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w
r
For t = 91.3 days (one quarter or one time period)
2
3
10 323 . 6
w e
D
r c
kt
t
2 6
3
) 5807 ( 10 6 25 . 0 209 . 0
3 . 91 275
10 323 . 6
D
t
= 15.0
360
119 . 1
2
h r c B
w e
360
180
2 . 19 ) 5807 ( 10 6 209 . 0 119 . 1
2 6
B = 455 bbl/psi
) 3748 3788 (
2
1
) (
2
1
2 1 3
p p p = 20.0 psi
) 3709 3774 (
2
1
) (
2
1
4 2 4
p p p = 32.5 psi
Water influx at the end of the third quarter
Water influx at the end of the fourth quarter
(4-marks)
(4-marks)
(4-marks)
(4-marks)
Page 4 of 1
) ( ) 3 ( t Q p B quarter W
rd
e
= 455 416.0 = 189,300 bbl
) ( ) 4 ( t Q p B quarter t W
h
e
= 455 948.4 = 431,500 bbl
(4-marks)
2. Solution:
(a) Following figure represents linear flow through a body of constant
cross section, where both ends are entirely open to flow, and where no flow
crosses the sides, top or bottom.
If the fluid is incompressible, or essentially so for all engineering purposes,
then the velocity is the same at all points, as is the total flow rate across any
cross section, so that,
A
q
v =
dx
dp k
127 . 1
Separating variables and integrating over the length of the porous body,
2
1 0
127 . 1
p
p
l
dp
k
dx
A
q
L
p p kA
q
) ( 127 . 1
2 1
In this integration q,, and k have been removed from the integral
sign, assuming they are invariant with pressure. Actually, for flow above the
bubble point, the volume, and hence the rate of flow, will vary with the
pressure as expressed by;
) ( p p c
i
i
e V V
.
As the net overburden pressure is the gross less the internal fluid
pressure, a variation of permeability with pressure is indicated, particularly
in the shallower reservoir, values at the average pressure may be used for
most purposes.
(b) Solution:
Pressure differential = 100 psi
(4-marks)
(4-marks)
(4-marks)
(4-marks)
Page 5 of 1
Permeability = 250 md
Fluid viscosity = 2.5 cp
Length = 450 ft
Cross-sectional area = 45 square feet
L
p p kA
q
) ( 127 . 1
2 1
=
450 5 . 2
100 45 25 . 0 127 . 1
= 1.127 bpd
(4-marks)
3. Solution:
L = 1500 ft A = 300 12 = 1600 ft
2
K = 345 md S
w
= 17%
= 32% = 0.023 cp B = 1.25 p
1
= 2500 psia
z = 0.88 T = 140 F q = 5 MMSCF/day
(a) Downstream pressure, p
2
= ?
P
2
= 2365 psia
(b) Downstream pressure at 25 MMSCF /day, P
2
= ?
P
2
= 1724 psia
(c) Gas flow is directly proportional in pressure drop.
(4-marks)
(4-marks)
(4-marks)
(4-marks)
(4-marks)
4. Solution:
L = 1500 ft A = 300 12 = 1600 ft
2
K = 345 md S
w
= 17%
= 32% = 3.2 cp B = 1.25
Page 6 of 1
(a)
L
p kA
q
127 . 1
=
1500 2 . 3
3600 10 345 127 . 1
3
p
(if q = 100 bpd)
100= 0.2916 p
p = 342.92 343 psi
L
p kA
q
127 . 1
=
1500 2 . 3
3600 10 345 127 . 1
3
p
(if q = 200 bpd)
200= 0.2916 p
p = 685.8 686 psi
(b) Apparent velocity,
3600
100
A
q
v = 0.0278 bpd/ft
2
5.615
= 0.156 ft/day
(c) Actual average velocity =
) 17 . 0 1 ( 32 . 0
156 . 0
o
S
locity apparentve
= 0.587 ft/day
(d) Time (displacement of oil) =
587 . 0
1500
= 2555 days
(5-marks)
(5-marks)
(5-marks)
(5-marks)
5. Solution:
Reservoir fluid gradient = 0.25 psi/ft
Reservoir permeability = 245 md
Fluid viscosity = 0.63 cp
Datum Level = 9100 ft
(a) p
A
at 9100 ft datum = 4365 (232 0.25) = 4307 psia
p
B
at 9100 ft datum = 4372 (572 0.25) = 4229 psia
(b) The difference of 78 psia indicates that fluid is moving down dip,
from Well A to Well B.
(c) Average effective pressure gradient, p/s = 78/2523 = 0.0309 psi/ft
(4-marks)
(4-marks)
(4-marks)
Page 7 of 1
2500 ft
Well B
Well A
Datum 9100 ft
9332 ft
9672 ft
(d) Fluid velocity,
ds
dp k
A
q
v
127 . 1
= 0309 . 0
63 . 0
10 245
127 . 1
3
,
_
,
_
9
6
10 83 . 6
10 4
1 1
t
p
G
t q
p
i
sc
avg
= 6000 3.514t
)) 12 3 ( 1489 472 . 0 ln( 650 02 . 0
15 10 6 703
) 472 . 0 ln(
703
3
w e
r r T
kh
= 0.6129
) 472 . 0 ln(
) ( 1 703
2 2
2
w e
w i
sc
sc
r r T
p p
G
t q
kh
q
1
1
]
1
,
_
( ) [ ]
2 2 6
) 500 ( 514 . 3 6000 6129 . 0 10 4 t
(4-marks)
(4-marks)
(4-marks)
Page 8 of 1
t = 967 days = 2.65 years
Recovery for 2.65 years =
9
6
10 83 . 6
967 10 4
G
t q
sc
= 0.5663 = 56.63 %
(4-marks)
(4-marks)
-------------------------------------------- End of the Solutions ------------------------------------
Page 9 of 1