EuropeanCommission

Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf

Cleannaturalgasapplications GT&CCS
Prof. Mohsen Assadi Center for Sustainable Energy Solutions (cenSE) Univ. of Stavanger, Norway
WorkshopI AbuDhabi,January2012

Clean Natural Gas Workshop Abu Dhabi January 2012

Outline
Balancing & backup for renewable energy Balancing&backupforrenewableenergy CleanNGapplications?
NGvs.Oilandcoal

NG NGmainbackupfuelforintermittent i b k f lf i t itt t renewableenergy GT&CCStechnologies

St t f th Stateoftheart t

NGfueledpowerplantswithCCS p p
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Clean Natural Gas Workshop Abu Dhabi January 2012

Introduction

Theenergychallengeofthe21st century gy g y
securityofenergysupply

environment

economics

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Backup&BalancingPower p g

Windpower Wind power production

Electricity El t i it demand
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Balancing&BackupPower g p
Stochasticnatureofrenewableenergy gy requiresbalancing&backuppower
Fast starting Faststarting Loadfollowing Reliable Highefficiency&Lowemissions Fuel flexible Fuelflexible Lowinvestmentandoperationalcosts

=>>Naturalgastheidealfuel&Gasturbinethe N t l th id l f l & G t bi th preferredenergyconversiontechnology

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Clean Natural Gas Workshop Abu Dhabi January 2012

CleanNaturalGasApplications Clean Natural Gas Applications

NGcleanerthanbothOil&Coal
NGemitslowerlevelsofNOxandparticulate emissions,andvirtuallynoSO2andmercury i i d i ll SO2 d emissions. CO2fromcombustionofcoalatomsnotavoidable
NGcombustiongeneratesca.30%lowerCO2thanOil andCoal(CxHy)

==>NG:animportantenergysourceinEurope!
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Clean Natural Gas Workshop Abu Dhabi January 2012

EuropeanPipelineNetwork European Pipeline Network

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NGusageinEurope2009 NG usage in Europe 2009

Clean Natural Gas Workshop Abu Dhabi January 2012

Powerplantprojects(MW) Power plant projects (MW)

Clean Natural Gas Workshop Abu Dhabi January 2012

Gaspowerplantprojects2010 Gas power plant projects 2010

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Nuclearpowerplantprojects2010 Nuclear power plant projects 2010

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DirectuseofNG
Potentialforhigherefficiency,avoiding conversionlosses i l
Investmentingasdistributionnet Technologydevelopmentforimproved performance CCSneedstobetailormade!

NG & Bi NG&Biogasastransportationfuel t t ti f l
Bothformarineandroadtransportation(lower CO2emission) SuccessivereplacementofNGwithBiogas p g
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Clean Natural Gas Workshop Abu Dhabi January 2012

GTTechnologyDevelopment

Different optimization criteria for jet engines, simple y cycle GT & CC plants Intelligent monitoring at component & system level
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Clean Natural Gas Workshop Abu Dhabi January 2012

SGT-750
37 MW, 40% Launched nov 2010

Schematic S h ti
Compressor Combustion chamber Expander/Turbine

Compressor

Combustion Chamber

Expander / Turbine

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Clean Natural Gas Workshop Abu Dhabi January 2012

Performanceimprovement p
Compressor
Increasedmassflow&PR,sameinletarea Activetipclearancecontrol&improvedaerodynamics Inletcooling/Intercooling

Combustionchamber
Efficientmaterialcooling,reducedimpactonCOT FuelflexibleDLNburners ue e b e bu e s Stablecombustionatvariousloads/operationalconditions

Expander/Turbine
Improvedmaterialcooling(closedloop,steamcooling,etc) I Improvedcomponentlifetime&reducedlosses d lif i & d dl
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Aerodynamic,sealing,cooling,etc. Aero dynamic sealing cooling etc

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Clean Natural Gas Workshop Abu Dhabi January 2012

Systemlevelconsiderations
Flexibility,themainissue
Frequentstarts/stops&loadchanges HRSG,akeycomponent y p
Combiningnaturalcirculation(lowpressuresection)& oncethroughboilerdesign(highpressuresection), reducingmaterialthickness&inertia

Fuelflexibility

Intelligentmonitoring
Artificial intelligence based monitoring tools for Artificialintelligencebasedmonitoringtoolsfor conditionbasedmaintenance

CCS&systemintegration
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Clean Natural Gas Workshop Abu Dhabi January 2012

Technology Roadmaps and RD&D

Technologyroadmaps developedbygovernmentaland privatesectoranticipatethatCO capturewillbeavailablefor private sector anticipate that CO2 capture will be available for commercialdeploymentatpowerplantsby2020. However the plan will require aggressive and sustained However,theplanwillrequireaggressiveandsustained effortstoadvancepromisingconceptstocommercialreality. Th f ThefocusofmostcurrentR&Dactivitiesison: f t t R&D ti iti i

Costreductionratherthanadditionalgainsintheefficiency ofCO2 capture. f CO

AvailabilityofadvancedCO2 capturesystemsforcommercial rollout,andhowmuchcheapertheywillbecomparedto currenttechnology. Novel,lowercosttechnologies.

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Clean Natural Gas Workshop Abu Dhabi January 2012

Status of Capture Technology p gy

AllcapableofhighCO2 captureefficiencies(typicallyabout90%), High cost and the large energy requirements for operation Highcostandthelargeenergyrequirementsforoperation. NofullscaleapplicationsofCO2 captureonacoalorgasfired powerplant. power plant Substantialresearchanddevelopment(R&D)
T d l Todevelopandcommercializelowercostcapturesystemswith d i li l ih smallerenergypenalties. To develop and testing new or improved solvents that can lower the Todevelopandtestingneworimprovedsolventsthatcanlowerthe costofcurrentpostcombustionandprecombustioncapture, Potentialbreakthroughtechnologies Novelsolvents,sorbents,membranes,and Oxyfuelsystems
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CCSTechnologies g

Source:ECN

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Postcombustioncapture p

Source:CRC

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Status of Capture Technology p gy

Post-combustion systems
PostcombustionCO2 captureoffers thegreatestneartermpotential. Canbeusedtoretrofitexisting powerplants. power plants.

Challenges
Installing current amine postcombustion Installingcurrentaminepost combustion technologyonnewconventional subcritical,supercritical,andultra supercriticalcoalfiredpowerplants p p p would: IncreasetheCOEbyabout80%. Large quantity of energy required to Largequantityofenergyrequiredto regeneratetheaminesolvent. Approximately30%energypenaltyto compresstheCO topipeline compress the CO2 to pipeline conditions.

EnvironmentalImpactsof AtmosphericEmissionsfrom Amine b d P t C b ti A i basedPostCombustion

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Postcombustion
Retrofitpossible
C b Canbeappliedindependentoftypeofplant li d i d d t ft f l t

Basedonchemicalabsorption
Usedpreviously,butnotforlargescalecarboncapture frompowerplants

Efficiencypenaltyinrangeof>10% Improvementpotential
Solvents:lowerenergyconsumptionanddegradation Systemintegration:improvedheatmanagementand reducedparasiticlosses CO2recirculation:higherCO2partialpressureinexhaust gas
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MaincontributionsoftheresearchworkPostC

Postcombustioncapturebaseline Postcombustion capture baseline

Chemicalaminesolvent absorptionstrippingprocess ~30%energypenalty ~80%capitalcostincrease ~80%higherCOE (100/tonCO (100/ton CO2) ~95%morewater
Aux. 10% CO2 compression 20%

Steam stripping loss 70%

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Clean Natural Gas Workshop Abu Dhabi January 2012

Netelectricefficiency(%)

?
49,48 w/PCCO2capture NGCCRef.

58,3

45

47

49

51

53

55

57

59

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Clean Natural Gas Workshop Abu Dhabi January 2012

Exhaustgasrecirculation g
Natural Gas

Why? Toreducetheflowrateof exhaustgasestobetreated To increase the CO2 ToincreasetheCO concentration

CO2
G G

Air

HRSG

CO2 Capture Unit

Cleaned Exhaust

Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Liquid H2O

Specificreboil lerduty(GJ/tonCO2)

Benefits Reduced reboiler duty >>net efficiency Reducedreboiler duty netefficiency increaseby~1%point But Additionalblower Increasedwatercoolingrequirementof ~50MWth 50MW

8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 35 3.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 CO2 concentration(mol%) MEA(30wt%) CO 2 capturerate90% Leanloading12.6 Desorberpressure1.86bar D b 1 86 b SimulatedinCO 2Sim

no EGR

with EGR 26

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Precombustioncapture p

Source:CRC

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Status of Capture Technology p gy

Precombustionsystems(IGCC powerplants) power plants) Thecarboncontainedinthe syngasiscapturedbefore syngas is captured before combustionandpower productionoccur
COEforanIGCCpowerplant withoutCCS>PCpowerplan COE i COEincreasesby40%tocapture b 40% t t CO2 (SelexolTM process) 20%energypenalty(capturingand compressing)for90%CO2 inpre combustionIGCCapplications

GEsIGCCwithCCSSystem

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Clean Natural Gas Workshop Abu Dhabi January 2012

Precombustion
Applicableonlytogaseousfuel
Requires gasification of liquid and solid fuels Requiresgasificationofliquidandsolidfuels ASUneededforO2drivengasification(highCO2partial pressureinfuelgas) pressure in fuel gas)

Resultsinahydrogenrichfuel
majortechnologydevelopmentforH2fueledGTforIGCC

Efficiencypenaltyinrangeof>10% yp y g Improvementpotential
ASU higher efficiency/lower energy demand ASU:higherefficiency/lowerenergydemand Systemintegrationandcontrol:improvedheat managementandreducedparasiticlosses management and reduced parasitic losses
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Clean Natural Gas Workshop Abu Dhabi January 2012

Configuration g
Gasification, Syngas Cooling & Scrubbing Acid Gas Removal (AGR) Water Gas Shift (WGS)

HRSG Air Separation Unit (ASU) CO2 Compression bi Gas Turbine

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Clean Natural Gas Workshop Abu Dhabi January 2012

OxyFuelcombustion y

Source:CRC

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Status of Capture Technology p gy

Oxy-fuel combustion system
Highpotentialforasignificantreduction incapturecostscomparedwithcurrent stateoftheartaminescrubbing.

Challenges: thecapitalcostandenergyconsumption foraASUtoproduceoxygen boiler air infiltration (mainly N2) excess boilerairinfiltration(mainlyN ),excess O2 contaminatingintheCO2 sequestrationstream Constructionofanewsupercriticaloxy Coalcombustionpowerplantequipped withacommerciallyavailableASU: y
IncreaseinCOEbyabout60%andhavea 25%energypenaltycomparedwitha newsupercriticalair fired,coal based new supercritical airfired, coalbased powerplantwithoutCO2 capture
EuropeanEnergyForum

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Clean Natural Gas Workshop Abu Dhabi January 2012

Oxy fuelcombustion Oxyfuel combustion

MajorGTtechnologydevelopmentrequired
Combustion Turbomachinery (compressor/expander)

Heatexchanger(exhaustgascondenser)
Oxygenseparationcrucial
ASU (cryogenic) ASU(cryogenic) ChemicalLoopingCombustion(CLC) Membrane

Potential for lower efficiency penalty (<10%) Potentialforlowerefficiencypenalty(<10%)

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Clean Natural Gas Workshop Abu Dhabi January 2012

HolisticApproach,foranintegratedsolution o st c pp oac , o a teg ated so ut o

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Clean Natural Gas Workshop Abu Dhabi January 2012

Thewayforward The way forward

Feasibilitystudyaimingatidentificationandevaluationof partnerstechnicalcapabilities: h i l bili i
Testfacilities:labscale,benchscale,pilotscale,fullscale Tools for design analysis evaluation monitoring etc Toolsfordesign,analysis,evaluation,monitoring,etc. Deliverable:AssessmentreporttoEUGCCasbaseforfutureprojects

Setting up a feasibility study project Settingupafeasibilitystudyproject

Developing&submittingaprojectproposal

Projectsetupwithlabscaleandpilotplant hl b l d l l
UsingexistingresearchinfrastructureinEurope Tools and method validation for a full scale plant analysis Toolsandmethodvalidationforafullscaleplantanalysis

Anewlargescaleprojectwithrealplandemonstrationin GCCregion? GCC i ?

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EuropeanCommission

Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf

Name: Mohsen Assadi Email: mohsen.assadi@uis.no Tel: 0047 45224698