooc 7739 _oo
7686 u 77O4 ksozto. 7722 oz 774O zso
7687 tJo 77O5 kq 7723 7741 s_o
7688 o_q 77O6 k 7724 zo 7742
7689 soto. 77O7 kozcq 7725 zoc 7743
769O st.ot 77O8 kcoJo 7726 zt 7744 q |k|
7691 stot. 77O9 7727 7745 sozzo.
7692 s. 771O tzo 7729 cot 7746
7693 st 7711 773O 7747 oo
7694 s 7713 sozq 7731 _oo 7748 zu
7695 so 7714 okq 7732 _ot.t 7749 zt
7697 sozt. 7715 octo 7733 775O
7698 szot 7716 oc. 7734
14
Bibliography-

Allen, Thomas William. Abbreviations in Greek Manuscripts Chicago: Ares Publishers, 1974

Colman, Walter. Selections from the Abbreuiationes et literarum nexus from Nicolaus Clenardus,
Institutiones linguae Graeca, N. Clenardo authore, cum scholijs P. Antesignani Rapistagnensis. (Lyon:
apud Matthiam Bonhomme, 1553). [charts can be found at:
http://www.ucs.mun.ca/~wbarker/harvey/greek/greek1.htm ]

Copley, C. "Ligatures or Abbreviations in Ancient Greek MSS. & Editions" in
Novum Testamentum ad Exemplar Millianum cum emendationibus et lectionibus Griesbachi Philadelphia:
Bliss. no date [First American Edition] {also found at: http://www.constitution.org/img/gr_ligature.jpg}

Estienne, Robert Alphabetum graecum [Texte imprim] : Modus orandi, graece & latine,
abbreviationes aliquot graecae ; Alphabetum hebraicum : Decalogus, hebraice & latine Parisiis. Ex
officina Roberti Stephani. 1528 [available at: http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/Visualiseur?O=NUMM-
106138&M=pagination ]

Groningen, Bernhard Abraham van Short Manual of Greek Palaeography Leiden: 1940 [charts available
at: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ikon/greekabb.html ]

Ingram, William H. "The Ligatures of Early Printed Greek" Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 7
(1966): 371-89.

I. W. ??? Institutio Graecae Grammatices Compendiaria London: Buckley & Longman 1790

Lancelot, Claude A New Method of Learning with Greater Facility the Greek Tongue trans. Thomas
Nugent. 2 vols. (London: J. Nourse & G. Hawkins 1746; rpt. Menston: Scolar Press, 1972) [charts at:
http://www.ucs.mun.ca/~wbarker/harvey/greek/greek5.gif and
http://www.ucs.mun.ca/~wbarker/harvey/greek/greek6.gif ]

Mastoridis, Klimis The first greek typographic school HYEN 2, 75-86
http://afroditi.uom.gr/uompress/pdf/greek_typography.pdf

Ostermann, G. F. von and Giegenack, A. E. Abbreviations in Early Greek Printed Books
Chicago: Ares Publishers 1974

Proctor, Robert The Printing of Greek in the Fifteenth Century Oxford:1900.

Thompson, Edward Maunde A Handbook of Greek and Latin Palaeography Chicago: Ares, 1975

Wallace, William "An Index of Greek Ligatures and Contractions" Journal of Hellenic Studies 43 (1923):
183-93. [Available through JSTOR at: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0075-
4269%281923%2943%3C183%3AAIOGLA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-R ]

Wilson, Nigel Mediaeval Greek Bookhands Examples Selected From Greek Manuscripts in Oxford
Libraries Cambridge MA: Medieval Academy of America, 1972 [1995].








15


Examples consulted:
Erasmus of Rotterdam Novum Instrumentu Basel: Froben 1519
Erigena, Johannes Scotus , De divisione naturae. Oxford, e Theatro Sheldoniano, 1681
(contains Maximus' Ambigua)

Manutius A (1495) Theodori Introductiu gramatices libri quatuor. Eiusdem de Mensibus opusculum
sanequapulchtu [sic]. Apollonii gramatici de constructione libri quatuor. Herodianus de numeris,
Venetiis available at http://andreas.schmidhauser.ch/apollonius/works.html
Maximi, Sancti Opera. Eximique Philosophi Operum Ex Porbatissimis Quaeque. Mss. COdicibvs, Regiss, Card.
Mazarini, Seguierianis, Vaticanis, Barberinis, Magni Ducis Florentinis, Ventis, nova Verfione Fubata. MDCLXXV
Procli Successoris Platonici, In Platonis Theologiam Libri Sex Hamburg: Portus, 1618

Numerous other examples from Images from Internet sources

Manuscripts consulted:
MS. Gr. 2 Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite, De caelesti hierarchia, etc., with scholia,
Constantinople, 14th century.
MS. Gr. 8 Basil the Great [attrib.], Comm. on Isaiah, 16th century.
Available at http://image.ox.ac.uk/list?collection=magdalen

Medeltidshandskrift 54 Apophtegmata Patrum, fragment Place of origin: Constantinople
Date of origin: mid 11th century

Available at http://laurentius.lub.lu.se/volumes/Mh_54/



lect 1683, Lectionary, 13th Century, Gospels lectionary manuscript. 241 leaves, two columns per
page, 26 lines per column. Measures 29.5 cm x 22 cm. , Muenster,

lect 1684, Lectionary, 13th Century, Gospels lectionary manuscript; a large portion of this
manuscript is also a palimpsest of manuscript 0233, an 8th century Gospels manuscript written in
majuscule letters., Muenster,
Available at http://www.csntm.org/Manuscripts.aspx