Tutorial sheet no.

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1. The pressure volume correlation for a quasi-static process is given by: P= (8-4V) bar, where V is in meter-cube. Determine the work done when volume changes from 0.60 m3 to 0.35 meter-cube. 2. The properties of closed system change following the relation b/w pressure and volume as: P*V=3.0 where p is in bar, V is in m 3. Calculate work done when pressure increases from 1.5 bar to 7.5 bar. 3. The work-supplied to closed system is 160 kJ. The initial volume is 0.80 m-cube and pressure of the system changes as p= (7-3V) where p is in bar, V is in m3. Determine the final volume and pressure of the system. 4. A spherical balloon of 1-m diameter contains a gas at 220 kPa and 320 K. the gas inside the balloon is heated until the pressure reaches 550 kPa. During the process of heating pressure of the gas is proportional the diameter of the balloon. Calculate the work-done by the gas inside the balloon. 5. A fluid at a pressure of 3 bar, and with a specific volume of 0.18 m 3/kg, contained in a cylinder behind a piston expands reversible to a pressure of 0.6 bar acc to the law p-C/v 2 where C is constant. Calculate the work-done by the fluid on the piston. 6. Convert the following readings of pressure to kPa assuming that barometer reads 760mm of mercury. i) 80cm of Hg. ii) 1.35m H2O gauge iii) 30 cm of Hg vacuum. iv) 4.2 bar. 7. 1.7 example of R.K. Rajput page 29

Tutorial sheet no. 2

1. 1.5kg nitrogen contained in a cylinder at a pressure 6 bar and temp 300k expands three times its original volume. Assuming the expansion process to be isobaric make calculations for:(a) initial volume (b) final temperature (c) work done by gas (d) heat added (e) change in internal energy 2. 100 liters of hydrogen gas at 300k temp. and 5 bar pressure is contained in a cylinder fitted with a frictionless piston. The piston carries some dead weight, can move freely and its upper part is exposed to atm. Pressure. There is input of paddle work to the gas and its temp. rises to 350k. determine:(a) work done (b) change in internal energy (c) change in enthalpy (d) paddle work 3. air initially at 60kPa pressure 800k temp and occupy a volume of 0.1m 3 is compressed isothermally until the volume is half and subsequently it goes further compressed at constant pressure till the volume half again. Sketch the process on pv plot and make calculations for total work done and total heat interaction for two process. 4. 2kg of an ideal gas is compressed adiabatically from pressure 100kPa and temp 220k to final pressure 400kPa. Assuming the expansion process to be isobaric make calculations for:(a) final volume (b) work done by gas (c) heat added or rejected (d) change in internal energy 5. 3kg of an ideal gas is compressed polytropically from pressure 100kPa and temp 300k to final temp500k , pressure 1500kPa..make calculations for:(a) index polytropic (b) final volume (c) work of compression (d) heat added or rejected 6. a vertical cylinder 0.20m bore has its piston initially 0.30m above bottom position consists Co2. The piston is loaded with 1000N weight and pressure 1 bar and 293 k temp . the gas is heated with a heater of 1 Watt for an hour. There is no heat loss to the surroundings. Find piston lift. (Cp=0.82kJ/kg-k,R=189J/kg-k). 7.

Tutorial sheet no. 3

1. A nozzle receives steam at 1.3MN/m2, specific volume 142litres/kg, internal energy 4400kj/kg and negligible speed. At the outlet, the pressure is 100kN/ m2, specific volume 1660 litters/kg and internal energy 2200kj/kg. calculate:(a)C2 Neglect heat loss and assume the nozzle to be horizontal. 2. In an isentropic flow through nozzle, air flows at the rate of 600kg/h. at inlet to the nozzle, pressure is 2MPa and temp is 127oC. The exits pressure is 0.5MPa, inlet velocity is 300m/s. Determine:(a) Velocity at outlet 3. A steam turbine operates under steady flow condition receiving steam at the following state:h1=2785kJ/kg
The

C1=33.3m/s

h2= 2512kJ/kg

C2=100m/s

intake is 3m above the exhaust, the turbine develop 112.5kw. The heat loss to the

Surroundings is at the rate of 0.29kJ/s. determine the steam flow rate through turbine. 4. For centrifugal compressor , properties of the air at inlet and outlet are listed below:P1=1bar, P2= 5.5 bar v1=0.77m3/kg v2= 0.20m3/kg C1= 12m/s C2= 90m/s Air flow rate at inlet is 15m3/min. the compressor is driven by 40kw motor and heat lost to the surroundings is 30kJ/kg, Neglecting changes in potential energy. Calculate du 5. A centrifugal pump delivers 50 kg of water per second. The inlet and outlet pressures are 1 bar and 4.2 bar respectively. The suction is 2.2m below the center of the pump and delivery is 8.5m above the center of the pump. The suction and delivery pipe diameters are 20cm and 10cm respectively. Determine the capacity of the pump.

Tutorial sheet no.4

1. a heat pump is used to heat the house in winter.396421 kj/h of heat is to be supplied to the house and for operating the heat pump,29874 kj/h of work is required. Find out the C.O.P.of the heat pumped quantity of heat it extracted from the outside air. If heat pump is reversed i.e. it is used for cooling the house by rejecting the heat to the outside air is 396421kj/h then what will be the COP of the pump. 2. An engine working on a Carnot cycle receives 1020kj heat from a heat reservoir at a constant temperature of 9500 C and rejects heat to a heat sink at a constant temperature of 300C.calculate:i) the thermal efficiency of the engine. Ii) The work done. 3. A reversible engine with 40% efficiency discharges 1520KJ of heat per minute at 270C to a pond. Find the temperature of the source which supplies the heat to the engine and power developed by the engine. 4. Source S1 can supply energy at the rate of 12500 KJ/min at 3170C. A source S2 can supply energy at the rate of 125000KJ/min at 770C.Which source would you choose to supply energy to an ideal reversible heat engine that is to produce a large amount of power if temperature of surroundings is 370C? 5. Two Carnot engines work in series between the source and the sink temperature of 600K and 400K.if both the engines develop equal powers determine the intermediate temperature.

Tutorial sheet no. 5

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5. 6.

A rigid cylinder containing 0.005 m3 of nitrogen (molecular mass 28) at 1 bar 290 K is heated reversibly until the temperature becomes 360 K. determine the heat supplied and entropy change =1.4. 4m3 of air at pressure of 500kPa and temperature of 270C expand reversibly in a cylinder to a pressure of 100kPa.The final volume is 20m3. Assume constant specific heat for this and calculate 1) heat transferred during the process.2) the change of entropy during the process. 5kg of air is compressed in a reversible steady flow polytropic process from 100 kPa. and 400C to 1000kPa and during this process the law followed by the gas is pV1.25=C. determine the shaft work, heat transferred and the change in entropy Cv=0.717kJ/kg, R=.287kJ/kg. A Carnot heat engine draws heat from a reservoir at temperatureT1 and rejects heat at temperature T3. This engine drives a Carnot refrigerator which absorbs heat from a reservoir at temperature atT2 and rejects heat to a reservoir at temperature T 3 if T1=600K and T2=300K Determine a) the temperature T such that the heat supplied to the engine Q1 is equal to the heat absorbed by the refrigeratorQ2.) The efficiency of Carnot cycle and C.O.P. of Carnot refrigerator. A reversible engine working in a cycle takes 4500 kJ of heat from a source at 750K per minute and develops a power of 15kw. The engine rejects heat to two reservoirs at 300K and 400K. Determine the thermal efficiency and heat rejected to each sink. 1 kg of air at 1bar and 300k is compressed adiabatically till its pressure becomes 5 times the original pressure. Then it is expended at constant pressure and finally cooled at constant volume to return to its original conditions, calculate 1) Heat transfer 2) Internal energy Represent on PV and T-S chart Cv = - 1.8 kj/kgk = 1.4

Tutorial sheet no. 6

1. The peak pressure in an Otto cycle is 21 bar. with a compression ratio of 5 and minimum pressure of 1 bar determine a)thermal efficiency)mean effective pressure. Assume the working substance as air with =1.4. 2. An air engine working on Otto cycle has compression ratio raised from 5 to 6.compare the change in efficiency due to this rise. =1.4. 3. An engine working on the dual cycle has cylinder bore of 20 cm and stroke 40cm.The compression ratio is 14.5 and the pressure ratio of constant volume heat addition is 1.5.the constant pressure heat addition cut-off takes place at 4.9% of the stroke. Determine the air standard efficiency. 4. An air standard diesel cycle has compression ratio of 14.The pressure at the beginning of the compression stroke is 1 bar and temperature 270C.The maximum temperature of the cycle is25000C.Determine the thermal efficiency of the engine. 5. The mean effective pressure of an ideal diesel cycle is 7.5 bar. If the initial pressure is 1 bar and the compression ratio is 12.5, determine the constant pressure cut-off ratio

=1.4.
6. In an engine working on diesel cycle the following data was obtained temperature at the beginning of adiabatic compression=400C.temperature at the end of constant pressure process=16000C.compression ratio=1.4.Cp=.24kJ/kgK and Cv=.17kJ/kgK. Calculate i) The temperature at the end of adiabatic compression. ii) The percentage of stroke at which the cut-off occurs. Iii) The temperature at the end of adiabatic expansion. IV) The air standard efficiency. 7. The swept volume of a diesel engine working on a dual cycle is 0.0147m3 and clearance volume is0.0018m3. The maximum pressure is 60 bar. Fuel injection ends at 4% of the stroke. The pressure at the start of the compression is 1 bar. Determine the air standard efficiency. 8. An isentropic air turbine is used to supply 0.15kg/s of air at 0.1MN/m2 and at 280K to a cabin. The pressure at the inlet of the turbine is 0.4MN/m2.Determine the temperature at inlet and power developed by the turbine Cp=10.kJ/kg K.

Tutorial sheet no. 7

1. A mild steel rod 20mm in diameter is subjected to an axial pull of 50kN. Determine the tensile stress induced in the rod and the elongation if unloaded length is 5m. E=210GN/m2. 5. A steel rod 15m long is at a temperature of 150C. Find the free expansion of the length when the temperature is raised to 650C. find the temperature stress produced when i. The expansion of the rod is prevented ii. The rod is permitted to expand by 6mm. 2. A steel wire 2m long and 3mm in diameter is extended by 0.75mm due to weight suspended from the wire. If the same weight is suspended from a brass wire, 2.5m long and 2mm diameter, it is elongated by 4.65mm. Determine the modulus of elasticity of brass if that of steel is 2x105N/mm2. 3. A steel bar for centimeter in section , 3mm long is subjected to an axial pull of 128 kn. Taking E = 200 GN/m square . Calculate the alternation in the length of the bar. Calculate also the amount of energy stored in the bar during extension. 4. The following observations were made during a tensile test on a mild steel specimen 40mm in diameter and 200mm long. Elongation with 40kN load is 0.0304mm Yield load=161kN Maximum load=242kN Length of specimen at fracture=249mm Determine: a) Youngs modulus of elasticity b) Yield point stress c) Ultimate stress d) Percentage elongation 5. a steel tie rod 50mm dia. And 2.5m long is subjected to a pull of 100kN to what length the rod should bored centrally so that the total extension will increase by 50% under the same pull, the bore being 25mm dia.?Take E=200GN/m2